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初中英語(yǔ)疑難例析300例 (68---84)

初中英語(yǔ)疑難例析300例 (68---84)

日積月累

68remember 等動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞含義不同

 

 

 

 

   She didn't remember ____ him before

 

 

 

 

Ahaving met       Bhave met

 

 

 

 

Cto meet          Dto having met

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選A。一般說(shuō)來(lái),在動(dòng)詞remember(記得),forget(忘記),regret(后悔)等之后,若接不定式,表示該不定式所表示的動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生;若是接動(dòng)名詞(可用一般式或完成式,偶爾還可用不定式的完成式),則表示該動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如:

 

 

 

 

1Do you remember ____ me at a party last year?

 

 

 

 

Ameet  Bto meet  Cmeeting  Dmet

 

 

 

 

2—The light in the office is still on

 

 

 

 

—Oh,I forgot____

 

 

 

 

Aturning it off         Bturn it Off

 

 

 

 

Cto turn it off         Dhaving turned it off

 

 

 

 

3—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting

 

 

 

 

—Well,now I regret ____ that

 

 

 

 

Ato do              Bto be doing

 

 

 

 

Cto having done     Dhaving done

 

 

 

 

4—I regret ____ that I can't help you

 

 

 

 

—That's all right

 

 

 

 

Asay   Bto say    Csaying   Dsaid

 

 

 

 

在表示已發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),若句中含有具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),則以用動(dòng)名詞的一般式為宜:

 

 

 

 

I regret telling you about it yesterday

 

 

 

 

我后悔昨天把此事告訴了你。

 

 

 

 

答案:1C 2C 3D 4B

 

 

 

 

 

69stop 等動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞含義不同

 

 

 

 

    He was very tired so he stopped ____ a rest

 

 

 

 

Ahave    Bto have   Chaving    Dto having

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選B。在動(dòng)詞 stop(停止),go on(繼續(xù))等之后,接不定式或動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式都可以,但含義有差別:stop 之后若接不定式,表示停止正在做的事情而去做另外一件事(即去做不定式表示的動(dòng)作);若接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式,則只表示停止正在做的事情(即停止-ing 動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作);go on 之后若接不定式,表示的是做完一件事情后,接著做另外一件事(即做不定式所表示的動(dòng)作);若接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式,則表示繼續(xù)做正在做的事(即繼續(xù)做- ing 動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作)。如:

 

 

 

 

1He reached the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path

 

 

 

 

Ato have rested              Bresting

 

 

 

 

Cto rest                      Drest

 

 

 

 

2They stopped____,but there was no more sound

 

 

 

 

Alisten                  Blistening

 

 

 

 

Cto listen                Dto have listened

 

 

 

 

3When he saw us,he stopped____,got up and shook hands with us

 

 

 

 

Ato read     Breading     Cread      Dto be reading

 

 

 

 

4You can't go on ____ all night without a rest

 

 

 

 

Ato work           Bworking

 

 

 

 

Cwork             Dto have worked

 

 

 

 

5Goon ____ theother exercisesafteryou have finished this one

 

 

 

 

Ato do             Bdoing

 

 

 

 

Cwith              Dto be doing

 

 

 

 

答案:1C 2C 3B 4B 5A

 

 

 

 

 

 

70mean 等動(dòng)詞接不定式或動(dòng)名詞含義不同

 

 

 

 

  He meant ____ the early bus,and that meant ____up before five  o'clock

 

 

 

 

Ato catch,to get      Bcatching,getting

 

 

 

 

Cto catch,getting     Dcatchingto get

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選C。在動(dòng)詞mean,try,can't help 等之后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)詞本身含義有變化。試比較并體會(huì):

 

 

 

 

amean + to do sth 打算做某事        mean + doing sth 意味著

 

 

 

 

btry + to do sth 設(shè)法做某事      try + doing sth 做某事試一試(看有什么效果)

 

 

 

 

ccan't help + to do sth 不能幫助做某事    can't help + doing sth 禁不住做某事

 

