易混淆的 to do 和 doing
1
只跟不定式作賓語的動詞/短語
afford to do 付得起(錢)/花得起(時間)做某事
agree to do 同意做某事
appear/seem to do 好像...
apply to do 申請/報名做某事
arrange to do 安排/籌劃做某事
ask to do 要求做某事
beg to do 懇求/乞求做某事
choose to do 選擇做某事
decide to do 決定做某事
demand to do 要求做某事
determine to do 決心做某事
expect to do 期盼做某事
fail to do 未能做某事
fear to do 害怕做某事
happen to do 碰巧做某事
help (to) do 幫助做某事
hope to do 希望做某事
learn to do 學(xué)習(xí)做某事
long to do 渴望做某事
manage to do 設(shè)法做成了某事
offer to do 主動提出做某事
plan to do 計劃做某事
prepare to do 準(zhǔn)備做某事
pretend to do 假裝做某事
promise to do 承諾做某事
refuse to do 拒絕做某事
want to do 想要做某事
wish to do 希望做某事
would like to do 想要做某事
make a decision to do 決定做某事
make up one’s mind to do 下定決心做某事
would prefer to do 寧愿做某事
do/try one’s best to do 盡最大努力做某事
make an attempt to do 企圖/妄圖做某事
make an effort to do 努力做某事
spare no effort to do 不遺余力地做某事
go all out to do 竭盡全力做某事
2
只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞/短語
acknowledge doing 承認(rèn)做過某事
admit doing 承認(rèn)做過某事
advise doing 建議做某事
allow doing 允許做某事
appreciate doing 樂意/感激做某事
avoid doing 避免做某事
bear doing 忍受做某事
consider doing 考慮做某事
delay doing 延遲做某事
deny doing 否認(rèn)做過某事
dislike doing 憎恨做某事
enjoy doing 享受做某事
escape doing 逃避做某事
fancy doing 想要做某事
finish doing 完成某事
forbid doing 禁止做某事
forgive doing 原諒某事
imagine doing 想象做某事
keep doing 保持/持續(xù)做某事
mention doing 提及做某事
mind doing 介意做某事
miss doing 錯過做某事
pardon doing 原諒做某事
permit doing 允許做某事
practise doing 訓(xùn)練做某事
quit doing 停止做某事
risk doing 冒險做某事
suggest doing 建議做某事
understand doing 理解做某事
can’t stand doing 不能忍受做某事
give up doing 放棄做某事
feel like doing 想要做某事
insist on doing 堅持做某事
keep on doing 繼續(xù)做某事
put off doing 推遲做某事
3
后接to do與后接doing意義區(qū)別不大的動詞
love to do/love doing 喜愛做某事
like to do/like doing 喜歡做某事
begin to do/begin doing 開始做某事
start to do/start doing 開始做某事
hate to do/hate doing 不喜歡做某事
prefer to do/prefer doing 偏愛做某事
4
后接doing相當(dāng)于接to be done的動詞
need doing =need to be done 需要被...
want doing=want to be done 需要被...
require doing=require to be done 需要被...
5
后接to do與后接doing意義不同的動詞
go on to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事
go on doing 繼續(xù)做某件事
stop to do 停止(原來的事)去做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
remember to do 記得要做某事(尚未做)
remember doing 記得曾做過某事(曾做過)
forget to do 忘記要做某事(未做)
forget doing 忘記曾做過的事(曾做過)
regret to do(如to say/to tell)
很遺憾地做某事
regret doing 后悔曾做過某事
try to do 努力做某事
try doing 嘗試著做某事
mean to do 打算/有意做某事
mean doing 意味著做某事
can’t help (to) do 不能幫忙做某事
can’t help doing 禁不住做某事
過去分詞加介詞搭配
1
“be+過去分詞+介詞”的三種運(yùn)用規(guī)律（以be exposed to 為例）
（1）做主語時整體保留，變be為being。
Being exposed to drugs is harmful to our health.
（2）做謂語時，正常使用。
In summer, we are exposed to strong sunshine.
（3）做狀語時，去be就是答案。
Exposed to drugs, the singer looks terrible.
