時間狀語從句-用法
時間狀語從句1.由when, while, as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.當你以為自己一無所知的時候，你就是在開始知道一些事物了。
When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.當真理被埋在地下的時候，它在生長，它感到壓抑，它蓄存著這么一種爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就會炸破一切！
注意：when, while和as的區(qū)別：when引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。并且when有時表示“就在那時”。
When she came in, I stopped eating.她進來時，我在吃飯。
When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.當?shù)淖≡谵r(nóng)村時，我常常為他擔(dān)水。
We were about to leave when he came in.我們就要離開，就在那時他進來了。
While引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動作必須是延續(xù)性的，并強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生（或者相對應(yīng)）。并且while有時還可以表示對比。
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延續(xù)性的動詞，was reading和was watching同時發(fā)生)
I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。
As表示“一邊……一邊”，as引導(dǎo)的動作是延續(xù)性的動作，一般用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生；as也可以強調(diào)“一先一后。
We always sing as we walk.我們總是邊走邊唱。
As we was going out, it began to snow.當我們出門時，開始下雪了。（as強調(diào)句中兩個動作緊接著先后發(fā)生，而不強調(diào)開始下雪的特定時間）
2.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。注意before引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定式的謂語，并且當before引導(dǎo)的從句位于主句之后，有時譯成“就，才”。還要注意主句和從句之間的時間關(guān)系。當主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時，則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。After表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。主句和從句的動作的時間關(guān)系正好與before引導(dǎo)的從句相反。如：
It will be four days before they come back. 他們要過四天才能回來。
After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我們回家了。（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）
3.由till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。till和until一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強調(diào)句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達的意思不同。如：
I didn't go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散會之后他才開始教我英語。
Please wait until I arrived.在我到達之前請等我。
4.由since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，又可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在It is ＋時間＋since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。
I have been in Beijing since you left. 自從你離開以來，我一直在北京了。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？
It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。
5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這些連詞都表示“一……就”。
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了出事地點。
As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。
注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相當于as soon as之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。當hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首時，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。
He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他剛到家，就被邀請開始另一旅程。
No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太陽剛從地平線上升起，他就起床勞動去了。
Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我剛坐下，他就進來了。
He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.這個阿拉伯人剛要入睡就感到肩膀上被輕輕一觸。
6.由by the time引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。注意時態(tài)的變化：在一般情況下，如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果主句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。如：
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回來時，我已經(jīng)寫完這本書了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。
7.由each time, every time和whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。
Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次來哈爾濱，總是來看我。
Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每當那個人說“說實在話”的時候，我猜想他就要說謊了。
You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，見你更年輕了。
8.由as long as和so long as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這兩個連詞表示“有多久……就多久”。
You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以隨意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回來就行。
時間狀語從句-時間狀語
時間狀語從句一般現(xiàn)在時 every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday,
一般過去時 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now
一般將來時 next…, tomorrow, in+時間,
現(xiàn)在完成時 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently
過去完成時 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as
過去進行時 this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while
將來進行時 soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening
時間狀語從句-從屬連詞
時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的普通類從屬連詞有when（當……時），while（在……期間），as（當……，一邊……一邊……），before（在……之前），after（在……之后），since（從……以來），till/until（直到），whenever（無論何時），as soon as（一……就）等。如：
