元 釉里紅瓷器：
釉里紅瓷器創(chuàng)燒于元代。青花的呈色劑是氧化鈷，呈色穩(wěn)定；釉里紅的呈色劑是氧化銅，極易揮發(fā)，因此對(duì)窯室的燒成氣氛要求十分嚴(yán)格。元代景德鎮(zhèn)工匠創(chuàng)造性地將二者珠聯(lián)璧合地施于同一器物上。這一新的釉下彩品種的出現(xiàn)，是元代瓷器生產(chǎn)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的重要標(biāo)志。釉里紅瓷是瓷器中的一種釉下彩形式的產(chǎn)品，即為釉下的紅色。其工藝為用氧化銅在瓷器的胎體上繪制圖案，然后再施透明釉，在高溫下還原燒制而成。
Red Porcelain in Yuan Glaze:
The glazed red porcelain was first fired in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and whitecolor agent is cobalt oxide, stable color; glaze red color agent is copper oxide, volatile easily, so the firing atmosphere of the kiln is very strict. Jingdezhen craftsmen in the Yuan Dynasty creatively applied the two beads to the same object. The emergence of this new type of underglaze color is an important
symbol of technological progress in the production of porcelains in the Yuan Dynasty. Unglazed red porcelain is a kind of product in the form of underglaze color, that is, underglaze red. The process is to use copper oxide to draw patterns on the matrix of porcelain, then apply transparent glaze, and then reduce firing at high temperature.
一般認(rèn)為，釉里紅瓷成熟于明代，而到了清代之后，也有所發(fā)展。燒制釉里紅瓷器要求有較高的溫度，因此燒制成功并不容易，流傳至今的元代釉里紅瓷器也很少，可見它的珍貴性?？v觀元代釉里紅瓷器，胎體一般呈白灰色，釉面則是青白色，而燒制的器具表面往往有接痕或者削過的痕跡，底足露胎處多呈暗紅色，大多器物內(nèi)壁不施釉。元代開創(chuàng)的釉里紅瓷是難得的一種新品種，之所以這樣認(rèn)為，是因?yàn)樗哂羞@樣的特性：銅紅色料的性質(zhì)很不穩(wěn)定，對(duì)溫度的要求極高，溫度稍微有變化，便不會(huì)出現(xiàn)滿意的效果。與此同時(shí)，還原銅在高溫下容易揮發(fā)，容易流串或者融合，若溫度不適宜，便會(huì)前功盡棄。由于技術(shù)條件要求十分苛刻，因此，釉里紅的出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)是陶瓷史上的一次偉大創(chuàng)新。
It is generally believed that the glazed red porcelain matured in the Ming Dynasty and developed afterthe Qing Dynasty. Burning glazed red porcelain requires higher temperature, so it is not easy to succeed in firing. So far, there are few glazed red porcelain in Yuan Dynasty, which shows its preciousness. Throughout the Yuan Dynasty glazed red porcelains, the body is generally white-gray, the glaze is blue-white, and the surface of fired utensils often has traces of joints or scratches, the bottom of the bare tires are mostly dark red, most of the utensils are not glazed on the inner wall. The red enamel pioneered in the Yuan Dynasty is a rare new variety. The reason why we think so is that it has such characteristics: the nature of copper red is very unstable, the requirement for temperature is very high, and the temperature changes slightly, then there will be no satisfactory effect. At the same time, the reduced copper is easy to volatilize at high temperature and to flow or fuse. If the temperature is not suitable, the previous work will be discarded. Because of the strict technical requirements, the appearance of glaze red should be regarded as a great innovation in the history of ceramics.
2019年迪拜春季拍賣會(huì)封面——元 釉里紅鳳紋扁壺：
品名：元 釉里紅鳳紋扁壺
品類：瓷器
規(guī)格：帶蓋高21.5cm，口徑4cm，底價(jià)8cm，壺腹直徑17cm
估價(jià)：8000萬(wàn)HKD
拍賣會(huì)：2019年迪拜春季拍賣會(huì)（封面）
負(fù)責(zé)人：林靜186 .658 .10833
簡(jiǎn)介：
鳳：神鳥也。天老曰：“鳳之象也，鴻前麐後，蛇頸魚尾，鸛顙鴛思，龍文虎背，燕頷雞喙，五色備舉。出於東方君子之國(guó)，翺翔四海之外，過崐崘，飲砥柱，濯羽弱水，莫宿風(fēng)穴。見則天下大安寕。此扁壺直口，短頸，溜肩，圓形扁體，前有翹起的壺嘴，后安壺把。壺嘴塑成毛羽紛披的鳳頭，鳳首高昂，高雅貴氣；壺把塑成卷曲的鳳尾。與塑出的立體頭尾結(jié)合的鳳身是繪在圓形壺體的上部，兩翅垂至壺體兩側(cè)，在壺體下部則繪有盛開的纏枝牡丹。呈鳳穿牡丹之景像，鳳凰來(lái)舞,儀表非凡，加之白地釉里紅，艷麗脫俗。
The cover of the Spring Auction in Dubai in 2019 - Red Phoenix Flat Pot in the Glaze of Yuan Dynasty:
Name: Red Phoenix Flat Pot in Yuan Glaze
Category: Porcelain
Specifications:Cover height 21.5 cm, caliber 4 cm, base price 8 cm, ampulla diameter 17 cm
Valuation: 80 million HKD
Auction: Dubai Spring Auction 2019 (Cover)
Responsible
person: Lin Jing
Introduction:
Feng: The bird of God. The old man said, "The elephant of the phoenix,after the foot of Hongqian, snake-necked fish tail, partridge thought, dragon and tiger back, swallow-billed chicken beak, five colors to be picked up. Out of the kingdom of the Oriental gentleman, beyond the sea of Qixiang, he passed through the Yangzhang, drinking pillars, weak water in the Bauyu, and Mosu Feng Cave. See the world's great security. The flat pot has straight mouth, short neck, shoulder slippage, circular flat body, a raised spout in front and a handle in back. The spout is shaped into feathered Phoenix head, which is high and elegant; the handle is shaped into curly Phoenix tail. The Phoenix body combined with the three-dimensional head and tail is painted on the upper part of the round pot, with wings hanging to both sides of the pot, and on the lower part of the pot are painted with blooming twisted peony. Fengfeng wears peony. Phoenix dances with extraordinary appearance. In addition, the white glaze is red, gorgeous and refined.
