九色国产,午夜在线视频,新黄色网址,九九色综合,天天做夜夜做久久做狠狠,天天躁夜夜躁狠狠躁2021a,久久不卡一区二区三区

打開APP
userphoto
未登錄

開通VIP,暢享免費電子書等14項超值服

開通VIP
特級教師馬榮花課堂教學(xué)精彩片段評析

洗盡鉛華 堅守本真
                  ——特級教師馬榮花What are you going to do?課堂教學(xué)精彩片段評析
                  龔海平
                  
                  在新課改的推進過程中,我國的小學(xué)英語教師對課堂教學(xué)的改革作了多方面的探索和實踐,所取得的進展是有目共睹的。但是,小學(xué)英語課堂教學(xué)在革除了陳舊的、落后的教學(xué)思想和方法的同時,相當(dāng)一部分小學(xué)英語教師還沒有很好地抓住課改的實質(zhì),而是僅僅在課堂教學(xué)的組織形式上做文章,因而出現(xiàn)了諸如教師“刻意展示自我”、“表演痕跡嚴重”、“簡單依賴課件”、“評價方式庸俗”等問題,其中以“片面追求熱鬧”這一問題為甚,結(jié)果背離了英語作為外語的語言教學(xué)的本質(zhì)觀,導(dǎo)致華而不實。
                  全國著名英語特級教師、北京市崇文區(qū)光明小學(xué)馬榮花老師,作為我國小學(xué)英語教學(xué)的一員老將,在小學(xué)英語課程改革中始終以理性的態(tài)度進行積極而有效的探索。她在“2006年全國首屆小學(xué)英語‘新課程?新精彩?新走向’名師精品觀摩活動”上所執(zhí)教的What 
 are you going to do?①一課,真可謂“洗盡鉛華,堅守本真”。這節(jié)課的主要任務(wù)是:(1)復(fù)習(xí)行為動詞一般現(xiàn)在時的用法;(2)學(xué)習(xí)新的語言結(jié)構(gòu)“tobe going to dosth.”的用法,使學(xué)生通過學(xué)習(xí)和操練來理解和運用這一新的語言結(jié)構(gòu)去表達或談?wù)摗坝媱潯焙汀按蛩恪?。其中的幾個精彩教學(xué)片段給人印象至深,不僅值得細細咀嚼品味,而且對當(dāng)前和今后小學(xué)英語課堂教學(xué)的改革很具導(dǎo)向意義。
                  一、準確定位教師角色
                  教師只有做到心中有學(xué)生學(xué)生,才能找到有效的教學(xué)方法,提高教學(xué)效率。新課程的實施要求教師的教學(xué)行為必須體現(xiàn)學(xué)生的主體地位,在教學(xué)過程中體現(xiàn)“以學(xué)生為中心”的教學(xué)思想,這就意味著教師的角色必須由傳統(tǒng)的“傳道、授業(yè)、解惑”向?qū)W生學(xué)習(xí)活動的指導(dǎo)者、參與者和幫助者轉(zhuǎn)變。
                  面對新課程的實施,作為一名資深小學(xué)英語教師,馬榮花老師身體力行,在教師角色轉(zhuǎn)變方面付出了努力,她不僅經(jīng)常地走在學(xué)生之間直接參與學(xué)生的Pairwork,及時解答學(xué)生的問題,而且在充當(dāng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)活動的幫助者這一點上做得非常出色,她對學(xué)生的幫助完全是從著眼于細節(jié)入手,因此富有成效。
                  [教學(xué)片段1](在Free talks階段)
                  T: What do you usually do on Saturday?
                  S1: I usually do my homework. And sometimes I go to the
cinema.
                  T: Ok. What do you usually do on Saturday?(馬老師指著另一個男生。)
                  S2: I usually play football and
                  …(這個男生在仿照前面的一個學(xué)生說了“and”之后,其話語表達出現(xiàn)了障礙,表情特別尷尬?。?br>                  T: … and watch TV?
