中考英語考前速記清單
（英語老師最后叮囑的68條語法要點）
1．建議
advice 建議，忠告（不可數(shù)）;
suggestion建議（可數(shù)）
________ useful advice you gave me! (What)
________ valuable suggestion you have offered me! (What a)
2. room / space / place:
room“房間”（可數(shù)）;“空間”（不可數(shù)）
Could you make some room for me?
你能為我讓一下空間嗎？
space“太空; 空間” （不可數(shù)） in space在宇宙太空
Is there any space for me in the car?
車里有給我留的空間嗎？(此處和room的含義相當)
place“地方”（可數(shù)），指某一具體地點。
I want to live in a place which is warm in winter.
我想住在冬季溫暖的一個地方。
It is a wonderful place to go (to).
3. news/ information/ message
news新聞，消息（不可數(shù)）;
information信息（不可數(shù)）;
message音信，口信（可數(shù)）：
Can I take a message for you?
May I leave a message?
4. job/ work
job, 可數(shù)：
I have a job as a teacher.
work, 不可數(shù)：
I cannot find work in this town.
5. 聲音voice/ noise/ sound
voice指人的聲音或嗓音;
noise指難聽刺耳的噪音，吵鬧聲;
sound指聲音的總稱。
6. 數(shù)量 number / amount
number 指可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量;
amount 指不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量
7.the/ a number of
the number of “…的數(shù)量”；
a number of: “許多的”, 都跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。
前者作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；后者作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
The number of the trees______ two thousand. （用單數(shù)謂語is. 另注意trees前有限定詞）
A number of trees ________ been cut down. （用復(fù)數(shù)謂語have. 另注意trees前無限定詞）
8. other; else
other 修飾名詞，放于名詞前。
else修飾疑問詞和不定代詞、不定副詞，放在后面。
What else can you see in the picture?
Do you have anything else to say?
Where else can you see it?
Jim is taller than any _____ boy in his class. (other)
9. well/ good
well:1)adj 指身體健康狀況好：
You look well today.
2) adv 修飾動詞或形容詞: sell well暢銷，do well in ; be well worth doing 很值得做
good：adj.修飾人或物 be good at; smell good
The clothes look _______ and they sell _______ on the market. (good; well)
10. already/ yet
already用于肯定句; yet用于否定句和疑問句
11. also; too; as well; either
“也”：either, 用于否定句的末尾。
also, 通常挨著動詞，少用于句尾。
too, 通常在句尾，前常有逗號。
as well, 只用于句尾, 前無逗號。
注意：后三個詞都不用于否定句。
12. before; ago
ago“…時間前”結(jié)構(gòu)：時間段+ago, 用于一般過去時。
The Greens moved to Shanghai four weeks ago. I saw it ten minutes ago.
(若有since+時間段+ago，常用現(xiàn)在完成時：Mr. Li has worked here since 5 years ago.)
before 單獨放在句尾，常用現(xiàn)在完成時：“以前” I have been to London before.
(若是時間段+before,常用過去完成時，“…前”：I had seen the film two weeks before. )
13. almost; nearly; hardly
almost 幾乎，差不多，后接肯定或否定詞；nearly幾乎，差不多，后接肯定意義的詞。
hardly幾乎不，表否定。
14. too much, too many與much too:
much too“過于”，加形容詞或副詞原級。
much too hot / slowly等。
too much“太多的”，加不可數(shù)名詞。
too much work / rain等。
too many“太多的”，加可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。
too many books / people等。
15. a bit / a little區(qū)別：
都可作副詞，后直接加形容詞或副詞。
I’m a bit / a little hungry. She feels a bit / a little tired.
也都可作代詞（或形容詞），后接不可數(shù)名詞，但有所不同：
She ate a little bread and went out. (a little 直接加不可數(shù)名詞)
She ate a bit of bread. （a bit先加of，再跟名詞）
16. everyday與every day:
everyday是形容詞，后接名詞，“日常的”。
He is practicing everyday English.
every day是副詞，作時間狀語，“每天”。
We speak English every day.
17．wish;hope
① wish既可接to do sth. 也可接sb + to do sth. 也可接that從句.
I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish you to join my party this Sunday.
I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （注：接that從句時，從句用虛擬語氣。）
wish還用來接祝愿語：wish sb a great success; wish you a happy journey; wish you good luck等。
② hope接to do sth. 或that從句. 但不接sb to do sth.
I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope you will get well soon.
