高三英語(yǔ)精品復(fù)習(xí)資料：
英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)
【命題趨向】
短文改錯(cuò)是一項(xiàng)主要測(cè)試考生的判斷能力，觀察能力、糾錯(cuò)能力語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)及語(yǔ)言的綜合運(yùn)用能力。
短文改錯(cuò)的趨勢(shì)：
1.改錯(cuò)短文以記敘文和說(shuō)明文為主 。
2.文章內(nèi)容貼近學(xué)生生活，沒(méi)有生僻詞匯和復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，文章簡(jiǎn)單易懂，錯(cuò)誤設(shè)置也很簡(jiǎn)單，多為學(xué)生平常作文中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。
3.短文一般100詞左右，錯(cuò)誤有9處。
4.常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)有三種:錯(cuò)詞、多詞、 缺詞。錯(cuò)詞占60%左右
【錯(cuò)誤類(lèi)型】
1. 錯(cuò)詞 2. 多詞 3. 缺詞 4. 正錯(cuò)
錯(cuò)詞 | 多詞 | 缺詞 | 正錯(cuò) | |
2007年全國(guó)卷I | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2007年全國(guó)卷 II | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
2007年陜西卷I | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
【考點(diǎn)透視】
一．錯(cuò)詞的熱點(diǎn)
1． 動(dòng)詞—時(shí)態(tài) 語(yǔ)態(tài) 非謂語(yǔ) ；主謂關(guān)系。
2． 聯(lián)系詞—關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞；連詞；連接詞。
3． 名詞—可數(shù)名詞 、不可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名字的單復(fù)數(shù)變化。
4． 介詞—介詞和動(dòng)詞的搭配錯(cuò)誤。
5． 形容詞/副詞—詞類(lèi)錯(cuò)用。
6． 冠詞—定冠詞和不定冠詞的錯(cuò)用。
7． 代詞—人稱(chēng)代詞；物主代詞；反身代詞。
8． 慣用法—固定句型，固定短語(yǔ)。
二．多詞和缺詞熱點(diǎn)
1. 冠詞
2.介詞
3.副詞
4.代詞
5.關(guān)聯(lián)詞
6.小品詞 to
【短文改錯(cuò)主要特點(diǎn)】
1. 語(yǔ)言材料取自于學(xué)生的習(xí)作。
2. 短文為貼近學(xué)生生活的話(huà)題或?qū)W生身邊事。
3. 短文難度符合學(xué)生水平。
4. 語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)單易懂。
5. 沒(méi)有生僻的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象或繁難的語(yǔ)句結(jié)構(gòu)。
【例題解析】
一．錯(cuò)詞
1.動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：
（1） 時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致的錯(cuò)誤。
【1】整體時(shí)態(tài)：
*Then I ask him “Grandma, how come you have so much lines on your hand”
全文為故事，故ask改為asked。
*High over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon.The hole became bigger and bigger.
全篇使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，故改discover- -discovered
【2】主謂一致
*Having fun with their friends make them happy.
動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式makes。
*But the most wonderful thing about jack were his musical ability。
主語(yǔ)為the most wonderful thing 故此，系詞為was
*But not all information are good to society.
主語(yǔ)不可數(shù)，所以動(dòng)詞用is。
（2.）動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤：
*In American big cities, thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.(buy)
根據(jù)句子意思，數(shù)千人買(mǎi)票去看比賽。故sell改為 buy。
（3）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
【1】動(dòng)名詞錯(cuò)誤
*I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future.(seeing)
解析：to 為介詞，故此see改為seeing
* Not only play football makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
解析：主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為動(dòng)名詞，故play football改為playing football
【2】現(xiàn)在分詞
*The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming down.
解析：分詞做定語(yǔ)，故keeps 改為keeping
*I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.
解析：with a light shone 改為with a light shining。a light和shining為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
【3】不定式
*I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.(become)
解析：help sb do sth 故改becoming為 become
*He did not want share things with others.
解析：want to share sth. want后可跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)。
【4】過(guò)去分詞
*I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.
解析：have sth done, some records和give是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故改為given。
2．連詞錯(cuò)誤：
*I came into the living room and saw one of them just go through the kitchen door but turn on the light.