 

 

 

練習(xí)題

 

 

 

 

1Oh,sorryI didn't mean ____ your feelings

 

 

 

 

Ahurt    Bto hurt   Churting    Dto hurting

 

 

 

 

2This illness will mean ____ to hospital

 

 

 

 

Ago   Bto go    Cgoing    Dto going

 

 

 

 

3I couldn't help ____ when I heard the joke

 

 

 

 

Alaugh    Bto laugh   Claughing    Dlaughed

 

 

 

 

4Don't take the medicineIt can't help ____ rid of your cold

 

 

 

 

Aget    Bto get    Cgetting    Dgot

 

 

 

 

5—I usually go there by train

 

 

 

 

—Why not ____ by boat for a change?

 

 

 

 

Ato try going       Btrying to go

 

 

 

 

Cto try and go      Dtry going

 

 

 

 

答案:1B 2C 3C 4B 5D

71need 等動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞均可,但語(yǔ)態(tài)不同

 

 

  The library needs____,but it'll have to wait until Sunday

 

 

 

 

Acleaning         Bbe cleaned

 

 

 

 

Cclean            Dbeing cleaned

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選A。表示需要的動(dòng)詞need,wantrequire 等,其后可接動(dòng)名詞(用主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義)或不定式(用被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義):

 

 

 

 

這位老頭需要照顧。

 

 

 

 

aThe old man needs looking after

 

 

 

 

bThe old man needs to be looked after

 

 

 

 

你的頭發(fā)需要理了。

 

 

 

 

aYour hair wants cutting

 

 

 

 

bYour hair wants to be cut

 

 

 

 

這房子需要刷漆了。

 

 

 

 

aThe house requires painting

 

 

 

 

bThe house requires to be painted

 

 

 

 

但是在其它情況下,則用主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式不能隨便:

 

 

 

 

這部電影值得看兩遍。

 

 

 

 

正:The film is worth seeing twice

 

 

 

 

誤:The film is worth to be seen twice

 

 

 

 

誤:The film is worth being seen twice

 

 

 

 

這本書(shū)很難理解。

 

 

 

 

正:The book is difficult to understand

 

 

 

 

誤:The book is difficult to be understood

72.介詞but 后的動(dòng)詞帶不帶to 主要看前面 沒(méi)有do

 

 

     He did nothing but ____ a letter

 

 

 

 

Awrite              Bto write

 

 

 

 

Cwriting            Dto have written

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選A。一般說(shuō)來(lái),介詞后接動(dòng)詞通常應(yīng)是動(dòng)名詞。但是介詞butexcept 也一樣)卻比較特殊,其后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以接不定式,并且這個(gè)不定式可以帶to 也可以不帶to

 

 

 

 

1.當(dāng)其前的謂語(yǔ)含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do(可以是各種形式)時(shí),其后的不定式通常不帶to

 

 

 

 

She will do anything but play chess.她除了下棋外什么都愿干。

 

 

 

 

He did nothing all day except watch TV.他一整天除了看電視什么也沒(méi)做。

 

 

 

 

2.當(dāng)其前的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有某種形式的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 時(shí),其后的不定式通常要帶to

 

 

 

 

They had no choice but to obey.他們別無(wú)選擇只有服從。

 

 

 

 

He wanted nothing but to stay here

 

 

 

 

他除了想呆在這里外,其它什么也不想。

 

 

 

 

3.當(dāng)其前含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do 但不是用作謂語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的不定式帶不帶to 均可,但以不帶to 為多見(jiàn):

 

 

 

 

There's nothing to do buttoleave.只好離開(kāi)。

 

 

 

 

There was nothing to do buttowait.除了等沒(méi)有其它的辦法。

 

 

 

 

4.在cannothelpbut 后習(xí)慣上接不帶to 的不定式:

 

 

 

 

I cannothelpbut admire his courage.我不得不佩服他的勇氣。

 

 