18. spend; take; cost; pay
①It + take + sb + some time + to do sth：
It took us half an hour to cut down the tree.
②物 + cost + sb + 錢：
The bag cost me thirty yuan.
若cost后無sb, 則譯作“價錢是”：
The bag costs 30 Yuan.
③人+ pay + sb + 錢 + for sth： I paid the seller 200 Yuan for the bike.
④人 + spend + 時間/ 錢 + on sth / (in) doing sth.
The girl spent two hours (in) searching the Internet.
The girl always spends much money on her clothes.
spend 有時可指“度過”：spend holiday / weekends / winter
19. put on; wear; dress；in
①put on,“穿上”后接物。表行為，是短暫動詞。
You should put on your coat when you leave.
②wear,“穿，穿著”后接物，表狀態(tài)，是延續(xù)性動詞。
He always wears the yellow sweater in winter.
③dress, “給…穿衣”后接人。
Lucy is dressing her little brother now.
be dressed in后常接具有某種特征的衣物。也可直接加表示顏色的詞。
The lady is dressed in a white skirt.
The students are all dressed in yellow.
get dressed “穿好衣服”，常不接賓語:
He went out as soon as he got dressed.
dress up (as) ...“裝扮（成）......”
He dressed up as a clown.
他裝扮成小丑。
④in, “穿著”后接具有某種特征的衣物，表狀態(tài)，是介詞，不可作謂語，可作狀語。
也可以直接加表示顏色的詞。
The woman in a white skirt is my teacher.
I want to talk to the boy in black.
(我想找那個穿著黑衣服的男孩談?wù)劇?
20. reach; arrive; get 到達：
①get to + 地點 get to Shanghai / London / China
接地點副詞時，不帶to. get there / home / here.
②arrive in+大地點(如Beijing / Zhengzhou)，arrive at+小地點(如school / hospital)
arrive只作不及物動詞，所以也可單獨用：
Please ring me up when you arrive.
③reach只作及物動詞，后直接加地點：reach Beijing / England
但常不說reach home / there / here.
21. talk, tell, say, speak:
①talk只作不及物動詞。
Don’t talk in class.
Shall we talk about our English study?
He is talking with his teacher.
May I talk to you?
(注意talk接人和接物時介詞搭配不同：talk with / to sb ; talk about sth)
②tell只作及物動詞,“告訴；講”。常接雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)（tell sb sth.）,常用短語有：tell a lie; tell the truth; tell the difference between ---; tell sb a story; tell a joke
③say必須接有內(nèi)容，或邏輯上有內(nèi)容作賓語。 （所接內(nèi)容見以下劃線部分）
Please say it in English.
How do you say that in English?
Please show me what to say..
Do you have anything to say?
I must say sorry to you.
④speak ●“說話”不及物動詞。
●接人時先加介詞to. May I speak to Mr. Smith?
●也可譯為“說”，作及物動詞，后接語言。Do you speak English / Chinese?
22. win與beat區(qū)別：
都有“贏”的意思。win后加物：
而beat后加的是人，也可譯為“打敗”：
I’m afraid they will beat us.
23. leave; forget
①leave可指“離開”
leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan
離開鄭州到武漢
② leave留下；忘記
I left my book at home.
leave后接地點，而forget后無地點。如：
Sorry, I forgot the money.
24. take, bring, fetch與carry:
都譯為“拿”。
◆take“拿走”，從說話人處帶到另一處。Could you take the rubbish out when you leave?
◆bring“帶來”，從另一處帶到說話人處。Don’t forget to bring your homework here tomorrow.
◆get“去拿來”，先到另一地拿東西，然后再返回到說話人處。
如：When you go back to the classroom, please get me my pen.
◆carry“拿、搬、扛”，沒有特定方向。Tim is carrying a box.
25. receive; accept
receive指收到，但不一定接受；accept 指接受，收下
I ________ a gift from one of my friends, but I don’t want to _________ it. (receive; accept)
26. put 短語
put on (穿上)
put off (推遲)
put away (把…整理好)
put up (舉起，搭起，掛起，張貼)
put down (放下)
put out(撲滅);
27. turn短語
turn on 打開
turn off 關(guān)閉
turn up 調(diào)大
turn down 關(guān)小
turn out 結(jié)果是
turn to sb 向某人求助
28. give 短語
give away 贈送
give out 發(fā)放
give up 放棄
give back 歸還
give in 屈服，讓步
29. take 短語
take off 脫下，起飛
take away 拿走
take out 拿出
take in 吸收
take up 從事
30.look 短語
look up 查找
look over 仔細查看
look after 照看
look out 當心
look through 瀏覽
31. used 短語
used to do sth過去常常做某事
be used to doing sth習(xí)慣于做某事
be used to do sth =be used for doing sth被用來做某事
32．keep, make, get, have用法：
①keep + sb / sth doing sth “讓…一直做…”
I’m sorry for keeping you waiting so long.