                  S2: Yes. I usually play football and watch TV.
                  很顯然,這名男生未必就是想說“I usually play football and watchTV.”,馬老師也未必確信這名男生就會接著說“andwatchTV”。盡管如此,馬老師的提示完全在合乎常理范圍之內(nèi)(畢竟小孩子都喜歡看電視),她幫助的目的旨在于化解這名男生因話語表達障礙所造成的尷尬和提示這名男生可以在說了“and”之后在說一個動賓搭配的詞組,從而完成話語表達。
                  [教學(xué)片段2](在讓學(xué)生嘗試著用“to be going to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行表達之前)
                  T: Look, boys and girls. Here are some pictures and phrases.
                  Who can read them?(馬老師播放的Powerpoint上面有九幅圖,分別有英文play
                  football,play basketball,play games,play the piano,go
                  shopping,go swimming,go to the library,go to the beach和go to
                  the party與之相對應(yīng),分三行排列。)One pupil reads one line. Who would like
                  to have a try?
                  S1: Play football, play basketball, play games
                  T: Good.
                  S2: Play the piano, go shopping, go swimming.
                  T: Very good! Next one, please.
                  S3: Go to the library, go to the beach, go to the party.
                  T: You’re clever. Now let’s read them together.
                  Ss: Play football, play basketball, …
                  T: Here’s another picture. Can you read the
                  phrases?(馬老師播放的這張Powerpoint上面也有九幅圖,分別有英文do housework,do
                  homework,see a movie,watch TV,fly a kite,clean my bike,ride a
                  horse,cook dinner和read newspaper與之相對應(yīng),分三行排列。方法同上?。?br>                  馬老師通過讓學(xué)生認讀以上18個動賓詞組,幫助學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)了幾乎所有已經(jīng)學(xué)過的表示日常生活的行為為描述。這絕對不是一般的機械性復(fù)習(xí),馬老師的這一精心設(shè)計實際上幫助學(xué)生掃清了接下來嘗試著用“to be going to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行表達的障礙,拓展了學(xué)生話語表達的空間,讓學(xué)生在接下來進行“What are you going to do after class?”操練性應(yīng)答時有話可說。這種從學(xué)習(xí)者角度出發(fā)的教學(xué)設(shè)計師對學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的真正的幫助,這種幫助所體現(xiàn)的實質(zhì)是“為學(xué)而教”