When I went into the classroom, he was reading. 當我走進教室時，他正在看書。
He read a newspaper as he went along. 他邊走邊看報紙。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們必須趁熱打鐵。
I will tell you after they leave. 于他們走后我再告訴你。
I told him to come back whenever he wants to. 我告訴他什么時候想回來就回來。
I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回來。
Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 時間一旦失去就再也得不到了
注意：在時間狀語從句中，不能用一般將來時、過去將來時態(tài)或?qū)硗瓿蓵r，而要用相應(yīng)的一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)、一般過去時或現(xiàn)在完成時來代替。如：
I’ll telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到達那里就打電話給你。
She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她說她一到達那里就給我電話。
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 等車停穩(wěn)后才下車。
時間狀語從句-一詞多義
時間狀語從句一、對before從句的理解
before的本意為“在……之前”，根據(jù)具體語境還可理解為“還沒來得及/還沒有……就……，趁著還沒……就……，不知不覺就……，……才……”等。如：
I had not sat long before he came back. 我沒坐多久他就回來了。
He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他幾乎把我撞倒才看到我。
Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我還來得及插話，他就給我量好了尺寸。
I’ll water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁著天還沒黑把花澆好水。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做學(xué)生，后做先生。
Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew it. 時間過得飛快，她不知不覺就在那里度過了三個月
I will die before I will betray my country. 我寧可死也不會背叛我的國家。
二、對since從句的理解
1. since從句的謂語動詞是終止性動詞照字面意思理解。如：
I’ve been feeling down since I lost my job. 自從失去工作后,我的情緒一直處于低潮。
2. since從句謂語動詞延續(xù)性動詞，且為現(xiàn)在完成時時，仍然按字面意思理解。如：
She has never come to see me since I have lived in the city. 自從我住到城里，她就一直不來看我。
3. since從句謂語動詞延續(xù)性動詞，且為一般過去時時，按與字面意思相反的意思理解。如：
I have made great progress since I was ill. 我自病愈以來取得了很大的進步。
4. since前有ever，或從句謂語動詞是be且后接表示人成長過程中的某個階段或年齡的名詞、形容詞時，仍然按字面意思理解。如：
I have lived here ever since I was a child. 我從還是個孩子時就一直住在這兒。
三、對till/until從句的理解
1. 主句為肯定式，主句謂語動詞必須為持續(xù)性動詞，且該動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until/till從句所表示的時間為止，可譯作“（直）到……”。如：
He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回來。
2. 主句為否定式（包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little等否定詞的肯定句），若主句謂語動詞是非持續(xù)性動詞，則該動詞所表示的動作在until/till從句表示的時間開始發(fā)生。一般先譯從句“直到……”，后譯主句，not 譯成“才”，即“直到……才……”。如：
His mother didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡著了，他母親才離開。
Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散會才能離開。
3. 主句為否定式，若主句謂語動詞是持續(xù)性動詞，則須根據(jù)上下文去理解until/till從句的含義，一般譯為“直到……才……”或“沒有到……”。如：
He didn’t wait until/till I returned. 他沒有等到我回來。
She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回來才睡著。
時間狀語從句-與強調(diào)句對比
時間狀語從句強調(diào)句的句型是：
It is (was) 被強調(diào)部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分
第一句是對的，后面一句是錯的。
It was seven o'clock when we reached the station.（狀語從句）
=It was "at" seven o'clock "that" we reached the station.(強調(diào)句，定語從句）
強調(diào)句和時間狀語從句的區(qū)別是：時間狀語從句可以去掉，不影響句子的完整性。而強調(diào)句that/who引導(dǎo)的句子是不能去掉的，否則句子就不完整了，單獨的“It was at seven o'clock”是錯誤的。
時間狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別其實跟上面說的是一樣的，強調(diào)句型其實就是一種特殊的定語從句。本身最簡單的表達法是：We reached the station at seven o'clock.然后為了強調(diào)"at seven o'clock",就變成了強調(diào)句It was "at seven o'clock" that we reached the staion，同時它也是定語從句：從句“that we reached the staion”修飾的是it=the time.
時間狀語從句-時態(tài)問題
時間狀語從句時間狀語從句常用的連詞有：when，as，while，before，after，since，till，until，as soon as，once。
【例】
Before I could get in a word, he already gave orders.
我還來不及插話，他已經(jīng)吩咐下去了。
After the students were all in the lab, the professor brought out three bottles.
在學(xué)生們?nèi)M入實驗室后，教授拿出三個瓶子來。
學(xué)習(xí)時間狀語從句應(yīng)注意以下幾點：
（1）時間狀語從句中一般不使用將來時態(tài)，盡管主句使用將來時態(tài)，一般使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。
【例】
I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.
我明天回來，我將繼續(xù)做這項工作。
Please tell him about it when you see him back.
你看到他回來，就告訴他這件事。
（2）till/until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，主句的謂語動詞如是延續(xù)動詞，可使用否定或不用否定，如果是不延續(xù)動詞，必須使用否定形式。
【例】
He didn't go to bed until it was 12 o'clock last night.
他昨晚十二點才上床睡覺。
They worked until it was dark.
他們一直工作到天黑。
（3）as soon as, the moment, every time, each time, the minute, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time,next time, any time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly等表示時間的詞語，后面也可以接時間狀語從句，表示“一……就……”。
【例】
I recognized you the minute I saw you.
我一見到你，就認出了你。
By the time he was fourteen, he had built his own lab.
到他十四歲的時候，他已建起自己的實驗室。
（4）主句使用過去進行時或過去完成時，或是was/were about to do Sth. ,后面從句使用when從句，而且謂語動詞使用一般過去時，這時when不當“當……時候”解，而當“突然”解。
【例】
They were working in the fields when it began to rain.
他們在地里正干著活時，天突然下起雨來。
He was about to leave when the telephone rang.
他剛要走，突然電話鈴響了。
