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     2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that在下列情況下一般不省略：
（1）. 賓語從句前有插入語。如：
We hope, on the contrary, that he will stay at home with us. 恰恰相反，我們希望他和我們呆在家里。
（2）. 有間接賓語時(shí)。如：
He told me that he was leaving for Japan. 他告訴我他要去日本。
（3）. that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語從句之后。如：
He said (that) the book was very interesting and that(不省略) all the children like to read it.他說那本書很有趣，所有小孩都喜歡讀。
（4）. 在“it(形式賓語)+補(bǔ)語”之后時(shí)。如：
I think it necessary that he should stay here. 我們認(rèn)為他有必要留在這里。
（5）. that從句單獨(dú)回答問題時(shí)。如：
—What did he hear? 他聽說了什么事？
—That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽說)凱特考試及格了。
（6）. 在except等介詞后。如：
He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽煙太多之外,沒有什么特別的毛病。
（7）. 位于句首時(shí)。如：
That our team will win, I believe. 我相信我們隊(duì)會(huì)贏。
（8）. 在較為正式或不常用的動(dòng)詞(如reply, object)后。如：
He replied that he disagreed. 他回答說他不同意。
（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
    由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問句演變而來的。意思是“是否”。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。

一般說來，在賓語從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。
1.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
（1）在帶to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there. 
（2）在介詞的后面
例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film. 
（3）在動(dòng)詞discuss后面的賓語從句時(shí)
例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week 
（4）直接與or not連用時(shí)
例句：I can’t say whether or not that can come on time. 
2.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
（1）if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”
例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 
（2）if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語從句時(shí)
例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday. 
（3）引導(dǎo)狀語從句even if（即使）和as if（好象）時(shí)
例句：He talks as if he has known all about it. 
（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
    這樣的賓語從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
英語中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。
例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英語中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。
例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
三.賓語從句的語序
賓語從句的語序是陳述句語序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。例句如下：
I don’t know what they are looking for. 
Could you tell me when the train will leave? 
Can you imagine what kind of man he is? 
四.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)
主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 
主句是過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time. 
當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 
五 賓語從句中的否定前移

        如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是believe, think, guess, suppose等，而且主句的主語又是第一人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語從句的否定詞通常要前移到主句中，即否定主句中的動(dòng)詞，這也就是我們平常所說的“否定的轉(zhuǎn)移”。 
I don't think (that) it will rain. 
I don't believe he tells lies. 
注意： 
① 這種否定前移的賓語從句，在變成反意疑問句時(shí)，反意疑問句的主謂語要與從句一致。 
I don't think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he? 我認(rèn)為他對(duì)那件事不感興趣，對(duì)嗎？ 
② 如果主句的主語是第二和第三人稱時(shí)，它后面接的賓語從句的否定詞通常不前移，它的反意疑問句的主謂語應(yīng)該與主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑問部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑問部分就用肯定。 
She thought that film was not interesting, didn't she? 她認(rèn)為那部電影不好看，是嗎？
You think you can't get up, don't you? 你認(rèn)為你起不來，是嗎？

六 賓語從句的簡(jiǎn)化（常用六法 ）

 方法一：簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

     當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 
　　Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
　　We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. 
　　方法二：簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”

        當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等動(dòng)詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 
　　She has forgotten how she can open the window.

       →She has forgotten how to open the window. 
　　注：當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是tell， ask， show， teach等動(dòng)詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 
　　Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？ 
　　方法三：簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”

    當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是order（命令），require（需要）等時(shí)，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“名詞（代詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 
　　The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.

         → The headmaster ordered us to start at once. 
　　方法四：簡(jiǎn)化為介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）

        某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動(dòng)名詞（短語）等其他形式簡(jiǎn)化。例如： 
　　He insisted that he should go with us.

         →He insisted on going with us. 
　　The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.

         →The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 
　　方法五：簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”

       某些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 
　　Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground. 
　　方法六：簡(jiǎn)化seem后的賓語從句

      動(dòng)詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式（短語）來簡(jiǎn)化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如?nbsp;
　　It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 
　　除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如： 
　　I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well. 
　　Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow. 
　　They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy

      七，其他需要說明的問題

           1．標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號(hào)；是疑問句則用問號(hào)。

         eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall.

                    Can you tell me which bus I should take?
           2．要注意個(gè)別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
      3.賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分

               eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
　　        2） I don't know if the train has arrived.
        句1）中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個(gè)從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個(gè)句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。

        句2）中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞don't know的賓語。整個(gè)句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達(dá)。
判斷方法：

1．從位置看：

   狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個(gè)別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞之后。
2．從引導(dǎo)詞看：

       if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于whether，詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“什么時(shí)候”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時(shí)，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”。
3．從時(shí)態(tài)看：

   if和when作連接詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)條件和時(shí)間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般將來時(shí)，則從句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來（即”主將從現(xiàn)”）。

八。典型錯(cuò)句解析

  1. He doesn’t know that when she can return him his book.

【解析】…know that when she →…know when she …引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞不可同時(shí)使用．

  2. He doesn’t like that I’ve brought him.

    【解析】that→what，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，常無疑問意義，表示“所……人(物)”,在從句中作主語,賓語或表語．

  3. It’s a question of if we should help her.

【解析】if → whether介詞后接的賓語從句不能用if而應(yīng)用whether 引導(dǎo)．

  4. Could you tell me where is she?

    【解析】is she→ she is．賓語從句一律用陳述句語序，即謂語動(dòng)詞位于主語后面．

  5. I think you are going to the park, don’t you?

【解析】don’t →aren’t you．在I think that…結(jié)構(gòu)中，其后反意疑問句附加部分，要與that之后的從句主，謂一致．

  6. Could you tell you me which place she lives?

【解析】lives→lives in. 賓語從名中的動(dòng)詞不是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要帶介詞．

  7. He asked me when the train will arrive.

【解析】will→would.主從時(shí)態(tài)要前后呼應(yīng)，主句為過去時(shí)，從句要用過去時(shí)形式．

  8. I don’t know that I said.

【解析】that → what. that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，其本身無詞義．what作said 的賓語．