【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
▲掌握賓語從句的語序?!莆找龑?dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞。
▲掌握賓語從句中,主句與從句在時態(tài)上的相互呼應(yīng)。
【課前準(zhǔn)備】要求學(xué)生回顧賓語從句的概念及其用法,并用各種引導(dǎo)詞各造一個句子。
【知識要點】
1.賓語從句在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語,從句放在主句之后,前后不用逗號分開。
2.引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有:
連詞that(在口語中that??墒÷?,if, whether,如:
He knows that Jim will work hard.
連接代詞who, whom, which等,如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
連接副詞when, where, how, why等,如:Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情況下兩者可以換用,但在介詞之后,
不定式之前,與or not連用,在句首或在引導(dǎo)表語從句,同位語從句時,只能用whether,如:I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
5.賓語從句一定要注意時態(tài)呼應(yīng),即:當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是過去式時,從句中謂語動
詞也要用過去范疇的時態(tài),但若從句陳述的是真理或客觀規(guī)律,其謂語的時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時,如:
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一個賓語從句只能用一個連詞。
7.當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think, believe等動詞時,賓語從句的否定意義要放到主句中。另外,當(dāng)主句主語為第一人稱時,后面若接附加疑問句,那么附加疑問句的主語、謂語應(yīng)與從句中的主謂語保持一致。如:
I don't think he looks like his father, does he?
8.直接引語和間接引語也是賓語從句,直接引語是引述別人的原話,放在引號內(nèi),
不用連詞聯(lián)接;間接引語是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,通常用連接詞與主句聯(lián)接。
(1)陳述句變?yōu)橐詔hat引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,如:
He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.
(2)一般疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,如:
He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛蓋ho, what, where, how等疑問詞(連接代詞或連接副詞)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,如:
He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
注意上述例句中連詞、時態(tài)、語序等變化。
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