解析：根據(jù)句意，“我看到他們中的一個(gè)人走進(jìn)廚房，并且打開(kāi)燈。”兩個(gè)分句子之間是并列關(guān)系。故改but為and
*We would return at night to hear that he`d picked up from the radio in the day.
解析：考查賓語(yǔ)從句，pick up 缺賓語(yǔ)，故改that 為what
*The classes helped me understand what the world works
解析：根據(jù)句子意思，“這些課程有助于我了解世界是怎么運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的”故改what 為how。
*He was silent for a moment. So he answered slowly: “Each of these lines stands for a trouble”
解析：根據(jù)句子意思，So 改為 Then/And
3.形容詞/副詞錯(cuò)用：
*You always gave me specially attention.
解析：名詞應(yīng)該被形容詞special修飾。
*It is real a good chance to have met all of you here.
解析：副詞really修飾系詞，故改real為really。
*My hometown has taken on a new look.How great it has changed !
解析：great修飾動(dòng)詞，故改為：greatly
4.冠詞錯(cuò)誤：
*This is my first visit to a American family.(an)
解析：American 第一個(gè)音標(biāo)的音素是元音，故用an.
*Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team.
解析：有定語(yǔ)修飾，the特指captain.
*Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
解析：固定搭配catch sight of.故此去掉冠詞a。
5.代詞錯(cuò)誤：
【1】反身代詞
*I just smiled to me and thought, …
解析：主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)相同，故此me—myself 。
【2】形容詞性物主代詞
*Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interesting.(his --their)
解析：主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)復(fù)數(shù)，因此try one`s best
【3】it/that/them /us
*I thought that was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball to each other.
解析：that不可以做形式主語(yǔ)，故改為it。
*It was about noon when we arrived at the foot of the mountain.The three of them were very excited.前后人稱(chēng)錯(cuò)誤。故此改them為us.
6.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)和名詞的所有格的錯(cuò)誤
*She marked strictly on student`s performance.(students`)
解析：根據(jù)句意，學(xué)生們的表演，故改為students` performance
*Physics is one of the most difficult subject for us (subjects )
解析：one of說(shuō)明后面為復(fù)數(shù)形式。
*We practice three times every week and often watch football match on TV together.
解析：常?？幢荣?，故此match改為matches.
* I have no papers to write on.
解析：紙不可數(shù)，所以改為paper
7.介詞錯(cuò)誤
*He left
解析：一天的部分被修飾時(shí)，介詞用on,
*I am a new comer of a small town.
解析：根據(jù)句子意思，來(lái)自一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)come from a small town.
* I was caught by the rain last night
解析：固定短語(yǔ)be caught in the rain 遇上雨。
8.語(yǔ)意錯(cuò)誤
*Thousands sell tickets to watch football or basketball games.
解析：句子意思：數(shù)千人賣(mài)掉票去看足球或者籃球比賽。故此錯(cuò)誤，sell—buy
*Not all people like to work and everyone like to play.
解析：句子意思：并非所有的人都喜歡工作，并且所有的人喜歡玩。語(yǔ)意錯(cuò)誤，應(yīng)該為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，and—but
二．多余詞
多詞一般為：冠詞/連詞/介詞/系詞be 助詞等。
【1】連詞多余：
*They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early in the morning.
解析：連詞多余，故此去掉 (that)，原句是狀語(yǔ)從句。
【2】介詞多余：
*The crowd waiting for to greet them in
解析：沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)，所以去掉for。
【3】冠詞多余：
*Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
解析：固定短語(yǔ)，catch sight of :偶然看見(jiàn)。
【4】系詞/助詞多余：
*My mother was asked : “Have you taken medicine ?”
解析：根據(jù)句意，是媽媽問(wèn)：故為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
三：缺詞
缺詞一般為：冠詞/連詞/介詞/系詞be 助詞/
【1】缺介詞
*He was looking for a glass ^the cupboard (in)
解析：根據(jù)句意，in the cupboard 做狀語(yǔ)。
【2】缺冠詞
*However, the popular teacher is at^ same time the one who should be strict with students.(the)
解析：形容詞same 和the 搭配使用,故給same前加 the。
【3】缺連接詞
*In one class, I learned^ it rained (why)
解析：根據(jù)句子意思可知，缺連接詞，句意為：“在一節(jié)課上，我知道了下雨的原因”。
【4】缺系詞
*What ^your favorite sport ? (is)
解析：句子中缺系詞，在What加is.
