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英語語法——感嘆句

感嘆句

感嘆句的定義

表示說話時的驚異、喜悅、氣憤等情緒,句尾有驚嘆號“!”,讀時用降調(diào),在口語中常用省略句,有時只用一個詞或詞組。如:Great! How cold!

一.What與how型感嘆句

1.結(jié)構(gòu)

感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)

2.用法

1) 感嘆部分是名詞性短語,即:(a/an)+形容詞+名詞,感嘆詞用what。

① What +a(an)+(形容詞)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!例如:

What a fine day it is today!今天天氣真好!

What a strong wind it is!

What an interesting story it is!

What a clever boy he is!

② What+a/an/the+名詞

What a fool!真是個傻瓜!

What a pity!真是遺憾!

What the heck/dickens?。阒v的)什么玩意啊!

3) What+(形容詞)+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+……!例如:

What good students they are!他們真是好學生!

What wonderful ideas (we have)!

What funny stories!多么好笑的故事!

④ What+(形容詞)+不可數(shù)名詞+……!例如:

What bad weather we are having!今天的天氣真糟糕!

What beautiful flowers they are!

What noise they are making!

What cold weather it is!

What bad weather it is!

What terrible luck!太不走運了!

⑤What+名詞

What luck!多幸運啊! What fun!多么好玩?。?/p>

2) 感嘆部分是形容詞、副詞,感嘆詞用how。

①How+形容詞

How lovely!多可愛??!

How nice!多好啊!

How kind of you!您好客氣!

②How+形容詞+主語+謂語

How tall she is!她個子多高??!

How fond he was of it!他多么喜歡它??!

③How+副詞+主語+謂語

How well George writes!喬治寫得多好??!

How beautifully she sings!她唱歌唱得多美?。?/p>

④How+主語+謂語

How he ran!他跑得多快??!

How they shout!他們叫喊得多厲害呀!

⑤How+形容詞(+名詞)+謂語+主語

How strange and impressive was life!人生是多么奇妙動人?。?/p>

How precise and thorough are her observations!她的觀察是多么準確和透徹?。?/p>

For how many years have I waited!我等了多少年呀!

How good an example he set for us!他給我們樹立了多么好的榜樣!

注:

1)謂語動詞如是連系動詞,則how修飾形容詞。如:

How careful the boy is!

How cold it is today!今天真冷??!

How clever a boy he is!

2)謂語動詞如是行為動詞,則how修飾副詞。如:

How carefully the boy is writing!

How fast they are running !他們跑得真快!

How lovely the baby is!

感嘆句口訣:

感嘆句,要記牢,

what與how少不了;

感嘆名詞用what,

感嘆形、副必用how;

感嘆讀句用降調(diào),

句末嘆號莫忘掉。

二.其它類型的感嘆句

1.感嘆詞(以及副詞、形容詞)表示的感嘆句:

Alas!哎呀! Oh!??!哦!哎喲!

Well!好啦! Why!什么(話)!嗯!豈有此理!好好!

Excellent!好極了!

2.短語表示的感嘆句:

Dear me!哎呀! Great Heavens!天哪!

My goodness!哎呀!

None of your nonsense!不要胡扯了!

3.從句表示的感嘆句:

As if it were my fault!好像是我的過錯似的!

To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof!

真想不到這種丑事竟然出在我們家里!

4.表語表示的感嘆句:

Just my luck!唉,又倒霉了!

Sorry,my mistake!對不起,是我的錯!

5.such用于感嘆句的句型:

We have had such sport!我們玩得好極了!

6.肯定的修辭問句表示的感嘆句:

Am I tired?。ǎ?I’m extremely tired.)我累極了!

Can he run?。ǎ紿e can run exceptionally well.)他真會跑!

Was she angry?。ǎ絪he was very angry indeed.)她氣極了!

Did he look annoyed!他看來很煩惱!

Has she grown!她長大了!

7.否定的修辭問句表示的感嘆句:

Aren’t they sweet!(=They are very sweet.)他們多可愛?。?/p>

Isn’t he fast?。?He’s extremely fast.)他還不快嗎!

Wasn’t it a marvelous concert?。?It was a marvelous concert,wasn’t it?)那是一次極好的音樂會,不是嗎?

8.Here/There開頭的感嘆句:

1) Here/There+主語(代詞)+謂語

Here he comes!他來啦!

2) Here/There+謂語+主語(名詞)

Here comes the bride!新娘來啦!

9.副詞(Off/Away/In)+謂語+主語(名詞/不定代詞):

Off they went!別人都進來了!

10.反語感嘆句(echo exclamation)

由于對對方所說的話表示驚訝、反對、厭惡等,因而重復(fù)他話語的一部分或全句,這樣構(gòu)成的感嘆句為反語感嘆句。

—I have lived here for twenty years.—Twenty years!That’s a long time.

“我在這里住了20年。”“20年,可不短啦!”

—Have you ever been to Paris?—Been to Paris!I’ll say I have!“你到過巴黎嗎?”“到過巴黎!當然到過!”

—Open the door,please.—Open the door!Do you take me for the doorman?“開門!”“你當我是看門的嗎?”

11.帶有強烈感情的語調(diào)說出的陳述句、疑問句和祈使句變成的感嘆句(書面語,句末用感嘆號):

Could one have believed it!誰肯相信這個!

Don’t you say that again!你可不要再說那個了!

12.If only表達愿望時,常為感嘆句:

If only I’d known!我早知道就好了!

If only I could have my life over again!我要是再有一次生命就好了!

13.習慣上,一個表達強烈感情的句法不完整的句子可用作感嘆句:

You told!你說的!

An ice cube!一個冰塊!

Even worse!更加糟糕!

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