一、when“當(dāng)……時”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,從句用于表示主句動作發(fā)生的特定時間。如:
The days get longer when spring comes. =When spring comes, the days get longer.
春天到來時,白天變得更長了。
二、before“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前。如:
Close the door before you leave the room.
離開房間前關(guān)上門。
三、after“在……之后”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。如:
I went to school after I finished mybreakfast.
吃完早飯后我就去上學(xué)了。
四、assoon as“一……就……”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,表示主句動作緊接著從句動作發(fā)生。如:
I’ll call you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就給你打電話。
五、until,till“直到”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時,主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞時,主句要用否定形式,即“not…until/till…”意為“直到……才……”。如:
I’ll wait here until/till the rain stops.
我將在這里等著,直到雨停。
You can’t go home until/till you finishyour work.
直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家。
下面再向大家透露點(diǎn)兒內(nèi)幕消息,狀語從句的兩手絕活——時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)和從句的位置。請看:
一、時態(tài)呼應(yīng)
一般來講,復(fù)合句都要遵循主、從句時態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)律,狀語從句也不例外。即主句用現(xiàn)在時,從句也用現(xiàn)在時;主句用過去時,從句也用過去的某種時態(tài)。如:
Be careful when you cross the road.
過馬路時要小心。
You must see the doctor if you are ill.
如果你生病了,你必須去看醫(yī)生。
主句是一般過去時,從句也要用一般過去時。如:
When he was seven years old, he could swim.
當(dāng)他七歲時就會游泳。
She turned off the light before she leftthe office.
她離開辦公室前就關(guān)了燈。
二、主從句的位置。
大多數(shù)情況下,從句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。不過從句在前時,主從句之間必須用逗號隔開。如:
Please tell me when he comes back. = Whenhe comes back, please tell me.
說到when引導(dǎo)的從句"data-id="link-to-so">時間狀語從句,不得不提起as和while
一、when可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用,也可以和短暫性動詞連用;而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用。
① Whydo you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動詞)對不起,你打電話時我剛好外出了。
③Strikewhile the iron is hot.(is為延續(xù)性動詞,表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。
④ Thestudents took notes as they listened.(listen為延續(xù)性動詞)學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。
二、when從句的謂語動詞可以在主句謂語動作之前、之后或同時發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語動作必須是和主句謂語動作同時發(fā)生。
1.從句動作在主句動作前發(fā)生,只用 when。
①Whenhe had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會兒。
②When Igot to the airport,theguests had left.(gotto后發(fā)生)當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場時,客人們已經(jīng)離開了。
2.從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生,且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時,when,while,as都可使用。
①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時,一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來。
②When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make為延續(xù)性動詞)當(dāng)她在打電話時,我正在寫信。
3.當(dāng)主句、從句動作同時進(jìn)行,從句動作的時間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時,只能用 as。這時,as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。
① Asthe time went on,theweather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)
② Theatmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.隨著高度的增加,大氣越來越稀薄。
③Asyears go by,Chinais getting stronger and richer.隨著時間一年一年過去,中國變得越來越富強(qiáng)了。
④Thelittle girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。
⑤Thesad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.傷心的媽媽坐在路邊,邊哭邊叫。
4.在將來時從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時代替將來時。
①Youshall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后,你可以借閱。
②Whenthe manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,經(jīng)理來這參觀時,我會和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/span>
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly/ Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I hadhardly /scarcelyclosed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼,就有人在敲門了。
②I hadhardly /scarcelyentered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcelyhad I entered my room when the telephone rang.我剛一走進(jìn)房門,電話就響了
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