注詞來(lái)源：2018年9月3號(hào)新加坡類似封面（元 青花鳳紋扁壺），2013年澳門中信春季拍賣會(huì)拍品（元 釉里紅鳳穿牡丹紋刻花扁壺），2013年澳門中信秋季拍賣會(huì)拍品（元 釉里紅云龍紋大口梅瓶）
Sources of Notes: Similar cover of Singapore on September 3, 2018 (phoenix flask with Yuanqingflowers), auction of spring auction of CITIC Macau in 2013 (red Phoenix with peony carved flask in Yuanglaze), auction of autumn auction of CITIC Macau in 2013 (plum flask with yuanglaze red cloud and dragon pattern in Yuanglaze)
元釉里紅基本特征：
元代瓷器在陶瓷裝飾歷史上有著一個(gè)劃時(shí)代意義。景德鎮(zhèn)元青花瓷的精美成熟讓人驚嘆，元代釉里紅伴著元青花瓷也放出異樣的光彩。元釉里紅的存世量稀少。元釉里紅是陶瓷裝飾歷史上重要發(fā)明之一。它為釉下銅紅彩繪，燒成難度大，特殊性強(qiáng)，因而有自身的裝飾特色。
The basic characteristics of Yuan glaze red:
Porcelain in Yuan Dynasty has a epoch-making significance inthe history of ceramic decoration. Jingdezhen Yuan Blue and White Porcelain's exquisite maturity is amazing, Yuan Dynasty glaze red accompanied by Yuan Blue and White Porcelain also gives out unusual brilliance. Red in the glaze of Yuan Dynasty is scarce in existence. Yuan glaze red is one of the important inventions in the history of ceramic decoration. It is a copper red color painting under glaze. It is difficult to firing and has strong particularity, so it has its own decorative characteristics.
深圳永煊文化發(fā)展公司擁有國(guó)際的藝術(shù)品交易中心，坐落于珠三角地區(qū)位于深圳市南山區(qū)最繁華的商貿(mào)中心。是廣東金融地區(qū)一家經(jīng)工商及文化部門核準(zhǔn)注冊(cè)，具有文化藝 術(shù)品鑒定、評(píng)估、展覽、銷售、保管、交流、交易與拍賣的大型藝術(shù)品運(yùn)營(yíng)公司，公司是大陸為香港，澳門，美國(guó)，德國(guó)，英國(guó)等授權(quán)直屬征集處，旨 在服務(wù)中國(guó)文化藝術(shù)行業(yè)，為廣大藏友打造全新的，安全可靠的交易平臺(tái)。
公司現(xiàn)擁有一支高層次，高素質(zhì)的專家隊(duì)伍。具有豐富的藝術(shù)品鑒定評(píng)估及市場(chǎng)運(yùn)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)。永煊文化力求打造自我百年品牌，與海內(nèi)外藝術(shù)品運(yùn)營(yíng)商及多家國(guó)際知名單位通力合作，共享資源，確保運(yùn)營(yíng)藝術(shù)品的高價(jià)成交。立足今日，永煊文化將憑借深厚的專業(yè)知識(shí)，豐富的運(yùn)作經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及龐大的客戶資源，服務(wù)社會(huì)。堅(jiān)定不移地傳承和發(fā)揚(yáng)中華文明;促進(jìn)古今藝術(shù)品交流與交易，引領(lǐng)中國(guó)廣大收藏愛好者走向藝術(shù)品交易世界的康莊大道。
Shenzhen Yongxuan Cultural Development Co., Ltd. has an international art trading center, located inthe Pearl River Delta region, the busiest commercial and Trade Center in Nanshan District of Shenzhen. It is a large-scale art operation company approved and registered by the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Culture in Guangdong financial region. It has the functions of appraisal, evaluation, exhibition, sale, storage, exchange, trading and auction of cultural and artistic works. The company is a authorized collection office directly under the mainland of Hong Kong, Macao, the United States, Germany and the United Kingdom, aiming at serving the Chinese cultural and artistic industry and creating a brand-new brand for Tibetan friends. Secure and reliable trading platform.
The company nowhas a high-level, high-quality team of experts. Has rich experience in artwork appraisal and market operation. Yongxuan Culture strives to build its own 100-year brand, cooperates with art operators at home and abroad and a number of internationally renowned units to share resources and ensure high-priced trading of art works. Based on today, Yongxuan Culture will serve the society with its profound professional knowledge, rich operational experience and huge customer resources. We will unswervingly inherit and carry forward the Chinese civilization, promote the exchange and trade of ancient and modern works of art, and lead the vast number of Chinese collectors to the grand road of art trading world.
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