2
中學(xué)階段常見的“be+過去分詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)匯編
be devoted to 專心致志于；奉獻(xiàn)于
be impressed with/by 對印象深刻
be accustomed/adjusted to 習(xí)慣于
be equipped with 裝備著；配備著
be lost in 迷失于；沉浸于
be buried in 埋頭于
be absorbed in 全神貫注于
be occupied with 忙于
be engaged in 全身投入于
be based on 基于；在...基礎(chǔ)上
be involved in/with參與；牽涉到
be exposed to 暴露于；接觸
be connected/linked/related to 與...有聯(lián)系
be associated with 與...有聯(lián)系
be made of 由...制成
be trapped/stuck/caught in 陷于...之中
be seated at/in/on 坐在
be dressed in 穿著...
be set in 背景設(shè)置在...
be aimed at 旨在
be covered with 覆蓋著...
be addicted to 對...上癮
be filled with 充滿著...
be crowded with 擠滿著...
be known for 因...而聞名
be tired with/of 對...身體累/心理累
be interested in 對...感興趣
be pleased with 對...滿意
be concerned/worried with 對...擔(dān)憂
be satisfied with 對...滿意
be fed up with 對...厭惡
be faced with 面臨著...
be located/situated in/on 位于/坐落于
be armed with 武裝著；配備著
be adapted to 適應(yīng)；習(xí)慣于
be decorated with 裝飾著...
be compared with/to 與...相比
be prepared for 為...做好準(zhǔn)備
be burdened with 肩負(fù)著；負(fù)擔(dān)著
be furnished with 配備著
be intended/designed for 專為...而設(shè)計；專為...提供
be regarded/treated as 被認(rèn)為...;被當(dāng)作
及物不及物一體動詞
1) answer a question 回答
answer for yout behaviour 對...承擔(dān)責(zé)任
2) approve a bill 批準(zhǔn)
approve of a plan 贊成
3) ask Tom 問/請
ask for money 索要
4) attend a meeting 參加
attend school/church 上/參加
attend to his work 專心于
attend to a patient 照顧/護(hù)理
5) benefit sb. 對...有益
benefit from sports 得益于...
6)build friendship/a house 建立/建設(shè)
build up confidence/my body/hope
增強(qiáng)自信/體質(zhì)/希望
7) consist a team 組成/構(gòu)成
consist of 4 doctors and 3 nurses
由...組成/構(gòu)成
8) contribute money 貢獻(xiàn)/捐贈
contribute to our failure/health
導(dǎo)致/有助于
9) decide the outcome 決定了結(jié)果
decide on a date/item 選定
10) do harm to our health 對...有害
be harmful to our health 對...有害
harm our health 對...有害
11) feed Tom/a pet 喂食
feed on rice 以...為主食
12) find a pen 找到
find out the schedule 搞清楚，弄明白
13) a stone hit me擊中
a good idea hit me 使(某人)想起
I hit on/upon a good idea 突然想起
14) hear Tom/an English song 聽見，聽到
hear of Tom/the news 聽說
hear from sb.
收到某人來信/得知某人音信
15) hold a party 舉行
hold out his hand 伸出
hold up the roof 支撐(重量)
16) join us/a club 加入(人/組織)
join in a basketball match 加入(活動)
17) lead sb./the way 帶領(lǐng)
lead to an accident 導(dǎo)致
18) learn English 學(xué)習(xí)
learn about/of her arrival 獲悉，得知
learn from sb.向...學(xué)習(xí)
learn from the mistake 從...中吸取教訓(xùn)
19) leave Hefei 離開
leave for Hefei 離開某地赴...
20) live a rich life 過著...生活
live on fishing 以...為生
live in Hefei 在(某地)居住
21) operate a machine 操作
operate on a patient 給...動手術(shù)
22) pay money/200 yuan 付(錢)
pay for a meal 為某物/事付錢
23) pick an apple 采摘
pick up
撿起，順道購買/染上/偶學(xué)/有起色/接收信號
24) reach Hefei 到達(dá)
reach to the foot of the hill 延伸到
reach for his gun 伸手去拿
25) read a story 閱讀
read about/of sb./sth. 閱讀關(guān)于
26) return money 歸還(某物)
return to Hefei回到(某地)
27) search a box 搜(某處)
search for a gun 搜尋(某目標(biāo)物)
28) show sb. sth.
show sth. to sb. 給某人看
show up 出席，出現(xiàn)，出場
29) speak English 說
speak to Mary 與(某人)說話
speak about/of the matter/sb.
