VMWare提供了vmrun與VIX API兩種手段使用戶可以通過程序對虛擬機進行控制。
在官方文檔中給出了詳細的說明和示例代碼。
vmrun：http://www.vmware.com/pdf/vix162_vmrun_command.pdf
VIX API: http://www.vmware.com/support/developer/vix-api/
vmrun是一種命令行控制的手段，但是可以通過Shell腳本實現(xiàn)連續(xù)多個操作的自動化。而VIXAPI則是一種程序設計的方案，支持C、Perl和VB三種語言。從功能上來說，VIXAPI提供虛擬機狀態(tài)查詢函數(shù)，有更強的能力。例如：控制一個虛擬機恢復到某個鏡像，然后登錄到GuestOS中，運行其中的某個可執(zhí)行文件在這3個動作中，恢復到指定鏡像是異步操作，如果使用VIXAPI實現(xiàn)，可以查詢恢復操作是否完成，恢復完成之后再嘗試登錄到GuestOS;而要通過vmrun實現(xiàn)則比較困難，因為vmrun不具有查詢虛擬機狀態(tài)的能力，所以只能sleep足夠長的時間之后再去執(zhí)行登錄操作。
但vmrun也不是完全沒有優(yōu)勢。分別用vmrun和VIX API實現(xiàn)每隔一段時間就將虛擬機恢復到指定虛擬機鏡像的功能，當雙方都只需要操作一臺虛擬機的時候，都能做到長期穩(wěn)定工作；當它們需要面對10臺甚至更多
的虛擬機的時候，VIX API很快就會出故障(1)，而vmrun仍然能夠穩(wěn)定地工作。
(1)通常遇到的故障是：虛擬機提示缺少某個.vmdk文件。原因是VMWare虛擬機啟動時會創(chuàng)建臨時的.vmdk文件，并通過修改.vmx中的硬盤路徑，使當前的硬盤為臨時的.vmdk。當VIXAPI面對大量虛擬機時，常常會與需要操作的虛擬機失去連接，此時.vmx文件中的硬盤路徑被修改，但是臨時.vmdk文件被刪除，于是虛擬機報錯。要修復這個故障，只需要把.vmx文件中的硬盤 路徑改為實際存在的某個.vmdk文件即可
1、簡介
VMWare提供了vmrun與VIX API兩種手段使用戶可以通過程序對虛擬機進行控制。vmrun是一種命令行控制的手段，但是可以通過Shell腳本實現(xiàn)連續(xù)多個操作的自動化。
2、語法
Usage: vmrun COMMAND [PARAMETERS]
Authentication flags
-gu <userName in guest OS>
-gp <password in guest OS>
POWER COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
start Path to vmx file Start a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[gui|nogui]
stop Path to vmx file Stop a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[hard|soft]
reset Path to vmx file Reset a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[hard|soft]
suspend Path to vmx file Suspend a VM or Team
or vmtm file
[hard|soft]
SNAPSHOT COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
listSnapshots Path to vmx file List all snapshots in a VM
snapshot Path to vmx file Create a snapshot of a VM
Snapshot name
deleteSnapshot Path to vmx file Remove a snapshot from a VM
Snapshot name
revertToSnapshot Path to vmx file Set VM state to a snapshot
Snapshot name
GUEST OS COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
runProgramInGuest Path to vmx file Run a program in Guest OS
Program
[Program arguments]
fileExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a file exists in Guest OS
Path to file in guest
setSharedFolderState Path to vmx file Modify a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
New host path
addSharedFolder Path to vmx file Add a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
Host path
removeSharedFolder Path to vmx file Remove a Host-Guest shared folder
Share name
listProcessesInGuest Path to vmx file List running processes in Guest OS
killProcessInGuest Path to vmx file Kill a process in Guest OS
process id
runScriptInGuest Path to vmx file Run a script in Guest OS
Interpreter path
script_text
deleteFileInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a file in Guest OS
File
createDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Create a directory in Guest OS
Directory path
deleteDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a directory in Guest OS
Directory path
listDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file List a directory in Guest OS
Directory path
copyFileFromHostToGuest Path to vmx file Copy a file from host OS to guest OS
Path on host
Path in guest
copyFileFromGuestToHost Path to vmx file Copy a file from guest OS to host OS
Path in guest
Path on host
renameFileInGuest Path to vmx file Rename a file in Guest OS
Original name
New name
GENERAL COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION
list List all running VMs
upgradevm Path to vmx file Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw
installtools Path to vmx file Install Tools in Guest OS
3、示例
1）開啟虛擬機
vmrun start "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui
2）停止虛擬機
vmrun stop "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui
3）重啟虛擬機
vmrun restart "/opt/VM_OS/RH_OS_B/Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 64-bit.vmx" nogui|gui
4）列出正在運行的虛擬機
vmrun list
下面整理了一發(fā)命令：
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 | EPP:/vmware # vmrun vmrun version 1.15.0 build-2985596 Usage: vmrun [AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS] COMMAND [PARAMETERS] AUTHENTICATION-FLAGS -------------------- These must appear before the command and any command parameters. -h <hostName> (not needed for Workstation) -P <hostPort> (not needed for Workstation) -T <hostType> (ws|server|server1|fusion|esx|vc|player) for example, use '-T server' for Server 2.0 use '-T server1' for Server 1.0 use '-T ws' for VMware Workstation use '-T ws-shared' for VMware Workstation (shared mode) use '-T esx' for VMware ESX use '-T vc' for VMware vCenter Server -u <userName in host OS> (not needed for Workstation) -p <password in host OS> (not needed for Workstation) -vp <password for encrypted virtual machine> -gu <userName in guest OS> -gp <password in guest OS> POWER COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION -------------- ---------- ----------- start Path to vmx file Start a VM or Team [gui|nogui] stop Path to vmx file Stop a VM or Team [hard|soft] reset