                二、深度關(guān)注學(xué)生情感
                  良好的師生關(guān)系是課堂教學(xué)的重要基礎(chǔ)。所謂“親其師,信其道”的道理正在于此。通常,不少英語教師習(xí)慣于通過營造輕松、活潑的教學(xué)氛圍來拉進師生之間的情感距離,這當(dāng)然是一個不錯的方法。但是,經(jīng)常重復(fù)使用這樣的方法,效果就不會總是那么靈驗。馬榮花老師所執(zhí)教的這節(jié)課是一堂借班上課的觀摩課,她既需要與學(xué)生建立和諧的師生關(guān)系,但又不可能有足夠的時間來在課前做這件事情,因而只能、并且必須在教學(xué)過程的起始階段敏銳地捕捉一切可能的機會來建構(gòu)良好的師生關(guān)系。
                  [教學(xué)片段3]
                  T: What day is it today? Can you tell me?
                  S1: Today is Saturday.
                  T: Do you often go to school on Saturday?
                  S1: No, we don’t.
                  T: What do you usually do on Saturday?
                  S2: I usually do my homework.
                  T: Oh, you usually do your home work. What about
                  you?(馬老師指著另一個男生。)
                  S3: I usually do my homework and play football.
                  T: Oh, you can play football. What do you usually do on
                  Saturday? (馬老師指著一個女生。)
                  S4.: I usually do my homework and play cards with my parents.
                  T: Ah, I see. You have so much homework to on Saturday. Right?
                  Ss: Yes.
                  T: I’m sorry to hear that. Actually, you can do many other
                  things on Saturday. You can read some interesting books. You
                  can play basketball, play the violin and draw pictures. And
                  you can take walks in the parks. You know, there are many
                  parks in Nanjing. And they are beautiful. Right?
                  Ss: Yes!
                  這是課堂教學(xué)的Free
                  talks階段,馬榮花老師在師生自由會話過程中,敏銳地感覺到了學(xué)生的課業(yè)負擔(dān)過重的問題,果斷抓住這一機會,發(fā)出了“I’m sorry to hear that.”的感嘆,并提出了一些有益的建議,頓時與學(xué)生找到了共同語言,征服了學(xué)生的情感,為接下來課堂教學(xué)的師生互動和教學(xué)目標的達成創(chuàng)造了條件。由此可見,較之于那種博得學(xué)生一時歡笑的淺層次和局限于感官滿足的教學(xué)方法,馬老師與學(xué)生的情感交流是深層次的,這種建立在理性和理解基礎(chǔ)之上的良好的師生關(guān)系因而是牢固的,也將是持久的。
                  三、堅定追求有效教學(xué)
                  小學(xué)英語教學(xué)的過程應(yīng)該是一個引導(dǎo)學(xué)生“由不知到知、由能知到能用”的清晰、具體的過程。這個過程常常是復(fù)雜的,有時甚至是曲折的、艱難的!與一些看似“行云流水”般的小學(xué)英語觀摩課不同,馬榮花老師上課從來不是為了展現(xiàn)她自己的教,而是為了學(xué)生真正自主地學(xué)。她的教學(xué)過程樸實無華,卻是高效的!
                  [教學(xué)片段4](在讓學(xué)生嘗試著用“to be going to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行表達階段)
                  T: Well, children. What are you going to do after class? For
                  example, I’m going to see a movie. What are you going to do?
                  S4: After class, I usually do my homework.
                  T: Oh, you usually do your homework after class. But now my
                  question is “What are you going to do after class?” You may
                  say “I’m going to do my homework.” Understand? Say it again,
                  please.
                  S4: After class, I’m going to do my homework.
                  T: Good! What are you going to do after class?(馬老師指著一名女生。)
                  S5: I going to fly a kite after class.
                  T: I going to fly a kite?(停頓。)
                  Ss: I’m going to fly a kite.
                  T: Yes. What are you going to do after class? This boy,
please.
                  S6: After class, I’m doing my homework.
                  T: After class, you’re doing your homework? No. Please say
                  “After class, I’m going to do my homework.” Say it again,
                  please.
                  S6: After class, I’m going to do my homework.
                  T: Ok, you are right now. What about you? What are you going