 

 

73“have + 賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)詳解

 

 

 

 

     It was coldHe had the fire ____ all night

 

 

 

 

Aburn               Bto Burn

 

 

 

 

Cburning            Dto Burning

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選C。有關(guān)have 的以下幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)須注意:

 

 

 

 

1have +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形,表示叫某人做某事,是使役動(dòng)詞;有時(shí)用于否定句,表示不能讓

 

 

 

 

多與won't 連用:

 

 

 

 

I'll have her post the letter.我要叫她去寄信。

 

 

 

 

I won't have you tell me what to do.我不能讓你對(duì)我做的事指手劃腳。

 

 

 

 

2have +賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞。表示使某人或某物一直處于做某事的狀態(tài)當(dāng)中;有時(shí)用于否定句,

 

 

 

 

表示不允許,一般與won't, can't 連用:

 

 

 

 

He had the light burning all night.他讓燈亮了一整夜。

 

 

 

 

I won't have you smoking at your age.我不能讓你在這個(gè)年紀(jì)就抽煙。

 

 

 

 

3have +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞。主要用法有:

 

 

 

 

1)表示請(qǐng)某人做某事(主語(yǔ)通常不參加):

 

 

 

 

We had the machine repaired.我們請(qǐng)人修了機(jī)器。

 

 

 

 

2)表示經(jīng)歷或遭遇(通常是違背主語(yǔ)意愿的):

 

 

 

 

I had my watch stolen.我的表被人偷去了。

 

 

 

 

3)表示完成或解決某事(主語(yǔ)也可能參加):

 

 

 

 

I've had all my mistakes corrected

 

 

 

 

我已把我所有的錯(cuò)誤都改正過(guò)來(lái)了。

 

 

 

 

4)表示拒絕或不允許發(fā)生某事(多與won't 連用):

 

 

 

 

We won't have anything said against the Party

 

 

 

 

我們不允許有人這樣攻擊黨。

74.你會(huì)用“make +賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞

 

 

 

 

    My spoken English is poorI can't make myself ____

 

 

 

 

Aunderstand        Bto understant

 

 

 

 

Cunderstanding      Dunderstood

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選D。容易誤選A,認(rèn)為句中的make 是使役動(dòng)詞,其后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用動(dòng)詞原形。但是從句意上看myself 與動(dòng)詞understand 具有被動(dòng)關(guān)系(動(dòng)賓關(guān)系),所以用過(guò)去分詞。如:

 

 

 

 

He shouted aloud so that he could make his voice heard

 

 

 

 

他大聲喊,以便讓別人聽(tīng)到他的聲音。

 

 

 

 

You must make yourself respected.你必須要讓別人尊重你。

 

 

 

 

We should make our views known.我們應(yīng)該要使我們的觀點(diǎn)讓別人知道。

 

 

 

 

比較以下“make +賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形的用法:

 

 

 

 

What made you think so?是什么使你這樣想的呢?

 

 

 

 

He made us stay to tea.他留我們吃茶點(diǎn)。

 

 

 

 

You may take a horse to the waterbut you can't make him drink

 

 

 

 

你可以把馬牽到水邊,但你不能讓它喝水(捆綁不成夫妻)。但是,不要將以上使役用法與以下各句(make 表示制造)相混淆:

 

 

 

 

He made some candles to give light.他做了些蠟燭來(lái)照明。

 

 

 

 

He made a large box to put his books in.他做了個(gè)大箱子來(lái)裝書(shū)。

 

 

 

 

75.注意這類動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+doing”結(jié)構(gòu)

 

 

 

 

  The salesman scolded the girl caught ____ and let her off

 

 

 

 

Ato have stolen         Bto be stealing

 

 

 

 

Cto steal               Dstealing

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選D。句中的 caught stealing 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ),修飾其前的名詞 the girl,可看作是定語(yǔ)從句 who was caught stealing的省略形式(注意這是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子),其中使用的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)是

 

 

 