【專(zhuān)題訓(xùn)練與高考預(yù)測(cè)】
此題要求改正所給短文中的錯(cuò)誤對(duì)標(biāo)有題號(hào)的每一行做出判斷，如無(wú)錯(cuò)誤，在刻行右邊橫線(xiàn)上畫(huà)一個(gè)勾（√）；如有錯(cuò)誤（每行只有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤），則按下列情況改正；該行多一個(gè)詞：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)（）劃掉，在該行在邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該詞，并也用斜線(xiàn)劃掉。
該行缺一詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出該加的詞。
該行錯(cuò)一個(gè)詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下面劃一橫線(xiàn)，在該行右邊橫線(xiàn)上寫(xiě)出改正后的詞
注意：原行沒(méi)能錯(cuò)的不要改
Passage 1
Miss
Guan Qi, a 21-years-old college student from
in Sanya,
were tested on their write ability, English skills, 5._______
team-work and generally knowledge. Miss Guan Qi 6._______
impressed the judges who present with her excellent 7._______
replies during the question or answer section. She will 8._______ represent(代表) Chinese in the final of Miss World 9._______
to be holding in Sanya on December 6. 10._______
Passage 2
Today I showed some foreign friend around our city. 1.________
We started off in car from the Friendship Hotel at 8:
We first got to
beautiful flowers on show. Then, we visited the
We saw plenty of valuable things, from that we learned a lot 5.______
about the city. After that, they drove to
a beautiful place of interest in our city, but there we enjoyed 7._______
the wonderfully scenery of the sea. We had a delicious lunch at the 8._______
seafood Restaurant and we returned back at noon..All the foreign 9.______
friends were pleased with my arrangement. We did have the 10_____
wonderful time today.
Passage 3
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1______
Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2______
English.My pronunciation was terribly.I could 3_____
only speak a few words.But one and a half year later, 4_____
I now think English fun to learn.I got a lot from your 5____
encouraging words.I will always remember what you 6.____
said, “If you try to, you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve 7____
had pleasant journey home and will come to china 8_____
again sometimes in the future.I will write again 9_____
and send you the photos we take together 10______
passage 4
There are advantage for students to work while 1_____
Studying at school.One of them was that 2_____
they can earn money.For the most part, 3______
students working to earn money for their own 4____
use.Earning their own money allow them 5 _____
to spend on anything as if they please. 6_____
they would have to ask their parents for 7____
money or for permission to do things by 8 ____
the money.Some students may also to save 9____
up for our college or future use. 10______
passage 5
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 1___
Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in 2_____
English.My pronunciation was terribly.I could 3____
only speak a few words.But one and a half year later, 4____
I now think English fun to learn.I got a lot from your 5___
encouraging words.I will always remember what you 6____
said, “If you try to, you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve ___
had pleasant journey home and will come to china ___
again sometimes in the future.I will write again 9____
and send you the photos we take together 10____
passage 6
Dear Anish,
Here are the information about
It is about 200 miles far away from
has a very big schoolyard.You can live in the school 3____
or near the school.They have all sorts of course.4___ ___
I`m sure you will find one you like it.I know you 5___
are particular interested in human rights.So I will 6____
see that there is anything on their website 7____
I will send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport 8____
when you arrived.You met him a few years ago, but he 9___
has changed a lot since then.Both your aunt or I look 10___
forward to seeing you again.
passage 7
Dear Ralph,
I’m a senior student. I have be in love with a boy 1______
for three years.
But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2._______
to express my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3______
he said, “We are students. Our task is study. Let us wait 4________
to see until we have any chance after graduation.” So 5. ______
after graduation I called to him, asking him about 6.________
go out. But he said he didn’t want to. He just 7. ________
wanted to sleep and watched TV. 8. _______
What do you think I should do? Do you think 9.______
I should continue to love him and give up? 10______
Sheila
Passage 8
My hometown is a pretty city, so people there 1._____________
are kind and polite.With coming of spring, grass and 2. _____________
trees turn green, and flowers grew in many colors. 3 ______________
In summer, the sea under the blue sky is even more 4 ______________
beautiful.After autumn arrives, the city looks as 5. _____________
an old man with leaves fallen from the trees.In winter, 6. _____________
a lot of white birds come to my city for food.I can 7. _____________
wait more patiently above the sea for quite a long 8. ______________
time.While they find fish coming to the surface, 9. _____________
they fly down immediate and catch them without 10. ______________
delay.That is my city, and I love it so much.
