句子：
主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)
She is a student.
He says hello.
I want to know English.
A 、 He says Lilei is 12 years old.
He knows Lilei opens the door.
B 、 I want to know what’s your name?
They ask what do you go?
C 、 Lily don’t know is it an apple?
I guess do you like Beijing?
賓語(yǔ)從句是英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個(gè)句子做另一個(gè)句子的賓語(yǔ)，將這個(gè)句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句做介詞或及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在從下列三個(gè)方面總結(jié)歸納如下：
一，引導(dǎo)詞
A、（當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)連接的句子是陳述句）由that 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等動(dòng)詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無(wú)詞匯意義，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語(yǔ)中。
例：I told him that he was wrong.
B、（當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)連接的句子是特殊疑問(wèn)句）由特殊疑問(wèn)詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how ,how many,how much, how old等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句。(標(biāo)點(diǎn)看主句)
例：I want to know ，what’s your name? → I want to know what your name is.
They ask ，where do you go? → They ask where you go.
Do you know, what are they talking about? →Do you know what they are talking about ?
I don’t know where he lives.
C、（當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)連接的句子是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)）由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否…”。一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。(標(biāo)點(diǎn)看主句)
例：I don’t know, will he come tomorrow ? →I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
在介詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中不用if引導(dǎo)
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。
賓語(yǔ)從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
二，賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序，
★賓語(yǔ)從句從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，既連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分
例：I believe that they will come soon.
He asked me whether I was a teacher.
They wanted to know what they can do for us.
★注意：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：
What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? What happeneed?
eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
三、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)。
賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，
既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。
例:1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
如果賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語(yǔ)從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
Could you tell me…是用來(lái)征詢(xún)對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)，語(yǔ)氣委婉，并不表示過(guò)去。
例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
注意事項(xiàng)：
1、由陳述句變成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要注意人稱(chēng)的變化。
例：She said: “I have been to England before.” →She said that she had been to England before.
She asked me: “Do you like maths?” → She asked me if I liked maths.
★注意：當(dāng)從句的原句為以下句子以及what, who作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，語(yǔ)序不變：
What’s wrong? What’s the matter? What’s happening? What happeneed?
eg: I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
賓語(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句的交換。
★由連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，如果賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人時(shí)，可以用“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”做賓語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句結(jié)構(gòu)。
例：I don’t know what I should do next. → I don’t know what to do next.
He didn’t know where he would live. → He didn’t know where to live.
賓語(yǔ)從句的否定：
★如主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)I, we，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe, suppose, expect,guess等表心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變否定要否定轉(zhuǎn)移，即否定主句。否則否定看從句。
I think chicken can swim. → I don’t think chicken can swim.(我認(rèn)為雞不會(huì)游泳)
He says that Lily goes shopping. → He says that Lily doesn’t go shopping.(他說(shuō)lily沒(méi)去購(gòu)物)。
變反意疑問(wèn)句:如主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)I, we，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,guess,believe等表心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)，變反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)看從句，否則看主句。
I think he is a good student, is’t he?
They want to know if he is a good student, don’t they?
值得注意的是，當(dāng)這些詞后接的賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移到主句時(shí)，其仍屬否定詞，故其后的短語(yǔ)句式應(yīng)為肯定。
e.g.I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
We don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我認(rèn)為那個(gè)人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?
做練習(xí)：
1.Can you see________?
A. what he’s reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what
2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一個(gè)句子)
Do you know_____Jack _____from Japan?
3._What did your son say in the letter?
_He told me that he___ the Disney the next day
A.will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
4.He didn’t know__________
A.what’s the matter B.what the matter is
C. what was the matter D. what the matter was
5.Somebody called you just now,but I didn’t know____
A.who were they B. who they were C. who was it D. who it was
6.I want to know_____
A.what is his name B. what’s his name C. that his name is D. what his name is
7.---Could you tell me ___she is looking for?
---Her cousin,susan.
A.that B.whose C .who D.which
8.---What are you searching the Internet for?
---I’m trying to find out____.
A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLU B.How many persons have died in Iraq
C.How to protect our environment D.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea
9.Do you know _____ ___ ___? (誰(shuí)正在唱歌)
10.Do you know ____ _______? (她正在和誰(shuí)談話)
11.Do you know ____ ______?(昨天發(fā)生了什么事)
12.李明說(shuō)他對(duì)玩電腦游戲感興趣。
13．我認(rèn)為Mary不回來(lái)了。
14.Sam跟我說(shuō)他準(zhǔn)備去上海。
15.請(qǐng)你告訴我去銀行怎么走嗎？
16.父親說(shuō)他買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。
17.我想知道今天晚上還有沒(méi)有去北京的火車(chē)。
18.你知道一間房多少錢(qián)嗎？
19.請(qǐng)你告訴我我們外出多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間呢？
20.叔叔說(shuō)他正在寫(xiě)一本新小說(shuō)。
21.杰克說(shuō)他有重要的事情要做。
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