Path to vmx file Reset a VM or Team [hard|soft] suspend Path to vmx file Suspend a VM or Team [hard|soft] pause Path to vmx file Pause a VM unpause Path to vmx file Unpause a VM SNAPSHOT COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION ----------------- ---------- ----------- listSnapshots Path to vmx file List all snapshots in a VM [showTree] snapshot Path to vmx file Create a snapshot of a VM Snapshot name deleteSnapshot Path to vmx file Remove a snapshot from a VM Snapshot name [andDeleteChildren] revertToSnapshot Path to vmx file Set VM state to a snapshot Snapshot name GUEST OS COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION ----------------- ---------- ----------- runProgramInGuest Path to vmx file Run a program in Guest OS [-noWait] [-activeWindow] [-interactive] Complete-Path-To-Program [Program arguments] fileExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a file exists in Guest OS Path to file in guest directoryExistsInGuest Path to vmx file Check if a directory exists in Guest OS Path to directory in guest setSharedFolderState Path to vmx file Modify a Host-Guest shared folder Share name Host path writable | readonly addSharedFolder Path to vmx file Add a Host-Guest shared folder Share name New host path removeSharedFolder Path to vmx file Remove a Host-Guest shared folder Share name enableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Enable shared folders in Guest [runtime] disableSharedFolders Path to vmx file Disable shared folders in Guest [runtime] listProcessesInGuest Path to vmx file List running processes in Guest OS killProcessInGuest Path to vmx file Kill a process in Guest OS process id runScriptInGuest Path to vmx file Run a script in Guest OS [-noWait] [-activeWindow] [-interactive] Interpreter path Script text deleteFileInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a file in Guest OS Path in guest createDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Create a directory in Guest OS Directory path in guest deleteDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file Delete a directory in Guest OS Directory path in guest CreateTempfileInGuest Path to vmx file Create a temporary file in Guest OS listDirectoryInGuest Path to vmx file List a directory in Guest OS Directory path in guest CopyFileFromHostToGuest Path to vmx file Copy a file from host OS to guest OS Path on host Path in guest CopyFileFromGuestToHost Path to vmx file Copy a file from guest OS to host OS Path in guest Path on host renameFileInGuest Path to vmx file Rename a file in Guest OS Original name New name captureScreen Path to vmx file Capture the screen of the VM to a local file Path on host writeVariable Path to vmx file Write a variable in the VM state [runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar] variable name variable value readVariable Path to vmx file Read a variable in the VM state [runtimeConfig|guestEnv|guestVar] variable name getGuestIPAddress Path to vmx file Gets the IP address of the guest [-wait] GENERAL COMMANDS PARAMETERS DESCRIPTION ---------------- ---------- ----------- list List all running VMs upgradevm Path to vmx file Upgrade VM file format, virtual hw installTools Path to vmx file Install Tools in Guest checkToolsState Path to vmx file Check the current Tools state register Path to vmx file Register a VM unregister Path to vmx file Unregister a VM listRegisteredVM List registered VMs deleteVM Path to vmx file Delete a VM clone Path to vmx file Create a copy of the VM Path to destination vmx file full|linked [-snapshot=Snapshot Name] [-cloneName=Name] Examples: Starting a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host vmrun -T ws start "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" Stopping a virtual machine on an ESX host vmrun -T esx -h https://myHost.com/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword stop "[storage1] vm/myVM.vmx" Running a program in a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host with Windows guest vmrun -T ws -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" "c:\Program Files\myProgram.exe" Running a program in a virtual machine with Server on a Linux host with Linux guest vmrun -T server -h https://myHost.com:8333/sdk -u hostUser -p hostPassword -gu guestUser -gp guestPassword runProgramInGuest "[standard] vm/myVM.vmx" /usr/bin/X11/xclock -display :0 Creating a snapshot of a virtual machine with Workstation on a Windows host vmrun -T ws snapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot Reverting to a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host vmrun -T ws revertToSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot Deleting a snapshot with Workstation on a Windows host vmrun -T ws deleteSnapshot "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" mySnapshot Enabling Shared Folders with Workstation on a Windows host vmrun -T ws enableSharedFolders "c:\my VMs\myVM.vmx" EPP:/vmware # |
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