疑問1：
雙重定語從句和嵌入式定語從句的意義不同，不可以做同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
She's the only girl I know who can play the guitar. 雙重定語從句。
她是我認(rèn)識的女孩中唯一會彈吉它的。know在本句意為“認(rèn)識”。即我認(rèn)識該女孩。
She's the only girl who I know can play the guitar.
她是唯一會彈吉它的女孩，我知道她會彈吉它。know在本句為“知道”，我知道女孩會彈吉它，我并不一定認(rèn)識她。
以上二個(gè)句子意義不同，不可隨意轉(zhuǎn)換。
你改寫的這個(gè)句子：She has an adopted child she says who was an orphan. 結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。不可接受。
疑問2
She has an adopted child who she says was an orphan.
who she says was an orphan 為嵌入式關(guān)系分句。其中關(guān)系分句為who was an orphan. 關(guān)系分句在she says這個(gè)分句中充當(dāng)賓語從句。即she says這個(gè)分句包含了關(guān)系分句在內(nèi)。關(guān)系分句被嵌入到she says這個(gè)分句中。所以將這種關(guān)系分句稱為嵌入式關(guān)系分句。這是現(xiàn)代語法的分析。
按照傳統(tǒng)語法術(shù)語，我重述一遍：
who she says was an orphan 這個(gè)定語從句本身是個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，主句為she says, who was an orphan為says的賓語從句。關(guān)系代詞并不是在定語從句的主句中作成分，而是在定語從句的賓語從句中作了主語。這樣的定語從句就叫做嵌入式定語從句，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞所充當(dāng)成分的分句 (who was an orphan) 被嵌入到另一個(gè)分句（she says)中了。
This debate was relayed on the Third programme which I had no idea anyone listened to at all.
which anyone listened to at all為關(guān)系分句，該分句被嵌入I had no idea這個(gè)分句中，充當(dāng)idea的同位語從句。
即關(guān)系代詞which在I had no idea后的同位語從句中作listened to的賓語。而不是在I had no idea這個(gè)分句本身中作成分。I had no idea 大約等于I didn't know. 如果改為I didn't know, 則which anyone listened to at all就是know的賓語從句了。章振邦對此句說明不夠充分。
非常感謝曹老師精彩的解答。
我有兩個(gè)自己不是太懂的地方。
第一處地方：She's the only girl I know who can play the guitar. 與She's the only girl who I know can play the guitar. 這兩句不同之處，您講解的非常好，我語感不行（自學(xué)這么久）還是未能分辨出兩者的區(qū)別，可否曹老師不厭其煩再往深處講解一下。
同時(shí)She has an adopted child she says who was an
第二處地方：你說的She says這個(gè)分句和I had no idea這個(gè)分句，其實(shí)就是指She says......結(jié)構(gòu)和 I had no idea.......結(jié)構(gòu)對吧？I had no idea 大約等于I didn't know. 如果改為I didn't know, 則which anyone listened to at all就是know的賓語從句了，我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該再加上一句：同時(shí)關(guān)系代詞which也是listened to的賓語。
1 She's the only girl I know who can play the guitar.
I know many girls. Only one of them can play the guitar. She is that girl.
這個(gè)女孩是我認(rèn)識的、熟悉的。我認(rèn)識的所有女孩中，她是唯一一個(gè)會彈吉他的。
2 She's the only girl who I know can play the guitar.
I know that only one girl can play the guitar. She is that girl.
我只知道有一個(gè)女孩會彈吉他。但我并不一定認(rèn)識她或了解她（除了知道她會彈吉他）。她就是那個(gè)女孩。
同時(shí)She has an adopted child she says who was an
She has an adopted child 是個(gè)主謂賓完整的句子，和she says之間既沒有并列標(biāo)記，也沒有從屬標(biāo)記。這就是百分之百的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)構(gòu)。并且，she says后應(yīng)該接從句，who從句是什么從句呢？she says和前面沒有連接，和后面也沒有連接。所以是嚴(yán)重結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。
關(guān)系代詞which是listened to的賓語，這是不言而喻的。我還需要再說出來嗎？我是在解釋'嵌入式“的含義。關(guān)系代詞作何成分應(yīng)該不需要再涉及了，不是嗎？
我再補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)語法中有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為she says, I had no idea是定語從句中的插入語。這種觀點(diǎn)是比較粗糙、過于簡單、難以解釋所有此類定語從句的。受這種觀點(diǎn)的影響，有些人在理解現(xiàn)代語法術(shù)語”嵌入式關(guān)系分句“時(shí)，會誤以為she says, I had no idea是嵌入分句，嵌入到關(guān)系分句里了。這是對現(xiàn)代語法中的嵌入式關(guān)系分句的曲解。根據(jù)現(xiàn)代語法，關(guān)系分句嵌入到she says這個(gè)分句中，作了這個(gè)分句中的一個(gè)成分，所以關(guān)系分句是嵌入分句，she says是被嵌入的。
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