(區(qū)別：keep + doing sth “堅持做某事，一直做某事”)
②make + sb / sth do sth讓…做某事(接動原）
I’ll try to make you understand what I mean.
make若用于被動語態(tài)，原有后接動詞原形要改為帶to不定式(本文源自錦鯉英語微信公眾號)：
I made him wait for long.
→He was made to wait for long.
③get + sb / sth to do sth.讓…做某事。
He got Peter to buy him a pen.
④have + 賓語+ 動詞原形 / ing / 過去分詞
Have him do it, please.
讓他做它吧。（him 和 do 邏輯上形成主謂關(guān)系，do用原形。）
We had the machine working.
我們讓機器一直工作著。（讓某物一直在進行著某事。）
We had the machine repaired.
我們讓人修理了那臺機器（讓機器被修理了，表被動。）
⑤也都可接形容詞：keep safe / busy, keep the door closed / open,
make us happy, get the door closed, have everything ready.
33. in/ after+一段時間
in+一段時間，用于將來時，用how soon提問。
after+一段時間，用于過去時
34.through / past / across 區(qū)別:
都可作介詞，“穿過”，前常有位移動詞(以下黑體部分)。
He climbed through the window and saw what he could take away.
（從內(nèi)部穿過）
He went past me without saying any words.
（從旁邊經(jīng)過）
He swam across the river.
（從表面經(jīng)過）【through,內(nèi)部; past,旁邊; across,表面】
位移動詞 + past相當于動詞pass; 位移動詞 + across相當于動詞cross.
35. since/ for +時間
since+過去某時間（點）
for+一段時間（段），
常用于完成時，強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，用how long提問。
36. in front of/ in the front of
in front of在物體外部的前面; in the front of在物體內(nèi)部的前面
37. 乘交通工具之表達:
①by bike / car / sea (ship) / air (plane) (前無冠詞，且不用復(fù)數(shù))
②on a horseback / his bike / the plane / a ship (有冠詞或限定詞)
③in his / a car (car前用in)
④on foot
⑤動詞短語: ride a bike / a horse; drive a car; walk; take a plane / taxi / bus; fly等。
38.常見帶介詞to的短語：
prefer…to…(與---相比較更喜歡)；
look forward to …(期待；渴望)；
pay attention to…(注意)；
be\ get used to …(習(xí)慣于)；
devote…to…(致力于)
put one’s effort into…把某人的精力投身到……
make great contribution to對……做出貢獻(以上短語可接名詞或代詞，若接動詞，需用ing形式)
the key to…(…的鑰匙) ,
the answer to--- （…的答案)；
reply to (….的答復(fù))；
lead to …(引起…);
the clue to（---的線索）;
the witness to（---的證人）
39．連詞if/whether
if 如果(引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句用將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時) / 是否(引導(dǎo)賓語從句，根據(jù)時間確定時態(tài))：
Do you know if he will go to the post office?
If he goes there, I will ask him to buy me some stamps.
兩個if, 前者“是否”；后者“如果”，觀察其后時態(tài)的不同。
whether “是否”引導(dǎo)賓語從句（相當于if），whether可接or （not）, 也可接帶to不定式。而if 則不可。
另外，if從句中用any，常不用some。
40．how long / how often / how soon / how far:
①how long 是對長度或時間段提問。
②how often是對頻率提問，如：never, sometimes, often, usually, always, once a week, twice a day, three times a year, every day / every four years等。
若只有次數(shù)，則用how many times 提問：
How many times do you watch TV a week? -Twice. / only once.】
③how soon 是對“in + 時間段”提問：
④how far是對以下三種表達法的提問：
—How far is it from your home to the school? 有以下三種回答：
▲—It’s five minutes’ walk / an hour’s ride / thirteen minutes’ bus ride.
▲—It’s about 20 kilometers away. (注意回答時不再用far,而用away)
▲—It’s 15 minutes by bus / on foot / by train / by bike.