 

catch sb doing sth(抓住某人或碰上某人在做某事)。又如:

 

 

 

 

He caught me smoking a cigarette.他抓住我抽煙。

 

 

 

 

The farmer caught the boy stealing his apples

 

 

 

 

農(nóng)夫抓住這個(gè)男孩偷他的蘋(píng)果。

 

 

 

 

類似以下結(jié)構(gòu)也須注意:

 

 

 

 

1find sb doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人在做某事:

 

 

 

 

We found the girl crying under the tree

 

 

 

 

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)女孩在樹(shù)下哭。

 

 

 

 

2see/hear/watch/observe sb doing sth

 

 

 

 

看見(jiàn)/聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/觀看/觀察某人在做某事:

 

 

 

 

He heard the girl singing in the next room

 

 

 

 

他聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)姑娘在隔壁房間唱歌。

 

 

 

 

試比較:

 

 

 

 

I saw her enter the shop.我看見(jiàn)她進(jìn)了商店(指全過(guò)程)。

 

 

 

 

I saw her entering the shop

 

 

 

 

我看見(jiàn)她在進(jìn)商店(指動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行)。

76.在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式中否定詞置于何處

 

 

 

 

     The patient was warned ____ oily food after the operation

 

 

 

 

Ato eat not          Beating not

 

 

 

 

Cnot to eat          Dnot eating

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選C。主要考察在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式中,否定詞的位置。一般說(shuō)來(lái),非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式只能在非謂詞動(dòng)詞之前加否定詞;若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括幾個(gè)詞(如是完成式、被動(dòng)式等),則只能在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)詞前加否定詞;so as to,in order to 等結(jié)構(gòu)的否定式,not只能放在不定式符號(hào)to 之前。 如:

 

 

 

 

1She pretended ____ me when I passed by

 

 

 

 

Anot to see       Bnot seeing

 

 

 

 

Cto not see       Dhaving not seen

 

 

 

 

2Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job

 

 

 

 

Aso not as to       Bso as not to

 

 

 

 

Cso as to not       Dnot so as to

 

 

 

 

3Mrs Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking

 

 

 

 

Anever to drive          Bto never drive

 

 

 

 

Cnever driving          Dnever drive

 

 

 

 

4 ____ a reply,he decided to write again

 

 

 

 

ANot receiving            BReceiving not

 

 

 

 

CNot having received      DHaving not received

 

 

 

 

答案:1A 2B 3A 4C

 

 

 

 

77.此題是考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞嗎

 

 

 

 

      ____ many times,but the boys still couldn't under- stand it

 

 

 

 

AHaving told         BThough he had been told

 

 

 

 

CHe was told        DHaving been told

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選A,D,考生從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中初看一眼便斷定此題是考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,這剛好落入了命題者設(shè)置的陷阱。做好此題的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于注意到句中的并列連詞but,因?yàn)樗拇嬖诰捅砻鬟@是一個(gè)并列句,所以前面應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子而不能是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

 

 

 

 

1 ____ ask the teacher if you have any questions

 

 

 

 

ADoing     BDo     CTo Do      DDone

 

 

 

 

2 ____ hard and you'll pass the college entrance examinations

 

 

 

 

AStudy    BStudying    CTo study    DStudied

 

 

 

 

3 ____ down the radio——the baby's asleep in the next room

 

 

 

 

ATurning   BTurn    CTurned    DTo turn

 

 

 

 

4On Saturday afternoonMrs Green went to the market,

 

 

 

 

________ some fruit and visited  her cousin

 

 

 

 

Abought    Bbuying    Cto Buy     Dbuy

 

 

 

 

5She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later

 

 

 

 

Aarriving             Bto arrive

 

 

 

 

Chaving arrived       Dand arrived

 

 

 

 

答案:1B 2A 3B 4A 5D

 

 

 

 

 

78succeed 后可接不定式或動(dòng)名詞嗎

    He succeeded ____ the job

 

 

 

 

