一. 副詞副詞是英語(yǔ)中的詞類(lèi)劃分。英語(yǔ)中有名詞,動(dòng)詞,形容詞,副詞,介詞......關(guān)于英語(yǔ)10類(lèi)詞性的具體講解,參考這篇文章:你還在糾結(jié)到底有多少種詞性嗎? 副詞是這10類(lèi)詞性中的一種,通常用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞和副詞本身。比如:On a very cold day, I ran extremely fast.我跑的很快。副詞very修飾形容詞cold,副詞fast修飾動(dòng)詞run, 副詞extremely修飾副詞fast。二. 狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)是句子的組成成分。英語(yǔ)中,一共有7大狀語(yǔ)——主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。在有些語(yǔ)法書(shū)中,會(huì)稱(chēng)表語(yǔ)為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),所以7大狀語(yǔ)會(huì)縮減成6大狀語(yǔ)——主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。關(guān)于具體的7類(lèi)句子成分的講解,請(qǐng)參考這篇文章:問(wèn):“這是什么句子成分?”答:“形容詞。” What??? 狀語(yǔ),是描述動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)候的一系列狀態(tài)。有時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,目的,結(jié)果,方式,條件,比較,伴隨,讓步,共10類(lèi)。故事串記:Tom got up at 6 o'clock every morning. (時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))He studied very hard at school(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)) because he was born in a poor family.(原因狀語(yǔ)) He finished his homework (in) the way (that) his teacher taught him(方式狀語(yǔ)) in order to(目的狀語(yǔ)) get into a good university. Although(讓步狀語(yǔ)) sometimes it rained heavily, he was never late for school. He was not as clever as (比較狀語(yǔ))other people , but he had a strong will. With his teachers' help, (伴隨狀語(yǔ)) he never gave up so that (結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))he was admitted to a famous university last year. If possible, (條件狀語(yǔ)) he will graduate and go abroad next year. 我們?cè)賮?lái)看這樣幾個(gè)例子:1. I run fast.我跑地很快。這句話(huà)中,I 是主語(yǔ),run是謂語(yǔ),fast是狀語(yǔ)。我是怎么跑呢?fast! 很快地跑!在這里,狀語(yǔ)是一個(gè)單詞——fast。 2. I run every morning.我每天早晨都跑步。這句話(huà)中,I 是主語(yǔ),run是謂語(yǔ),every morning是狀語(yǔ)。我是什么時(shí)候跑步呢?every morning! 每天早晨!在這里,狀語(yǔ)從一個(gè)單詞變成了一個(gè)短語(yǔ)——every morning。 3. If I have time, I will run.我有時(shí)間的時(shí)候,會(huì)去跑步。這句話(huà)中,I是主語(yǔ),will run是謂語(yǔ),If I have time是狀語(yǔ)。在這里,狀語(yǔ)從一個(gè)短語(yǔ)變成了一個(gè)句子——If I have time。所以,你看,狀語(yǔ)是句子成分,副詞可以充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),而狀語(yǔ)可以是單詞,短語(yǔ)或者句子。我們可以說(shuō)一個(gè)單詞是副詞,但是,不能說(shuō)狀語(yǔ)=副詞。