第一要素：時(shí)間狀語
考生在做動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)試題時(shí)，要先看題干中有沒有時(shí)間狀語的暗示。不同的時(shí)間狀語代表說話或動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段不同，應(yīng)分別使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。考生應(yīng)該記住一些常用的時(shí)間狀語分別與什么時(shí)態(tài)連用，這是解題的關(guān)鍵。
常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：every day， often， always， once a week， every few years， etc.；
常與一般過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：the other day， yesterday， last year，in 1946， once， a few days ago， two years ago， etc.；
常與一般將來時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：tomorrow， next week， in three hours， etc.；
常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：now， at present， right now， etc.；
常與過去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：at this time yesterday/last week， etc.；
常與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：at this time tomorrow/next Friday， etc.；
常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：since 1998， ever since， so far， up till now， recently/lately，in the past few years， during the past five years， etc.；
常與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：by+過去時(shí)間狀語，before；
常與將來完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：by+將來時(shí)間狀語；
常與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：all day， all afternoon， all week， these days， all the time， etc.
第二要素：固定句型
考生若能記住以下句型中常用的時(shí)態(tài)，遇到時(shí)態(tài)方面的考題時(shí)就能迅速定位，輕而易舉地找到正確答案。
1.在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，如果主句用將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。
2.在賓語從句中，主句用過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句要使用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。
3.表示按時(shí)刻表固定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如The plane takes off at 4：30 p.m.飛機(jī)下午 4：30起飛。
4. I was doing sth. when sth. happened
I was about to do sth. when sth. happened
I was on the point of doing sth. when sth. happened
I had just done sth. when sth. happened（when譯為“這時(shí)”， 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生）
如：（1）I was walking along the river， when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.
（2）I was about to leave when it began to rain.
（3）I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang， announcing the exam was over.
5.祈使句+ or/otherwise + sb. will（not） do sth.或 祈使句+ and + sb. will（not） do sth.
如：Start right away or you’ll miss the first train.馬上出發(fā)，不然你會(huì)趕不上第一趟火車。
6.It was（not ） + 時(shí)間段+before + 一般過去時(shí)（過了一段時(shí)間就……）
It will（not ） be+ 時(shí)間段+before + 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（要過一段時(shí)間才會(huì)……）
It is/ has been +時(shí)間段+ since sb. did sth.
It was +時(shí)間點(diǎn)+ when sth. happened
如：（1）It was not long before he sensed his danger?鄄ous position.（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）
（2）It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）
（3）It is 3 years since he worked here.（since從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要從這個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)候算起）
7.表示過去原打算干，卻未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算或意圖。
had hoped to do=hoped to have done
類似的詞還有：expect， think， intend， design， plan， mean等。
would like/prefer/ love to have done
was/ were to have done
was/were supposed to have done
如：The plane was to have taken off at 7 this morning， but was held up by the heavy fog.飛機(jī)本來今天上午7點(diǎn)要起飛的，但是由于濃霧，起飛時(shí)間被推遲了。
8.If +were/ did （動(dòng)詞過去式），主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（would， could， might， should）+do（用來表示對現(xiàn)在情況的假設(shè)）
If +had done （過去完成式），主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（would， could， might， should）+have done（用來表示對過去情況的假設(shè)）
If +were/ did （動(dòng)詞的過去式）/ were to do / should do，主語+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（would， could， might， should）+ do（用來表示對將來情況的假設(shè)）
如：If I were to take/ should take/ took the exam tomorrow， I would not go shopping with you.明天我要是考試，我就不和你去購物。
9.It is the first time that sb. has done sth./It was the first time that sb. had done sth.
10.Hardly had sb. done sth. when sth. happened/No sooner had sb. done sth. than sth. happened
11.sb. is always doing sth.表說話者說話時(shí)的一種感情色彩，贊揚(yáng)、責(zé)備或批評(píng)。
12.表示位移方向的動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來。如：I’m leaving for Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天要去上海。
13.by+將來時(shí)間狀語或表示將來時(shí)態(tài)的句子，要用將來完成時(shí)態(tài)；by+過去時(shí)間狀語或表示過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子，要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。
第三要素：語境暗示
語境暗示主要是指上下文語境或前后語境提示。如：what’s the noise或look， listen等在題干中出現(xiàn)時(shí)要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；并列句或復(fù)合句中前后語境里時(shí)態(tài)的暗示等。考生在解答動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)題時(shí)，若在題干中找不到時(shí)間狀語，又確定不是測試的固定句型時(shí)，就得從題干前后時(shí)態(tài)或句子意思的暗示考慮了。這樣就能迅速而準(zhǔn)確地找到關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)，問題也就迎刃而解了。此類考點(diǎn)是高考時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)題測試的重點(diǎn)。
解題步驟
步驟一：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)確定此題是考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)。
步驟二：結(jié)合句子的意思來確定主語與謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系，排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。
步驟三：從解答動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)的三要素——時(shí)間狀語、固定句型和語境暗示來確定正確答案。
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