英語 動詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則
動詞過去式和過去分詞有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。
實例順序: 動詞原形 過去式 過去分詞
發(fā)音: ed在清輔音音素后 發(fā)音為 [ t ], 在濁輔音后發(fā)音為[ d ], 在元音后發(fā)音也為[ d ] ,在[t]、[d] 后發(fā)音為[id]
一.規(guī)則變化
1. 一般在動詞原形后加-ed
look looked looked
call called called
open opened opened
Need needed needed
2. 以-e結(jié)尾的動詞加-d move
phone phoned phoned
hope hoped hoped
agree agreed agreed
Move moved moved
3. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞,變y為i,再加-ed
study studied studied
carry carried carried
try tried tried
4. 以原音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-ed
play played played
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed
stay stayed stayed
5. 末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)詞,雙寫該輔音字母,再加-ed
stop stopped stopped
plan planned planned
fit fitted fitted
6. 以-r音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,雙寫r字母, 再加-ed
prefer preferred preferred
refer referred referred
二.不規(guī)則變化:英語中有些動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式變化不規(guī)則,可分為五種情況。
1.動詞原形、過去式和過去分詞完全同形。
cut(切) cut cut
hit(打) hit hit
cast(扔) cast cast
hurt(傷害) hurt hurt
put(放) put put
let(讓) let let
shut(關(guān)) shut shut
cost(花費) cost cost
set(放) set set
rid(清除) rid rid
2.過去式與過去分詞完全同形。
find(找到) found found
pay(支付) paid paid
leave(離開) left left
lend(借出) lent lent
meet(遇見) met met
keep(保持) kept kept
lose(丟失) lost lost
teach(教) taught taught
sit(坐) sat sat
lead(引導) led led
win(贏)除) won won
3.動詞原形與過去分詞同形
come(來) came come
run(跑) ran run
become(成為) became become
4.動詞原形、過去式、過去分詞形式完全不同。
give(給) gave given
fly(飛) flew flown
drink(喝) drank drunk
see(看見) saw seen
go(去) went gone
know(知道) knew known
wear(穿) wore worn
speak(說) spoke spoken
5.過去式和過去分詞有兩種形式
burn(燃燒) burned burnt
burned burnt
learn(學習) learned learnt
learned learnt
smell(聞) smelled smelt
smelled smelt
spell (拼寫) spelled spelt
spelled spelt
shine (照射) shined shone
shined shone
leap (跳) leaped leapt
leaped leapt
提示 :
A. beat的過去式與原形同形:
比:beat(打擊) beat(過去式) beaten(過去分詞)
B. lie有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,含義不同
比:lie lied, lied(說謊)
lay, lain(躺,位于)
C. hang 有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,含義不同
比:hang hanged, hanged(處絞刑)
hung, hung(掛,吊)
D. welcome(歡迎)一詞是規(guī)則動詞,不可誤用為不規(guī)則動詞
比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正)
welcome, welcome(誤)
E.不要將不規(guī)則動詞誤用為規(guī)則動詞
比:hit(打) hit, hit(正)
hitted, hitted(誤)
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