                  to do after class? This girl, please.
                  S7: After class, I’m going to play ball games with my sister.
                  T: Very good! What are you going to do after class? Who can
                  tell me?
                  S8: …   
在這一教學(xué)片段中,盡管馬老師首先用自問自答的方式為學(xué)生做了怎樣回答“What are you going to do   after class?”這一問題的示范,但是學(xué)生在嘗試用“to be going to do  sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行表達的過程中錯誤還是接二連三,五花八門。馬老師沒有為了追求刻意制造觀摩課教學(xué)天衣無縫、百發(fā)百中、一氣呵成的所謂“圓滿”的教學(xué)效果而中斷這一訓(xùn)練,她尊重學(xué)生對英語語言的認知規(guī)律,循循善誘地將學(xué)生由“未知”引向“已知”、“會用”,通過具體教學(xué)細節(jié)的處理,把學(xué)生嘗試運用“to  be going to do   sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行表達的過程過程變成幫助學(xué)生完成英語語言知識的建構(gòu)和生成過程。筆者注意到,由于馬老師刻意不追求課堂教學(xué)的所謂“圓滿”,著力夯實教學(xué)過程,因而自第7個學(xué)生回答問題起,所有學(xué)生的回答都是準確無誤的。一般教師可能會將訓(xùn)練到此為止,但是馬老師進一步將訓(xùn)練引向生生間的以小組合作為形式的真實性口語交際。
                  [教學(xué)片段5]
                  T: Well, children. Mary is going to swim with Sam tomorrow
                  morning. What are you going to do tomorrow morning? What is
                  your partner going to do tomorrow morning? Please ask and
                  answer with your partners, and then tell me.
                  (學(xué)生立即進入小組合作學(xué)習(xí)。)
                  T: What are you going to do tomorrow morning? What is your
                  partner going to do tomorrow morning? Please tell us.
                  S1: I’m going to do my homework tomorrow morning, and Xu Ran
                  is going to see the flowers in Xuanwu Park.
                  S2: I’m going to have an English lesson tomorrow morning. And
                  hen I’m going to play basketball with my friends.
                  She(指著旁邊的一名女生)is going to do some shopping with her mother
                  tomorrow morning.
                  S3: …
                  由此可見,教學(xué)過程“行云流水”固然精彩,倘若教學(xué)條件根本不允許,即使“歷經(jīng)坎坷”,只要教學(xué)活動是實實在在促進學(xué)生發(fā)展的,最終是真實、有效的,也是不會失去其應(yīng)有的燦爛的。
                  四、整體把握能力培養(yǎng)
                  相當(dāng)一部分小學(xué)英語教師習(xí)受教材編寫結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛,把每個單元的的教學(xué)內(nèi)容嚴格地區(qū)分為某一課時教“Listen and
                  read”部分就是僅僅訓(xùn)練“聽”和“讀”,某一課時教“Listen and  say”就是僅僅訓(xùn)練“聽”和“說”。小學(xué)英語教學(xué)階段如此絕對劃分是不科學(xué)的。教材中每個單元的板塊設(shè)置只能被理解為這個板塊主要教學(xué)任務(wù)是什么,并不意味著僅僅就是教什么或訓(xùn)練什么。尤其是小學(xué)高年級英語課堂教學(xué),必須每一節(jié)課都要在突出重點訓(xùn)練項目的同時兼顧“聽、說、讀、寫”四項技能的培養(yǎng)。
                  馬榮花老師在處理教材時采用的是整體把握語言能力培養(yǎng)的策略,將“聽、說、讀、寫”四項技能的培養(yǎng)根據(jù)具體教學(xué)內(nèi)容進行有機結(jié)合(如:聽說結(jié)合;聽寫結(jié)合;讀寫結(jié)合;等等。)。在這節(jié)課的鞏固行操練階段,馬老師既安排了以“What  are you going to do tomorrow  morning?”為主題、以口語操練和主持人做筆錄并報告為形式的小組學(xué)習(xí),為了在課堂上增加對學(xué)生的英語信息的輸入量,她還選編了與本課教學(xué)內(nèi)容相關(guān)的兩封英文短信,對學(xué)生進行英語語言能力培養(yǎng)的綜合訓(xùn)練。
                  [教學(xué)片段6](閱讀理解訓(xùn)練階段)
                  T: Now, let’s do another
                  exercise.(播放一封由Mary寫給她的朋友的英文信的Powerpoint)Who can read this
                  letter? You, please.
                        Dear friend,
                        On Sunday I’m going to swim with Sam. We are going to
                        have lunch at the restaurant near the park. We are going
                        home by bus. Then I’m going to the cinema with Mom and
                        Dad. On Sunday afternoon I’m going to visit my
                        grandparents. We’re going to make a birthday cake for my
                        Mom. Then we’re going to have a birthday party.
                                                                          