passage 9
Dear doctor,
My name is Wang Lin. I’m a middle school student.I have
a problem and I’m writing to ask you for some advices. 1._________
I’m just 1.57 meters high, and my weight is 71 kilos.Many 2.__________
Students often make fun me.Some boys are unfriendly to me. 3._________
They called me “ Meat Ball”. That makes me feel unhappy. 4._________
I’m now worry about my weight. Though I am a bit too fat, I 5.__________
feel rather good. I enjoy my meals. I love eating meat very 6._________
much. And I like sweet food, either. I often have sugar with 7._________
tea, milk, porridge, and even hot water. In the past two months 8._________
I have put off 5 kilos. I’m worried about this problem, 9.__________
but I don’t know what to lose weight quickly. Please help me, 10_________
dear doctor!I hope to hear from you as soon as possible.
With best wishes,
Wang Lin
Passage 10
Women，present and ancient， at the home and 1．______
abroad,wear long hair,that adds to their beauty．But few 2．______
people realize it affects her brains．Hair grows constantly． 3．______
It takes in nourishment(營(yíng)養(yǎng)) constantly．If it was short 4．______
of nourishment,it’ll die and falls off．Body supplies hair with 5．______
nourishment,it can’t be stopped even in a minutes．If it takes in 6．______
too many,that means hair has already used too much 7．______
nourishment which body gives it to the head．As time passes， 8．______
brain is relatively short of nourishment．It leads dizziness 9．______
(頭昏)．Therefore one’s brains will be weakened． 10．______
Passage 11
It’s easy to go downhill than to climb uphill：so it’s 1．____
easier to fall into bad habits than into good one 2．____
Bad habits don’t come suddenly．It come little by 3．____
little．Schoolboys first picks up a little in school and on 4．____
the streets．When they cannot write their homework， they 5．____
copy from their schoolmate．If they see bigger boys 6．____
smoking， they also want learn to smoke．When they 7．____
get bigger， the habits become stronger or 8．____
stronger， so that they can not longer get rid of 9．____
them．What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad 10．____
habits in the beginning！
Passage 12
Fred and I haven’t many in common. I sometimes 1. __________
wonder why we were friends at all. Fred is 2. __________
always busy make things. Everything he makes is 3. __________
so perfect that I sometime feel envy at his skill. 4. __________
My trouble is that I’m one of those lazy people. 5. __________
Outside my work at the office, the only thing which 6. __________
interests me is listening to the music. I have a 7. __________
big collection of records but all day long the 8. __________
only thing I can think is when I’m going to 9. __________
get home listen to a new piece. 10. __________
passage 13
Mary was an university student. She didn’t have much 1 ____
money and her parents were not rich, and she had an uncle 2. ____
who had been fortunately enough to collect great wealth. 3. ____
He always give her valuable Christmas and birthday presents. 4. ____
When her uncle’s birthday came round, Mary wanted buy him 5. ____
something really special, but because she was rich, she did not 6. ____
know how to get him. She went into the best shop in her 7. ____
town and explained what her problem was to one of helpful 8. ____
shop assistants. Finally she asked, “What do you have for 9. ____
someone who has already got everything he wants or needs. 10
The assistant sighed deeply and answered, “Envy, only envy.”
