be動(dòng)詞(am、is、are)+not、
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can+ not、
助動(dòng)詞(do、does) + not
如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為否定句：
1、看句中有無be動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在be動(dòng)詞后+ not。
2、看句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，直接在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后+ not。
3、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)用助動(dòng)詞+ not。分四個(gè)步驟：
(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(某人或某物)后，動(dòng)詞前。
(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do、does，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does，
(3)在助動(dòng)詞后加not。
(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。
如何將一個(gè)肯定的陳述句改為一般疑問句：
1、看句中有無be動(dòng)詞，如有，把be動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。
2、看句中有無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如有，把情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到句首即可。
3、如上述二者都沒有，就應(yīng)把助動(dòng)提到句首。分四個(gè)步驟：
(1)肯定陳述句中本來是沒有助動(dòng)詞的，要加上去，位置在主語(某人或某物)后，動(dòng)詞前。
(2)確定助動(dòng)詞用do還是does，根據(jù)句中動(dòng)詞，動(dòng)詞是原形的助動(dòng)詞就用do，動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)的助動(dòng)詞就用does
(3)把助動(dòng)詞后提到句首。
(4)原句中動(dòng)詞假如發(fā)生變化就要恢復(fù)成原形。
強(qiáng)調(diào)一點(diǎn)，有some的要考慮是否要用any。
表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours' time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用。
結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形
I will go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Will you go to America tomorrow?
Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?
Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?
★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
I will not go to America tomorrow.
The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.
Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I will. / No, I will not.
Yes, he/she will. / No, he/she will not.
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.
★特殊疑問句
What will you do?
表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
構(gòu)成： 主語+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
Is the dog running after a cat?
Are the boys swimming across the river?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑問詞+動(dòng)詞+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞
What are you doing?
What is she doing?
What is the dog doing?
沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(必背)
表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
1. 表示感覺，感官的詞
see, hear, like, love, want,
2. have, has當(dāng)”擁有”講時(shí)沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,
含有be動(dòng)詞的句子， 將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was，are的過去式為were
I was at the butcher’s.
You were a student a year ago.
The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.
★變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首
Were you at the butcher’s?
Were you a student a year ago?
Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
I was not at the butcher’s.
You were not a student a year ago.
The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Yes, you were. No, you were not.
Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.
★特殊疑問句：
What did you do?
(必背)
不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式
I finished my homework yesterday.
The boy went to a restaurant.
The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago.
★變疑問句在句首加did， 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?/p>
Did you finish your homework yesterday?
Did the boy go to a restaurant?
Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?
★變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加did not
I did not finish my homework yesterday.
The boy did not go to a restaurant.
The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
Yes, they did. No, they did not.
構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞
用法：
2) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用
I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)
3) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
4) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
5) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了
I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)
He has gone to London.(人還在那里)
6) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型變化：
★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.
e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. No, I have not.
★特殊疑問句：
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：
凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)
注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用
錯(cuò)：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的那個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。
結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞
After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.
They had sold the car before I asked the price.
The train had left before I arrived at the station.
After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。
1.變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首
Had she finished her homework?
2. 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not
She hadn’t finished her homework.
3. 肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t.
4.特殊疑問句：
What had she done?
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