一般過去時態(tài)
一、概念
表示在的過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如:yesterday,yesterday morning,yesterday afternoon,yesterday evening,the day before yesterday(前天),last night,last week,last month, last year,a moment ago(剛才),just now(剛才), two days ago,a week ago,in 1990等。 如: I went to bed at eleven last night. 昨晚我11:00睡覺。
二、動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律 (一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式 1、一般情況下,在動詞原形后面加-ed;如:look→looked play→playe d; 2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞,在詞尾直接加-d;如:live→lived use→used; 3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞,先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如:study→studied, try→tried fly→flied 4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,要先雙寫這個輔音字母后,再加 –ed。如:stop→stoppedplan→planned; (二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式(后附不規(guī)則動詞變化表) 1、改變動詞中的元音; begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got 2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent 3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut 4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid 5、采用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought 6、其他。如:am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式變化 (一)一般過去時的一般疑問句 1、把was, were放在句首,其余位置不變。由Was…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定答為:Yes,… was. 否定回答為:No,…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句,肯定回答為:Yes,… were. 否定回答為:No,… weren’t. 如: (1)I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai? →Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答) (2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night. →Were they in Li Yan’s home last night? →Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答) 2、在行為動詞的句子中,要用助動詞詞did來引導(dǎo),其余的語序不變。要注意的是,要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形。肯定回答為:Yes, …did. 否定回答:No, …didn’t. 如: John played computer games last night. →Did John play computer games last night? →Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答) (二)一般過去時的否定句 1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中,相接在was, were的后面加上not。 如:(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday. (2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week. 2、在表示過去的時間發(fā)生的動作的句子中,要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即:didn’t + 動詞原形。如: (1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night. (2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday. (三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句 1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情,注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。) We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night? 2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。) They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning. →Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning? 3.Who + 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。) Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend. →Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子結(jié)構(gòu) 1、在表示某個時間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子,系動詞用過式was,were構(gòu)成。如: (1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。 2、在表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作,用動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如: I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。 3.各種句式 (1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句: 主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。 He worked in Shanghai ten years ago. (2)一般過去時的否定句: a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't) He didn't do morning exercises yesterday. b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't) He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago. (3)一般過去時的一般疑問句: a.Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ? Did you study English in 1990 ? b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ? Was he a pupil five years ago ? (4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句: a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語? Where did your parents live five years ago? What did you do last Sunday? b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語? Who was at the zoo yesterday?
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