41.主謂一致：
◇One / Neither of you is right. （單數(shù)謂語）
◇Tom, with his friends, has gone. (主語是Tom, 單數(shù)謂語)
◇This pair of shoes looks beautiful. would you like to try them on? （主語是pair, 謂語用單數(shù),但代詞用復(fù)數(shù)）
◇Every boy and every girl has a chance to do it. （此結(jié)構(gòu)中用單數(shù)謂語）
◇We each have a car. (主語是we, 用復(fù)數(shù))
◇Each of us has a car. (主語是 each, 單數(shù)謂語)
◇The old need to be looked after carefully.
The young are energetic.
(the 加形容詞表一類人或物，謂語用復(fù)數(shù))
◇Mr. and Mrs. Green are from America.
指格林夫婦 (復(fù)數(shù)謂語) 本文源自錦鯉英語微信公眾號
◇The teacher and writer is an able man.
指教師兼作家, 一個人，單數(shù)謂語。
◇Both you and I are excited about the news. （both…..and …做主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）
◇Not only you but also I am a student.
(not only--, but also---; neither---nor---; either---or---; there be有就近原則)
◇Ten years has passed since he came here.
(時間、金錢以及表度量衡的詞做主語表單數(shù))
42. there be用法：
●常有以下結(jié)構(gòu): there may be（可能有）/ must be(一定有) / used to be(曾經(jīng)有)
●there be在不同時態(tài)中的形式：There is/are/was/were/will be/is(are) going to be/have(has)been。
●there be 后接的是表示泛指的名詞，單數(shù)名詞前用不定冠詞。There is a dog under the desk.
●There is only a student taking notes now. (劃線部分邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，動詞加ing)
43. 常見后接動詞原形的詞或短語:
使役動詞（let make have）
情態(tài)動詞（can may must...）
助動詞（do does did）
why not
had better
would rather
would you please
【注意否定形式：had better / would rather /would you please直接加not + 動原】
44.常見后接動詞ing的詞或短語：
finish
enjoy
practice
imagine
suggest
spend
consider
miss(錯過)
keep/ mind
feel like
prefer…to…
can’t help（禁不住）
be busy
be worth（值得）
give up
have fun
have a good time
have trouble (in)
have problems (in)
have difficulty (in)/+doing
45. have gone to/have been to/have been in:
①have gone to+地點“已去了…（還未回來）”
-I can’t find those children, where are they?
-They have gone to the farm. (去了農(nóng)場，不在這兒)
②have been to+地點“去過…（原來去過，現(xiàn)在已回） ”句尾常接次數(shù)或地點。
She has been to Qingdao three times.
I have never been there before.
Where have you been? 你去哪兒了？(Where后省略to)
③have been in + 地點，“已在…（多久了） ”句尾常接for + 時間段，或since + 過去時間點。
Peter has been in China for a long time.
46. be + 形 + of sb 與 for sb的區(qū)別：
①It’s kind of you to help me.
你幫助我真好。
解釋：kind, nice, good, clever, foolish，lazy等詞表示的是人的特點或性格。此句相當于在說You are kind to help me. 形容詞在描述人而不是事，此情況下介詞用的是of.
②It’s easy for you to do the work.
對你來說做這事是容易的。
解釋：easy，difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等詞不是說人，而是說事，相當于To do the work is easy。此情況下介詞用的是for. 又如：It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain.是說“爬山”這件事是危險的。故用for.
47. 條件與祈使:
有時條件句可以與祈使句相互轉(zhuǎn)換。注意以下句子結(jié)構(gòu)有何不同。
①If you work hard, you will achieve your dream. 含條件句，相當于：
Work hard, and you will achieve your dream. 含祈使句，用and連接后一句子。
②If you don’t listen carefully, you won’t understand it. 相當于：
Listen to me carefully, or you won’t understand it.用or (否則）連接后一句子。
You won’t understand it unless you listen to me carefully.
48.動詞seem 的常用句型：
①It seems that +從句
It seems that he feels very sad.
②seems + adj……看起來好像…
He seems very sad.
③sb. seem to do sth.
He seems to feel very sad.
49.要某人做某事的常用句型：
ask sb. to do 叫…做某事;
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
tell sb. to do 告訴…做某事;
tell sb. not to do sth. 告訴…不要做某事如：
The teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
I was asked to clean the classroom by the teacher.
“Don’t clean the classroom.” The teacher said.(改為間接引語)
The teacher told me not to clean the classroom.