Yours,
                                                                               
                        Mary

                  S1: (Reading the letter.)
                  T: Now, please complete the work sheet with “tick” or “cross”.
                        THINGS TO DOYES(√)NO(×)
                        to eat lunch in a restaurant 
                        to go to the cinema 
                        to play the piano 
                        to write a letter 
                        to visit a friend 
                        to make some cookies 
                        to have a party 

  (Checking the answers.)
                  T: Well, can you ask some questions about this letter?
                  S2: What day is it today?
                  T: What day is it today? A good question! What day is it
today?
                  S3: Today is Saturday.
                  T: Can you ask a question about this letter?
                  S3: Yes. What is he going to do on Sunday?
                  T: What is he going to do on Sunday?(停頓。)Mary is a girl, not a
                  boy.
                  S3: What is she going to do on Sunday?(學(xué)生重讀she。)
                  T: That’s right. Who can answer this question?
                  S4: Mary is going to swim with Sam on Sunday.
                  T: Very good. Next one, please.
                  S5: Where are Mary and Sam going to have lunch on Sunday?
                  S6: They are going to have lunch at a restaurant near the
park.
                  T: Any more questions?
                  S7: How are they going home?
                  S8: …
                  在馬老師的指導(dǎo)下,學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了對這封英文信的閱讀理解的練習(xí)和根據(jù)這封信的內(nèi)容進行相互提問、應(yīng)答的練習(xí)。在這兩項練習(xí)中,馬老師把閱讀訓(xùn)練(讀英文信)、寫的訓(xùn)練(填寫表格)、口語訓(xùn)練(針對英文信的內(nèi)容進行提問和應(yīng)答)有機結(jié)合起來,使學(xué)生完全掌握了這封信中的具體細節(jié)。更可喜的是,學(xué)生還提出了“Where  are Mary and Sam going to have lunch on Sunday?”和“How are they  going home?”這兩個問題。顯然,學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)“What … going to  do?”的過程中已經(jīng)取得了實質(zhì)性的進展,這就是他們已經(jīng)從“What are you going to do  …?”的學(xué)習(xí)中逐步產(chǎn)生了使用這一句式的語言生成能力,即具備了提出以“where”和“how”開頭的、運用“to be  going to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行表達的問題的能力,這也意味著馬老師這節(jié)課的語言能力教學(xué)目標已經(jīng)高度達成。
                  五、有機達成其他目標
                  小學(xué)英語教學(xué)除了要力求達成語言知識目標、語言能力目標和語言運用目標外,還應(yīng)當(dāng)適時地滲透語言文化教育和思想品德教育。一些小學(xué)英語教師要么忽略語言文化教育和思想品德教育,要么牽強附會地進行語言文化教育和思想品德教育。而馬榮花老師則是憑靠自己多年積累的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗和高超的教學(xué)智慧隨機滲透這些教育。
                  [教學(xué)片段7](在與學(xué)生用“to be going to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)進行多方參與的表達階段)
                  T: Tomorrow is Sunday. What are you going to do tomorrow?
                  S1: I’m going to do some housework?
                  T: Homework or housework?
                  S1: Housework. I’m going to do some housework for my mother.
                  T: Oh, look(面對全班學(xué)生), she is going to do some housework for her
                  mother.(面對回答問題的女生)You’re a very good girl. Yes, boys and
                  girls, you should do some housework for your mother tomorrow.
                  You know, tomorrow is Mother’s Day.
                  這里,馬榮花老師非常機智地抓住了這個稍縱即逝的機會,以一句“You’re a very good
                  girl.”肯定了那位女生的打算,又以一句“Yes, boys and girls, you should do some
                  housework for your mother tomorrow. You know, tomorrow is
                  Mother’s
                  Day.”教導(dǎo)全班學(xué)生應(yīng)該在“母親節(jié)”為母親分擔(dān)一些家務(wù)。這個思想品德教育的過程簡潔明了,要言不繁,恰到好處。
                  從以上列舉的幾個教學(xué)片段可以看出,馬榮花老師的課堂教學(xué)沒有絲毫展示自我課堂教學(xué)活力的閑情逸致,她堅守基礎(chǔ)外語教學(xué)的本真,孜孜追求課堂教學(xué)的實效——促進學(xué)生的發(fā)展。筆者以為,這正是我們小學(xué)英語教學(xué)需要長期認真思考、研究和實踐的永恒課題

本站僅提供存儲服務(wù),所有內(nèi)容均由用戶發(fā)布,如發(fā)現(xiàn)有害或侵權(quán)內(nèi)容,請點擊舉報。
打開APP,閱讀全文并永久保存 查看更多類似文章
猜你喜歡
類似文章
初中英語八種基本時態(tài)綜合復(fù)習(xí)
莊麗佳| 快來觀看田湘軍與凌應(yīng)強的同課異構(gòu)教學(xué)
八年級英語下冊第四單元第一課時教學(xué)設(shè)計(新改 清風(fēng)淡云)
英語中各個時態(tài)的標志和時態(tài)間的區(qū)別
豐富多彩的教學(xué)方式 熱情飽滿的精神狀態(tài)
課堂教學(xué)是整個教育教學(xué)的“核心”
更多類似文章 >>
生活服務(wù)
熱點新聞
分享 收藏 導(dǎo)長圖 關(guān)注 下載文章
綁定賬號成功
后續(xù)可登錄賬號暢享VIP特權(quán)!
如果VIP功能使用有故障,
可點擊這里聯(lián)系客服!

聯(lián)系客服