Pasasage14
As the world enters the 21st century, the development in the 1 _____
science and technology will bring us much more new hopes and 2_____
chance we`ve never imagined before.People are hoping have 3_____
a peacefully and highly developed world.To catch up with 4_____
the new development and to be success in the new century the 5____
younger generation is required to have different kind of skills 6____
and abilities, such like the computer science and the English 7____
language.Otherwise one will be left behind.Young people should 8____
study even hard at school and prepare themselves mentally 9____
and physically to meet with the challenge of the new century 10____
Passage 15
Mark Twain was born in a small town of
twelve years old, his father died.Late he became a river boat pilot.2_____
Mark Twain was her pen name.During the American Civil War 3_____
He worked as a reporter and write a lot of stories.Gradually he 4____
made his mark and his work were popular.He became one of the 5_____
best known writer of the 19th century in the U.S.A.In his life 6____
Mark Twain wrote the number of stories and novels, on which 7____
“Adventure of Tom Sawyer” is the most famous one.His writings 8____
have been translated to many other languages, and they are 9_____
deeply love by the readers all over the world. 10 ___
【參考答案】
KEY:1
1. 21-years-old -----21-year-old 2. had won -------won3. √ 4. ∧judged------ being 5. written------ writing 6. generally----- general 7.去掉 who 或 who ∧ ---were 8. or -----and
9. Chinese---- China 10. holding---- held
KEY 2
1.friend-friends 2.in –by 3.are—were 4right 5.that—which 6.they-we 7.but—and 8.wondefully—wonderful 9 back/ 10 the—a
KEY 3
1.with—for 2.not—no 3 terribly—terrible 4. years—years 5. is 6
Right 7. /to
KEY 4
There are advantage for students to work while ___ advantages
Studying at school.One of them was that is
they can earn money.For the most part,
students working to earn money for their own work
use.Earning their own money allow them allows
to spend on anything as if they please.╱if
they would ∧ have to ask their parents for not
money or for permission to do things by with
the money.Some students may also to save /to
up for our college or future use. their
KEY 5
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing to thank you with your kind help. for
Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in no
English.My pronunciation was terribly.I could terrible
only speak a few words.But one and a half year later, years
I now think English ∧fun to learn.I got a lot from your is
encouraging words.I will always remember what you right
said, “If you try to, you can be No 1 !”I hope you`ve /to
had ∧pleasant journey home and will come to china a
again sometimes in the future.I will write again sometime
and send you the photos we take together took
KEY 6
Dear Anish,
Here are the information about
It is about 200 miles far away from
has a very big schoolyard.You can live in the school__right__
or near the school.They have all sorts of course.___courses___
I`m sure you will find one you like it.I know you __it__
are particular interested in human rights.So I will ___particularly__
see that there is anything on their website ___if/whether__
I will send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport _to___
when you arrived.You met him a few years ago, but he __arrive_
has changed a lot since then.Both your aunt or I look __and_
forward to seeing you again.
Key 7
Dear Ralph,
I’m a senior student. I have be in love with a boy 1 been
for three years.
But he is a shy boy, so I wrote him a letter firstly 2. first
to express my feeling. And he wrote back. In his letter 3. feelings
he said, “We are students. Our task is study. Let us wait 4. to/studying
to see until we have any chance after graduation.” So 5. if / whether
after graduation I called to him, asking him about 6. to
go out. But he said he didn’t want to. He just 7. going
wanted to sleep and watched TV. 8. watch
What do you think I should do? Do you think 9. √
I should continue to love him and give up? 10 . or
Sheila
Key 8
1. so-- and 2. the coming 3. grew--- grow 4. right 5. as--like 6 fallen--falling7. I--They 8. 去掉more 9. While—When 10.immediate---immediately
Key 9
1 advices –advice 2 and—but 3of 4 called –call 5 worry—worried 6 good –well 7 either –too 8 right 9 off –on 10 what –how
Key 10
1．去掉the 2．that─which 3．her─their4．was─is 5．falls─fall 6．minutes--minute
7．many─much 8．去掉it 9 lead后加to10．√
Key 11
1．Easy--easier 2．(one)-ones 3．It--They 4．picks-pick 5．right 6．Schoolmate-schoolmates 7．to learn93．or--and 9.not--no 10．What-How
Key 12
1) many--much 2) were--are 3) make -- making 4) sometime--sometimes 5) right 6) which – that 7)去掉 the 8) but -- and 9) think 后加about10) listen 前加to
Key 13
1.an—a 2 and—but 3 fortunately—fortunate 4 give—gave 5to buy 6.she—he 7how-what8the helpful.9 assistant -- assistants 10 right
Key 14
1.in the science –in science 2.much—many 3.hoping to 4.peacefully-peacful 5.success—successful 6.kind—kinds 7.like—as 8 right 9 hard—harder 10去掉 with
Key 15
1is—was 2 Late-later 3.her—his 4.write—wrote 5 work—works 6.writer—writers
7.the—a 8.right 9 to—into 10.loved
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