首先一張圖,掃盲標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的英文表達(dá)
https://www.thepunctuationguide.com/
★
。?!
Terminal points
。
Period
句號(hào)省略一:句尾遇到?和!
If a sentence otherwise ends with a question mark or exclamation point, the period is omitted.
句號(hào)省略二:句尾句號(hào)遇到縮寫詞句號(hào)
大寫縮寫省略句號(hào)(在括號(hào)里也一樣)
小寫和大小混寫縮寫要有表省略的句號(hào)
a.m., etc., vol., Inc., Jr., Mrs., Tex.
FBI, IRS, ATM, NATO, NBC, TX
科技縮略語(yǔ)統(tǒng)統(tǒng)無(wú)省略句號(hào)
然而一些大寫縮寫,包括學(xué)術(shù)詞,保留句號(hào)
Some authorities, including The Chicago Manual of Style, favor omitting the periods in the previous examples.
間接疑問句以句號(hào)結(jié)尾
句尾是小括號(hào)
If a sentence ends with a parenthetical that is only part of a larger sentence, the period is placed outside the closing parenthesis.If the parenthetical is itself an entire sentence, the period is placed inside the closing parenthesis.若括號(hào)里是完整句子,句號(hào)在小括號(hào)里,反之在外
Example:
Hotel rooms are likely to be in short supply throughout August (the peak travel period).
Their house was the largest one on the block. (It also happened to be the ugliest.)
句尾為引用,句號(hào)放在引用詞里
If a sentence ends with quoted material, the period is placed inside the closing quotation mark, even if the period is not part of the original quotation.
Example:
The president’s speech both began and ended with the word “freedom.”
如果引用的材料本身以問號(hào)或感嘆號(hào)結(jié)尾,則省略句號(hào)
Note, however, that if the quoted material itself ends with a question mark or exclamation point, the period is omitted.
?
Question mark
The question mark is used at the end of a direct question. Indirect questions take a period.
句中的直接問句,無(wú)需逗號(hào)隔斷
When a direct question occurs within a larger sentence, it takes a question mark. Note that in the examples below, the question mark supplants the comma that would syntactically belong in its place.
問號(hào)是作品標(biāo)題的一部分時(shí),語(yǔ)法上必須保留逗號(hào)
請(qǐng)求句不算問句,不能用問號(hào)結(jié)尾
Requests that are phrased as questions should end with a period. These are really requests or commands, and not true questions.
Example:
Would you please send this report to the person indicated on the cover.
括號(hào)配問號(hào),表達(dá)不確定性
The question mark can be used to indicate editorial uncertainty, either in parentheses or in brackets. Some authorities include a space between the uncertain word and the opening parenthesis; others omit the space.
Example :
The patient reported taking 15(?) milligrams of alprazolam.
According to his biographer, Smith “bought the company in 1985 [1984?], but he wasn’t actively engaged in its management until 1990.”
!
Exclamation point
據(jù)說一個(gè)作家蔑視讀者最明顯的方式就是完全忽略標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。其次就是大量使用感嘆號(hào)。
The most flagrant way a writer demonstrates contempt for his readers is by ignoring punctuation altogether. A close second is the abundant use of the exclamation point.
句尾:interrobang問嘆號(hào)
The Chicago Manual of Style芝加哥格式手冊(cè)在2010年發(fā)布的16版中才允許?!標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在一起結(jié)句
句中:當(dāng)引號(hào)以感嘆號(hào)結(jié)尾時(shí)
When a quotation ends with an exclamation point, a comma that would ordinarily be placed inside the closing quotation mark is omitted.通常放在結(jié)束引號(hào)內(nèi)的逗號(hào)將被省略
如果感嘆號(hào)是作品標(biāo)題或?qū)S忻~的一部分
As editorial comment 作為編輯評(píng)論
作家有時(shí)會(huì)在括號(hào)中加一個(gè)感嘆號(hào),表示他們對(duì)所引用的內(nèi)容感到驚訝或高興。在正式寫作中避免這種情況。
Writers sometimes place an exclamation point in brackets to indicate their surprise or amusement at something being quoted. Avoid this in formal writing.
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