Ato get    Bgetting   Cin getting    Dof getting

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選C。表示做某事成功,succeed 后既不能接不定式也不能接動(dòng)名詞,而應(yīng)接indoing)。如:

 

 

 

 

We succeeded in performing the task.我們成功地完成了任務(wù)。

 

 

 

 

I didn't succeed in my first lecture.我第一次演講沒(méi)有成功。

 

 

 

 

He succeeded in winningthe first prize

 

 

 

 

他成功地獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。

 

 

 

 

類似地,以下動(dòng)詞在通常情況下,其后既不接不定式也不接動(dòng)名詞。若意義上要接動(dòng)詞,要用介詞+ 動(dòng)名詞

 

 

 

 

insist on 堅(jiān)持 persist in 堅(jiān)持,繼續(xù) dream of 夢(mèng)想 concentrate on 專心于

 

 

 

 

他堅(jiān)持要同我們一起去。

 

 

 

 

正:He insisted on going with us

 

 

 

 

誤:He insisted going with us

 

 

 

 

誤:He insisted to go with us

 

 

 

 

他夢(mèng)想與科學(xué)家。

 

 

 

 

正:He dreamed of becoming a scientist

 

 

 

 

誤:He dreamed becoming a scientist

 

 

 

 

誤:He dreamed to become a scientist

 

 

 

 

他聚精會(huì)神地研究計(jì)劃。

 

 

 

 

正:He concentrated on studying the plan

 

 

 

 

誤:He concentrated studying the plan

 

 

 

 

誤:He concentrated to study the plan

 

 

 

 

79.你知道什么叫懸垂分詞嗎

 

 

 

 

     ____ the road,a car knocked him down

 

 

 

 

ACrossing                 BCrossed

 

 

 

 

CWhen he was crossing      DTo cross

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選C。其余均可能被誤選。分析如下:選項(xiàng)B 不對(duì),因?yàn)樗沁^(guò)去分詞,其后不應(yīng)有賓語(yǔ)。選項(xiàng)AD 不對(duì),因?yàn)樵摲侵^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致——構(gòu)成懸垂分詞。一般說(shuō)來(lái),作狀語(yǔ)用的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子主語(yǔ)保持一致,否則便是錯(cuò)句。比較:

 

 

 

 

為了通過(guò)考試,(他)每分鐘都用來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。

 

 

 

 

誤:To pass the exam,every minute was spent in studying

 

 

 

 

正:To pass the examhe spent every minute in studying

 

 

 

 

信讀了第二次之后,意思就更清楚了。

 

 

 

 

誤:Reading the letter a second time,the meaning became  clearer

 

 

 

 

正:Being read a second time,the letter became clearer in  meaning

 

 

 

 

狗叫得厲害,所以我把它放了出去。

 

 

 

 

誤:Barking madlyI led the dog out

 

 

 

 

正:Barking madly,the dog was let out

 

 

 

 

但是,在有些特殊的結(jié)構(gòu)(只有少數(shù)固定結(jié)構(gòu))中,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以沒(méi)有邏輯主語(yǔ):

 

 

 

 

Judging from[by]what he said,he was a cheat

 

 

 

 

從他說(shuō)的話來(lái)看,他就是個(gè)騙子。

80.可說(shuō)Yes,of,course,you could

 

 

 

 

   —Could I use your dictionary?

 

 

 

 

—Yes,of course you ____

 

 

 

 

Acan    Bcould     Cmight     Dmust

 

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選A。不要受問(wèn)句could 的影響而選B。用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(can,couldmay,might)表示許可,注意以下幾點(diǎn):

 

 

 

 

1.表示請(qǐng)求允許(即請(qǐng)求別人允許自己做某事),可用can=may),也可用could=might)。注意:若用could=might),并不表過(guò)去,而表現(xiàn)在,只是語(yǔ)氣較委婉。

 

 

 

 

2.表示給予允許(即自己允許別人做某事),一般只用can=may),而不能用couldmight

 

 

 

 

ACan[Could,MayMight]I use your phone?