談及，提到
30) see sb./sth. 看見
see to sth. 打理/注意某事
31) suffer loss/pain 遭遇(結(jié)果)
suffer from earthquake/cancer
遭受(源頭)
32) take攜帶,拿,服(藥),(吸)熱
take over 接管
33) visit Nanjing 參觀/拜訪
pay a visit to Nanjing 參觀/拜訪
34) watch a film 觀看
watch over the house 看護(hù)，監(jiān)督
系動詞
1
為什么要了解系動詞？
系動詞，又名連系動詞(link verb)，顧名思義，它在句中起“連接作用”--前面連接主語、后面連接表語，形成“主-系-表”結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，不了解系動詞，英語學(xué)習(xí)者就無從知道什么叫表語/表語從句，進(jìn)而對英語語言的基本架構(gòu)都搞不清楚。
2
系動詞有哪些？
1）第一系動詞--譯作“是”的be動詞
其變體形式包括:
am/is/are/was/were/has been/have been/had been
例如:
I am a student.（名詞做表語）
Yao Ming is tall.（形容詞做表語）
2）譯作“變得”的動詞
其包括：
get--get old（變老）
turn--turn green（變綠）
go--go bad（變壞）
fall--fall ill/asleep（生病了/睡著了）
become--become difficult（變難了）
grow--grow bored（變膩了）
come-come true（成真）
run--run dry（變干）
3）譯作“...起來”的感官動詞
look--看起來
She looks pale.
sound--聽起來
The background music sounds beautiful.
taste--嘗起來
The food here tastes yummy.
smell--聞起來
Your sneakers smell terrible.
feel--摸起來;感覺
The ball feels smooth.
The water feels warm.
4）譯作“保持”的動詞
keep--keep silent（保持沉默）
stay--stay calm（保持冷靜）
remain--remain still（保持不動）
5）譯作“好像、貌似”的動詞
seem--好像
You seem happy.
appear--顯得；看起來
She appeared surprised at the news.
6）譯作“結(jié)果、結(jié)果竟然”的動詞
其包括：prove,turn out
His theory proved to be true.
The experiment turned out successful.
3
系動詞怎么考？
1)系動詞本身無被動態(tài)
The song is sounded soft.(×)
The song sounds soft.(√)
2)系動詞后面跟形容詞做表語，而不是副詞
The song sounds softly.(×)
The song sounds soft.(√)
3) 系動詞后面跟的從句叫表語從句
The fact is that we have lost the game.
The point is who should be responsible for the accident.
主謂一致
01 謂語動詞要與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致
I am 18, and she is 17.
There is a desk in the room. There are no chairs in it.
02 兩個不同的人或事物，由and連接做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
Jim and Jack are here now.
A pen and an exercise book are ready now.
03 兩個本質(zhì)上是一個人或一套設(shè)備的人或物由and連接做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
The poet and teacher is visiting our school next Monday.
A knife and fork is needed.
04 第一類集體名稱
cattle，police，people，majority，crew，staff等做主語，謂語只用復(fù)數(shù)。
The police are searching for the thief.
05 第二類集體名詞
family，group，army，class，government，committee，team等做主語時，若強(qiáng)調(diào)一個整體，用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)各個成員，用復(fù)數(shù)。
Our class is on the third floor.
Our class are watching a baseball game on TV.
06 不定代詞
如anyone，something，nobody，each，every，the other等做主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。
Nobody is allowed to smoke here.
07 more than one+名詞或no+名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。
More than one student is interested in the novel.
No student shows interest in the play.
08 平衡結(jié)構(gòu)each a/every a/many a/no+名詞單數(shù)+each a/every a/many a/no+名詞單數(shù)做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
Many a boy and many a girl has read the story.
09 兩個名詞/代詞
由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also連接做主語，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)以靠近法確定。
Not only his family but also he likes the movie.
Not only he but also his family like the movie.
10 兩個名詞或多個名詞做主語，由with,together with,along with,as well as,like,unlike,not,no less than,rather than,more than,including,besides,
but（除了），except,as much as（和...一樣），in addition to等詞連接時，采用就前原則。
The teacher as well as the students was excited.
The students as well as the teacheer were excited.
11 表示量度，時間，距離，價格，金錢，重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞，無論數(shù)量多達(dá)，由于均可用一個數(shù)字表示，謂語用單數(shù)。
Fifty miles seems like a long walk to me.
Two hundred dollars is enough fro the trip.
12 主語從句或動名詞或不定式做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
What he said is true.
Going camping is fun.
To see is to believe.
13 學(xué)科做主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
Maths is my favourite subject.
Maths and physics are hard to learn.
14 由兩個形狀一樣的部分構(gòu)成的物品做主語，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定。
My blue trousers have been washed.
A/This/That pair of trousers is expensive.
The two pairs of shoes look ugly.
15 定語從句的謂語形式與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
I, who am your friend, will leave for Canada.
They, who are doctors,come here to help us.
16 a mumber of（大量的）/the mumber of（...的數(shù)量）后跟謂語的情況
A number of students in our school are working hard.
The number of students attending the meeting is 1,000.
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