基于模版的穿刺診斷存在以下三個(gè)主要缺點(diǎn):過度診斷惰性腫瘤,漏診侵襲性腫瘤,并發(fā)癥隨著穿刺針數(shù)而增加。來自意大利都林的研究組通過隨機(jī)對照臨床試驗(yàn)來分析磁共振-超聲融合穿刺是否優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的模版化穿刺。 研究者將入組人群隨機(jī)分為兩組:融合穿刺組(A組)首先進(jìn)行多參數(shù)磁共振檢查,如果標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化報(bào)告提示可疑前列腺癌則進(jìn)行融合穿刺,如果磁共振沒有可疑惡性病灶則進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)的12針模版化穿刺;模版化穿刺(B組)則統(tǒng)一接受了12針穿刺。 這項(xiàng)研究共納入122例患者,中位年齡64歲,平均PSA為6.9ng/ml??傮w比較兩組的結(jié)果顯示:融合穿刺組的前列腺癌檢出率顯著高于模版化穿刺組(52.3% vs. 29.8%),而且融合穿刺組檢出的腫瘤大部分為侵襲性癌(88.2% vs. 58.8%);與此同時(shí),融合穿刺組中75.4%的患者只需要接受6針穿刺,并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率較模版化穿刺組有所降低(4.6% vs. 12%)。
▲圖1 研究結(jié)果概覽(FB:融合穿刺組;SB組:模版化穿刺組)
從細(xì)節(jié)上解讀這項(xiàng)前瞻性隨機(jī)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)一些具有啟發(fā)性的結(jié)論:
多參數(shù)磁共振診斷侵襲性前列腺癌的敏感性和特異性值得肯定。融合穿刺組中49例患者的磁共振標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化評分(PIRADS)考慮為惡性腫瘤,經(jīng)過靶向穿刺有61.2%診斷為前列腺癌,并且確診病變均為侵襲性腫瘤,這兩項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)幾乎是模版化穿刺組的兩倍。而在磁共振并未發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑惡性病變的患者中,前列腺癌檢出率僅為25%,且無一為侵襲性病變。因此,針對前列腺癌患病高危人群,多參數(shù)磁共振有可能作為篩選是否進(jìn)行前列腺穿刺的無創(chuàng)手段。
以往的研究可能低估了12針模版化穿刺的漏診率和陰性穿刺針數(shù)。在前列腺癌高發(fā)的意大利人群中,模版化穿刺組的前列腺癌檢出率比融合穿刺組降低22.5%,而侵襲性前列腺癌檢出率則降低29.4%,同時(shí)在模版化穿刺組中62.3%的穿刺都是無效穿刺(沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤),對比而言融合穿刺組僅有29.6%的無效穿刺。因此,對于沒有融合穿刺的醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu),12針模版化穿刺的突出問題在于漏診侵襲性前列腺癌,修改穿刺模版或者增加針數(shù)是可選的彌補(bǔ)手段。
Porpiglia等學(xué)者帶來的數(shù)據(jù)非常鼓舞人心,更重要的是他們研究中設(shè)立的融合穿刺模式值得借鑒(基于多參數(shù)磁共振選擇靶向或者模版化穿刺)。然而是否能夠優(yōu)化到國人的前列腺癌診斷還需要本土化的實(shí)踐:
首先,國內(nèi)的前列腺癌發(fā)病率低,同樣PSA水平前列腺癌檢出率僅有20%,前列腺穿刺的主要問題是過度穿刺,和上述研究的漏診侵襲性前列腺癌有所不同;
其次,多參數(shù)磁共振的解讀依賴于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的病例報(bào)告系統(tǒng),2014年美國影像學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)已經(jīng)更新了第二版診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。在經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的影像學(xué)醫(yī)師手中,PIRADS評分4/5分時(shí)診斷前列腺癌的敏感性和特異性均高于80%。然而,目前國內(nèi)對于該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的適用性研究仍然相當(dāng)匱乏,復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院正在開展多參數(shù)磁共振和國人前列腺大切片標(biāo)本的對照研究,希望早日得出相關(guān)本土化數(shù)據(jù)。
最后,融合穿刺的成功再次驗(yàn)證了前列腺癌的診治依賴于多學(xué)科協(xié)作。通過影像和病理的不斷驗(yàn)證,最終促進(jìn)了無創(chuàng)診斷手段的進(jìn)步。因此,將磁共振影像專家納入前列腺癌多學(xué)科協(xié)作組,并不斷通過對“誤診”病例的討論學(xué)習(xí)才能進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化前列腺癌早期診斷。
