中考英語八種時態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時：
概念： 經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。
時間狀語： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays
基本結(jié)構(gòu) ：① be 動詞；②實義動詞
否定形式：① am/is/are+not; ②謂語動詞若為實義動詞，A.主語不是三單式，則don't+動詞原形 B.主語為三單式，則 doesn't+動詞原形。
一般疑問句：①把 be 動詞放于句首；②謂語動詞若為實義動詞，A.主語不是三單式，用助動詞 Do+主語+動詞原形
B.主語為三單式，則Does+主語+動詞原形Helen ________ a good student.(be)
Helen ________ fishing very much.(like) Helen’s friends usually ________ to school by bike.(go)
二、一般過去時：
概念： 過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作、行為。
時間狀語： …ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, at last, in the end, finally, at first
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： ① was/were；②實義動詞的過去式 (dodid, comecame, stopstopped)
否定形式：① was/were+not; ②在實義動詞前加 didn't ，同時還原實義動詞，即didn’t+動詞原形
一般疑問句：① was 或 were 放于句首；②用助動詞 do 的過去式did 提問，同時還原實義動詞。 Helen ________ born in Wuxi.(be)
Helen ________ to school by bike yesterday.(go)
三、現(xiàn)在進行時 ：
概念： 表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在進行的動作及行為。
時間狀語： now, at this time, these days, look, listen
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are+doing 否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing.
一般疑問句：把 be 動詞放于句首。
Listen, Helen ________ a song in the room.(sing)
四、過去進行時：
概念： 表示過去某段時間或某一時刻正在發(fā)生或進行的行為或動作。
時間狀語： at this time yesterday, at that time, from 6 to 8 last night, at 5 yesterday evening或以 when/while 引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： was/were+doing 否定形式： was/were + not + doing.
一般疑問句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。 Helen ________ TV at six last night.(watch)
I ________ TV when Mum came home last night.(watch)
五、現(xiàn)在完成時：
概念： 過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。
時間狀語 ： since…,for…,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(幾年來，這么多年來)，主（現(xiàn)完）+since +從（一過）,just（注意和just now的區(qū)別）,so far, till now
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has + done 否定形式： have/has + not +done.
一般疑問句： have 或 has+主語+ done Helen ________ in Nanjing for twenty yearsThe readers are all very happy because they ________ a new book.(receive)
六、過去完成時：
概念： 以過去某個時間為標準，在此以前發(fā)生的動作或行為，或在過去某動作之前完成的行為，即“過去的過去”。
時間狀語： by the end of last year(term, month…) ,by+過去的時間，主(過完)+before+從(一過)
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done.
一般疑問句： had 放于句首。
They ________ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)
The plane ___________ off before/when we got to the airport.(take)
七、一般將來時：
概念： 表示目前將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。
時間狀語： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by+將來的時間,the day after tomorrow
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： am/is/are/going to + do 或 will/shall + do.
否定形式： am/is/are/not going to + do或 will/shall not+ do.一般疑問句：am/is/are 放于句首或will/shall 提到句首。 Helen ________ to Shanghai next week.(fly)
八、過去將來時：
概念： 立足于過去某一時刻，從過去看將來，常用于賓語從句中。
時間狀語： the next day(morning, year…)
基本結(jié)構(gòu)： ① was/were/going to + do ；② would/should + do.
否定形式：① was/were/not + going to + do; ② would/should + not + do.