50.表達“更喜歡……”的常用句型：
①prefer sth. 更喜歡某事
I prefer English. 我更喜歡英語。
②prefer A to B. 同…相比更喜歡A .
I prefer dogs to cats.
③prefer doing A to doing B. 寧愿做A而不愿干B。
④like A better than B. 同B相比更喜歡A
⑤prefer to do A rather than do B. 同B相比更喜歡A.
⑥would rather do A than do B. 同B相比更喜歡A.
51．“該到某人做某事的時間了”句型：
①It’s time(for sb) to do sth
②It’s time for + n / doing .
③It’s one’s turn to do sth.
52．“自從……已多久”的句型
①It’s +時間段+ since+過去時態(tài)的從句.
②It has been + 時間段+ since+過去時態(tài)的從句.
③時間段 + has passed since+過去時態(tài)的從句.
It’s three months since he left his hometown .
= He left his hometown three months ago .
= Three months has passed since he left his hometown .
53．“the+比較級……，the+比較級……”“越……，越……”句型
The more you eat , the fatter you are .
你吃得越多，就越胖。
54．“比較級+ and +比較級”“越來越”的句型; more and more +多音節(jié)形容詞
He becomes stronger and stronger .
他越來越健壯。
Our scholl is getting more and more beautiful.
55. 比較級前+the特例
He is the taller of the two.
(他是兩個當中較高的那個，the表特指)
56．＂你最好做．．．．．＂句型
had better + do sth＂你最好．．．．＂
had better not + do sth “你最好不．．．＂
57．“問路”的句型
①the way to the……?
②Can\Could you tell me how I can get to the ……?
③how to get to the ……?
④which is the way to the ……?
⑤where the --- is?
58. “……出毛病了，怎么了”的句型, 句中的what 為主語。
①What’s wrong with sb\sth ?
②What’s the matter with sb\sth ?
③What’s the trouble with sth\sb ?
④There is something wrong with sb\sth.
= Something is wrong with sb/sth.
= sth is broken.= sth doesn’t work.
59．“對事物看法如何”的句型
①What do you think of sb\sth ?
②How do you like sb\sth ?
= How do you find sb\ sth?
60．“問天氣如何”的句型
①What’s the weather like today?
②How is the weather ?
61．對某人的評價
What’s sb like?
---He/ She is friendly and helpful.(人品或外貌)
What does sb look like?
---He/She is tall and slim.（外表長相）
62. 詢問職業(yè)：
What is sb? ---He/She is a teacher.
詢問身體：
How is sb? ---He/She is well.
63． “find / think + it（形式賓語）+ adj to do sth.”簡單句句型
I find it difficult for me to learn English well .
（it為形式賓語，真正的賓語是不定式to learn English well , difficult是形容詞作賓補）= I find it is difficult for me to learn English well .（賓語從句形式—復(fù)合句）
64．It is +過去分詞 +that...
It is said that+ 從句,“據(jù)說……”，相當于They say---
It is believed that 從句, “據(jù)信……
It is reported that the book will come out soon. 據(jù)報道---
65．否定前移
think/ believe/expect等后接從句時，從句中的否定要前移到主句中來。
I don’t think you are right, are you?
（主句主語是第一人稱，反意疑問句根據(jù)從句來變。）
I don’t believe he will come today, will he?.
66. find和think用法:
find / think + 賓語 + 賓語補足語。(代替賓從)
賓補有以下情況：
①名詞短語 John found him a clever boy.
②形容詞短語 Mrs. Smith thinks her kind.
③有時賓補后可接帶to不定式 I found it hard to fool the girl.
④.find后也有v-ing形式作賓語補足語 I found him reading a book just now.
67．計量表達法：
數(shù)量+單位+形容詞。
The street is two kilometers long.
That boy can jump four meters away.（此處不用far） The fish is five kilos heavy.
The street is forty meters wide.
This baby is only six months old.
若計量表達的后面跟有名詞，則要用連字符，單位不用復(fù)數(shù)。
They dug an eight-meter-deep hole.
I bought a 10-kilo-heavy fish.
It’s a piece of 2-meter-thick ice.
They built a 50-meter-wide street.
It’s a two-month holiday.
She is a three-child mother.
(最后兩句計量中省略了形容詞)
68. 定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇：
當先行詞指人時，常用who 或that; 當先行詞是物時，常用which或that。
但當先行詞前有最高級、序數(shù)詞、the only等詞修飾時只用that。
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