在復(fù)合句中用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句
賓語從句的用法:
一、由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
(一) 在及物動(dòng)詞后做賓語
例:The professor points out (that) Leisure comes with anthropic process history.
(二) 在雙賓后面作直接賓語
例:He told his teacher that this club has a women's auxiliary.
(三) 賓語從句后置
賓語從句如果出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)中,此時(shí)的賓語從句被置于補(bǔ)足語后面了,因此是一個(gè)后置的賓語從句。結(jié)構(gòu):“動(dòng)詞+it形式賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語+that賓語從句”
例:We must make it clear that as usual, the yearly audit will take place in December.
注意:在及物動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句,其引導(dǎo)詞一般可以省略,但是that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義,不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外:
1. 如果是幾個(gè)賓語從句并列使用,則連詞that一般不省略,因?yàn)橛辛藅hat的“指路牌”作用,便于讀者快速判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
例:He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
2. 在動(dòng)詞+it+賓語補(bǔ)足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,that不省略
例:We found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time
3. 介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。
例:I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
二、由連詞if、whether的賓語從句
Whether, if 在從句中不做句子的成分,但是卻不能省略。一般情況下,whether和if 可以替換。
例:I do not know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
但是在下面的幾種情況只能用whether:
1. 在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)
例:Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
2. 賓語從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo)
例:I do not know whether the movie star will come or not.
3. 和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo)
例:Whether to go there or not has not been decided.
三、由wh-開頭的疑問代詞或副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which,和連接副詞when, where, why, how 等連接的賓語從句,它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用,又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分,不能省略。
(一) 由疑問代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
賓語從句可由連接代詞what , who , whom , whose , which, whomever, whomever, whatever等引導(dǎo),它們?cè)谫e語從句中可做主語、賓語、表語和定語等,因此不能省略。如:
1. Do you know which patron will purchase this and offer it to an important museum.
(二) 由疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
賓語從句可由連接副詞when , where , how , why 等引導(dǎo),它們?cè)谫e語從句中作狀語,不可省略。
例:It’s hard for me to figure out how to break the pattern.
注意:賓語從句的語序,
賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序,即連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分
例:I believe that they will come soon.
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