一般疑問句：① was 或 were 放于句首；② would/should 提到句首。 Helen said she ________ to Shanghai the next month.(fly)
被動語態(tài)和主動語態(tài)
1．各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的謂語動詞形式: a. 一般現(xiàn)在時 : am /is /are +done b. 一般過去時 : was/were + donec. .含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài):情態(tài)動詞+be +過去分詞 can be done may be done must be done
d. 現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài):have/has +been +done e.一般將來時的被動語態(tài):will/be going to + be +donef.復(fù)合賓語的被動語態(tài): (主動語態(tài)中不帶to,被動語態(tài)中要加to)make /help /let/ have/ sb. do sth. ask/tell sb to do sth see/hear sb do sth see/hear sb doing sth2.注:變被動語態(tài)時不要去掉組成謂語動詞短語的任何一個詞We must take good care of him.=He must be taken good care of.(of不能漏掉)You can catch up with us soon.=We can be caught up with soon.（with不能漏掉）
4. 下列情況不能用被動語態(tài)：
A． 不及物動詞： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .(happen, take place)
B．連系動詞： The girl looks like her sister .(五官feel/taste/look/sound/smell, 五變become/turn green/grow/go bad/get warmer/, be, keep fit/healthy, seem)Don’t cross the road until the light ________ green./// This dress ________ nice.(look)
C． 英語中有些動詞用主動語態(tài)表示被動語態(tài)。(表示物體本身所具有的一種性質(zhì))sell/write/read/wash/ride/cut well
The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .
動詞的固定搭配：
?。?font face="Times New Roman">1）后面接sb to do sth的動詞：ask sb to do sth=tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事 help sb (to) do sth 幫助某人做某事would like sb to do sth,＝want sb to do sth想要某人做某事use sth to do sth,使用某物去做某事 do what he could to help me盡他所能來幫助我
wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 advise sb to do sth建議某人做某事
remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
（2）后面接sb do sth的動詞：make/have/let sb do sth叫某人做某事
?。?font face="Times New Roman">3）后面接to do sth 的動詞：
have to do sth不得不做某事 need/require to do sth需要做某事 want to do sth/would like to do sth想要做某事hope/wish to do sth(注意沒有hope sb to do sth)希望做某事be happy/glad/pleased/afraid/better/crazy/(等形容詞)to do sthtry to do sth 努力做某事(下決心要把它做好了) try/do one’t best to do sth, 盡最大努力做某事
decide to do sth決定做某事 volunteer to do sth志愿去做某事
be willing to do sth愿意做某事 prefer to do sth比較喜歡做某事
take turns to do sth輪流做某事 take action(s) to do sth采取行動做某事
can’t wait to do sth迫不及待去做某事 be likely to do sth可能要做某事
ought (not) to do sth （不）應(yīng)該做某事
（4）后面接doing sth 的動詞：
enjoy doing sth喜歡做某事 look forward to doing sth盼望著做某事finish doing sth結(jié)束做某事 like doing sth/to do sth喜歡做某事thank sb for doing sth感謝某人做某事 be afraid of doing sth擔(dān)心、害怕做某事keep doing sth不斷的做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth練習(xí)做某事 pay attention to doing sth注意做某事
have difficulty/trouble/fun (in)doing sth做某事有困難/困難/麻煩/樂趣（高興）
can’ help doing sth=can’t stop doing sth忍不住/情不自禁去做某事
devote … to doing sth 致力于做某事 dislike doing sth不喜歡做某事
carry on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事
?。?font face="Times New Roman">5）其他：spend some time (in) doing sth花費一些時間做某事
stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事
keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 had better (not) do sth最好（不要）做某事 It’s better to do sth做某事比較好
have something to say/eat，have nothing to worry about would you please (not) do sth請你（不要）做某事好嗎？
would like to do sth想要做某事 why not do sth為什么不做某事呢？wait for sb to do sth, 等候某人做某事
特殊疑問詞（如how,what,when,where等）+動詞不定式to do 作賓語
(I don’t what to do./ I don’t know how to do it./ I don’t know when to go to Hongkong)have to go home to do housework(不定式表示目的 leave home to work, We can do everything we can to help you)It’s important/easy/hard/right/good for sb to do sth. It takes sb some time to do sth花費某人一些時間做某事