 

 

 

 

我可以用一下你的電話嗎?

 

 

 

 

BYes,of course you can[may].(正)

 

 

 

 

BYes,of course you could[might].(誤)

 

 

 

 

3.但是在間接引語(yǔ)中的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞后,可用could,might

 

 

 

 

(此時(shí)為過(guò)去式)來(lái)表示給予的允許:

 

 

 

 

He said that I might[could]borrow his car

 

 

 

 

他說(shuō)我可以借他的車。

 

 

 

 

4.在過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中,could 可用來(lái)表示一般性的允許,但不能表示特定的允許:

 

 

 

 

When I was at homeI could watch TV whenever I wanted to

 

 

 

 

我在家時(shí),想哪時(shí)看電視就哪時(shí)看。

 

 

 

 

I was allowed to go there yesterday

 

 

 

 

昨天允許我去了那兒。(特定允許——不能用could

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

81.你知道was able to could 的區(qū)別嗎

 

 

 

     The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone ____get out

 

 

 

Ahad to    Bwould    Ccould     Dwas able to

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選 D。容易誤選 Ccould)。這里主要涉及 could was able to 的用法和區(qū)別:

 

 

 

1.表示過(guò)去一般性能力時(shí)(即某人想干什么就能干什么的能力),兩者都可用:

 

 

 

He could[was able to]run very fast when he was a boy

 

 

 

他小時(shí)候跑得很快。

 

 

 

2.表示過(guò)去特定的能力(即某人在某一具體場(chǎng)合做某事的能力,往往暗示經(jīng)過(guò)努力才具備的能力),通常用 waswereable to,也可用managed to do sth succeeded in doing sth,但是不能用could

 

 

 

他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,所以考試及了格。

 

 

 

正:He worked very hard and was able to[managed to]pass his examination

 

 

 

誤:He worked very hard and could pass his his examination.正因?yàn)榇嗽?,所以上面一題的答案用 was able to get out 而不用 could get out,因?yàn)榇祟}談及的是一種特定場(chǎng)合的具體能力。但值得注意的是,以上用法只適合于肯定句,若在否定句中,則可用 couldn't 代替 wasn't[weren't]able to

 

 

 

He worked hard but wasn't able to[couldn't]pass the exam

他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但考試卻未能及格。

 

 

 

82.表推測(cè)的can/could 有何區(qū)別

 

 

 

    —Do you believe what he says?

 

 

 

—Yes,it ____ be true

 

 

 

Acan    Bcould    Cneed    Dhas to

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選B。該題容易誤選A。下面談?wù)?/font>cancould 表示推測(cè)的有關(guān)用法:

 

 

 

1.表示理論上的可能性(即從理論上分析是可能的,但實(shí)際未必會(huì)發(fā)生),可用can(表現(xiàn)在)或could(表過(guò)去):

 

 

 

He is in poor healthHe can be ill at any time

 

 

 

他身體不好,隨時(shí)都可能會(huì)生病。

 

 

 

Even experts can make mistakes.即使是專家也可能會(huì)出差錯(cuò)。

 

 

 

My mother could be very unpleasant at times

 

 

 

我母親有時(shí)候會(huì)讓人非常不愉快。

 

 

 

2.表示現(xiàn)實(shí)可能性,這包含兩個(gè)方面的含義:一是指將來(lái)可能性,一是指現(xiàn)在的可能性,在這兩種用法中,通常都不用can,但可用 could(可以指現(xiàn)在,相當(dāng)于 may/might):

 

 

 

今年夏天我們可能要去日本。(將來(lái)可能性)

 

 

 

正:We could[may,might]go to Japan this summer

 

 

 

誤:We can go to Japan this summer

 

 

 

你可能是對(duì)的,但我不認(rèn)為你對(duì)。(現(xiàn)在可能性)

 

 

 

正:You could[maymight]be right,but I don't think you are

 

 

 

誤:You can be right,but I don't think you are

 

 

 

有時(shí)也用can 來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在的可能性,但那通常只限于否定句或疑問(wèn)

 

 

 

句中:It can't be true.那不可能是真的。

 

 

 

What can he possibly want?他可能會(huì)想要什么呢?