腫瘤外科學(xué)博士,復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院泌尿外科副主任醫(yī)師,主攻前列腺癌的微創(chuàng)根治術(shù)和綜合治療,熟練開展保留性神經(jīng)和尿控的前列腺癌根治術(shù)。入選2016年上海市青年科技啟明星計(jì)劃、第七屆復(fù)旦大學(xué)十大醫(yī)務(wù)青年和第三批復(fù)旦大學(xué)卓學(xué)人才計(jì)劃,獲得2015第一三共制藥獎(jiǎng)教金。近年來在國際一流學(xué)術(shù)刊物上以第一作者和通訊作者發(fā)表論文40余篇,其中15篇發(fā)表于美國泌尿外科學(xué)會(huì)官方雜志Journal of Urology和英國泌尿外科學(xué)會(huì)的官方雜志BJU International,研究成果被納入歐美泌尿外科診治指南和經(jīng)典教科書。作為課題負(fù)責(zé)人承擔(dān)國家自然科學(xué)基金兩項(xiàng),獲批實(shí)用新型專利1項(xiàng)。曾受邀在美國MD Anderson癌癥中心和日本金澤大學(xué)做專題學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告,多次在歐美泌尿外科年會(huì)做會(huì)場發(fā)言交流。2012年作為項(xiàng)目第二完成人獲得上海市科技進(jìn)步獎(jiǎng)一等獎(jiǎng)、上海市醫(yī)學(xué)科技獎(jiǎng)一等獎(jiǎng)和教育部高等學(xué)??萍歼M(jìn)步獎(jiǎng)二等獎(jiǎng)。
499: A prospective randomized study comparing standard prostate biopsy and a new diagnostic path with MRI and fusion biopsy: Preliminary results
Porpiglia F., Mele F., Manfredi M.,et al(San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Dept. of Urology, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy).
Introduction & Objectives
Nowadays, in the suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa), the patient undergoes a prostate biopsy with multiple samples using a standardized template (standard biopsy - SB). Many of these samples are unnecessary and reveal 'indolent' tumours. With the introduction of multiparametric prostate MRI can be performed targeted biopsies with a software capable of co-record MRI and TRUS (fusion biopsy - FB), with the aim of reducing the number of biopsy samples and increasing performance. The primary objective of this randomized, prospective, two-arm, study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new diagnostic path based on MRI and on FB, comparing to diagnostic standard.
Material & Methods
After approval of the local Ethics Committee, all na?ve patients suspected for prostate cancer (PSA - Arm A with positive mp-MRI (PIRADS score> 3): MRI/TRUS fusion software-based targeted biopsy using the Biojet? system (D&K Technologies), carrying out at least 3 samples for suspected lesion;
- Arm A with negative mp-MRI or lesion of low suspicion (PIRADS score <3) and="" arm="" b:="" transrectal="" trus-guided="" sb="" with="" 12="">3)>
PCa were considered clinically significant (CS) according to START consortium definition (for FB) and Epstein criteria (for SB).
Results
During the period 11/2014 – 09/2015 were enrolled 122 patients. Median age was 64 (49-75) years, mean PSA was 6.9 (+ 3.6) ng/ml. The demographic characteristics of patients in both arms and in the subgroups in arm A were comparable. Table 1 shows the preliminary results.
Conclusions
In our study, the detection rate of FB was significantly higher than SB with a significantly lower mean number of samples. These results are even more significant considering CS PCa. In patients in arm A submitted to SB, the probability of finding a PCa was minimal and none CS PCa was revealed.
Al though it is necessary to extend the series, this new diagnostic path based on MRI and FB technique seems to be safer and more effective than the standard.
(來源:《腫瘤瞭望》編輯部)
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