prefer doing A to doing B寧愿做事情A也不愿做事情B,喜歡做事情A更勝于做事情B
would rather do than do B寧愿做事情A也不愿做事情B
介詞+動名詞(instead of doing sth,about doing sth,what about/how about doing sth,by doing sth)be busy doing sth忙于做某事 be interested in doing sth對做某事感興趣
feel like doing 想要做某事 get ready to do sth準備做某事
be ready to do sth準備/樂意做某事 start/begin to do sth/doing sth開始做某事
give up doing sth放棄做某事 go/carry on doing sth繼續(xù)做某事
幾個搭配的區(qū)別：
remember to do sth是提醒別忘做某事，這個動作在說話的時候還沒做 remember doing sth是已做過某事，說話的時候動作已完成。 Remember to close the door, please. 記著關(guān)門。 （說話時門還沒有關(guān)）I remember closing the door.我記得我關(guān)了門了。（說話時門已經(jīng)關(guān)了）
forget to do sth和forget doing sthSorry,I forgot to bring the book.(對不起，我忘了帶書了。) I forgot borrowing a book from you.（我忘記曾經(jīng)向你借過書這件事）Don’t forget to do sth.不要忘記去做某事
stop to do sth停下來去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事Stop ________, the teacher is coming.(talk)I met an old friend on my way home yesterday. I stopped ________ with him.(talk)
go on to do sth繼續(xù)做另外一件事/go on doing sth繼續(xù)做同一件事
need/require to do 需要做某事 need/require doing 需要被…(有被動的意思 )I need to wash my clothes. My clothes need washing.
e.g. Your shoes are too dirty. They need ________.(wash)You look tired. You need ________ a good rest. (have)
動詞填空的解題思路
首先判斷有無動詞的固定搭配，比如：ask sb ________, finish ________
如果沒有動詞搭配，然后看是否有明顯的時間狀語標志，比如：看到now一般用________。
如果上面兩者都沒有，可以從上下文去推斷該用什么時態(tài)。比如：Don’t make any noise. The baby ______ (sleep)
注意點：
看清單復(fù)數(shù)（尤其是一般現(xiàn)在時的三單式），主動還是被動語態(tài)，肯定還是否定
祈使句有兩種形式，動詞原形開頭和don’t +動詞原形開頭 Come here./Don’t go there.
兩種從句的不同，根據(jù)需要選用不同的時態(tài)。I’ll call you if I ________ there tomorrow. (get)They won’t begin the meeting until he ________. (come)Don’t write to him until he ________ there.(arrive)I don’t know if he ________ to Nanjing next month.(fly)I’m not sure when he ________ to Nanjing.(fly)
在賓語從句中
A.若主句用一般現(xiàn)在時，則從句可根據(jù)實際情況用各種時態(tài)。如：
The radio says the snow later in the day. (stop)I know who the fewest yesterday.(pick)
B.若主句用一般過去時，則賓語從句要依情況用過去的某種時態(tài)：一般過去時，過去將來時，過去進行時，過去完成時。如：
He said that they to the Great Wall. (be)
Mary told me that she for Paris the next day. (leave)
C.無論主句是什么時態(tài)，賓語從句中客觀真理都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
The teacher said the earth around the sun.(move)
(5) 在完成時中，要注意瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換。如：
They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the books for 2 weeks.
buyhave, joinbe in / be a member of…, leavebe away, arrivebe here, beginbe on,
come back be back, die be dead, fall asleepbe asleep, get upbe up, finishbe over
Our classroom __________(clean) every day.
How often __________ your clothes ______________(wash)? Every two days.
He is made _________(stay) at home on Sunday.
The twins ___________(ask) to come again yesterday.
The bike ________(return) by my uncle tomorrow.So far, a lot of trees __________(plant).
A book must _________(read) more than once.//The little boy should ________(take) good care of.
A talk on history _______(give) in our school next week.
The picture _________(take) down by the twins just now.
Coke __________(sell) all over the world.//The fish ___________(eat) up by him an hour ago.
The sweater ________(buy) yesterday.//Trousers __________(make) in this factory.
The trees in front of the house ________(water) by my father every day.
An English song ___________(learn) tomorrow.//________ the bike ________(ride) by you? Sometimes.