 

 

83.你會(huì)用“cancould +have +過(guò)去分詞

 

 

 

    I can't find him anywherehe ____ home

 

 

 

Acan go         Bcan have gone

 

 

 

Ccould go       Dcould have gone

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選D。首先,can 一般不用于肯定的推測(cè)用法中,從而排除A,B;另一方面,從句意上看,這應(yīng)該是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生動(dòng)作的推測(cè),所以只能用D。

 

 

 

can[could] +have +pp 的用法要注意:

 

 

 

1can +have +pp 主要用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句:

 

 

 

He can't have said so.他不可能這樣說(shuō)過(guò)。

 

 

 

Where can he have gone?他會(huì)上哪兒去了呢?

 

 

 

2could +have +pp 主要用于:

 

 

 

1)表示對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè),可用于肯定句、否定句或疑問(wèn)句,其意為可能

 

 

 

(已經(jīng))

 

 

 

He could have forgotten that.他可能把那事忘了。

 

 

 

Where could he have gone on such a night?

 

 

 

在那樣一個(gè)晚上他會(huì)到什么地方去了呢?

 

 

 

2)表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性(即某事本來(lái)可以發(fā)生,但卻沒(méi)有發(fā)生),意為本來(lái)可以

 

 

 

You could have given her some help.你本來(lái)可以給她些幫助的。

 

 

 

3)用來(lái)委婉地責(zé)備某人過(guò)去應(yīng)該做某事而沒(méi)有去做,意為本來(lái)應(yīng)該

 

 

 

You could have come here a little earlier.你本來(lái)應(yīng)該來(lái)早點(diǎn)的。

 

 

 

4)表示差點(diǎn)兒就要

 

 

 

I could have died laughing.我差點(diǎn)兒笑死了。

 

 

 

 

84.你會(huì)用“maymight +have +過(guò)去分詞

 

 

 

     You are late againYou ____ earlier

 

 

 

Amay come           Bmay have come

 

 

 

Cmight come          Dmight have come

 

 

 

此題應(yīng)選D。首先,從句意上看,此句談?wù)摰膽?yīng)該是過(guò)去的事,所以只能用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +動(dòng)詞完成式這樣的結(jié)構(gòu),從而排除A,C;另一方面,may +have +pp 通常只表示推測(cè)而不表示責(zé)備,而 might +have  +pp則既可以表推測(cè)也可以表責(zé)備,而此句的語(yǔ)境剛好是一種責(zé)備的語(yǔ)氣(你又遲到了,你本來(lái)可以來(lái)早的),所以只能選D。

 

 

 

1.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)用“may +動(dòng)詞原形;對(duì)過(guò)去的推測(cè)則用

 

 

 

“may +have +pp”(主要用于肯定或否定句):

 

 

 

It may rain tomorrow.明天可能下雨。

 

 

 

He may have said so.他也許這樣說(shuō)過(guò)。

 

 

 

They may not have known it before.他們以前可能不知道此事。

 

 

 

2.若是推測(cè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作也可用 may +be +doing

 

 

 

He may be waiting for us.他也許在等我們。

 

 

 

表示推測(cè)的may 一般都可以用might 代之(以上各例中表推測(cè)的may均可換為might,只是語(yǔ)氣不那么肯定。但是以下兩種情況通常要用might,而不用may

 

 

 

1.表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)沒(méi)有做某事進(jìn)行責(zé)備:

 

 

 

You might have helped her.你本來(lái)可以幫她的!

 

 

 

2.用于疑問(wèn)句:

 

 

 

Might this be true?這可能是真的嗎?

 

 

 

Might he have been waiting long?他可能已等了很久嗎?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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