有些動(dòng)詞或形容詞后面接動(dòng)名詞(Ving)作賓語,有些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式形式作賓語(如ask),還有些動(dòng)詞或形容詞既可接不定式又可接ving形式作賓語(如forget, remember等),但是他們的含義卻不相同。下面列舉一些常用的動(dòng)詞和形容詞,比較其后面接動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語的區(qū)別。
1.remember和forget
remember/forget +doing表示“過去已經(jīng)做過”,指行為已經(jīng)發(fā)生過,譯為“記得做過某事/忘記做過某件事”。forget常用在“I‘ll never forget doing...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:
I still remember buying my first packet of cigarettes.我仍然記得我買第一包煙的事情。
I’ll never forget meeting the Queen.我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見過女王這件事。
remember/forget +to do表示“事情要去做”,即“事情還未做”,指行為還沒有發(fā)生。如:
Did you remember to buy my cigarettes?你還記得給我買煙嗎?
You mustn't forget to go and meet Mr Lewis at the station tomorrow.你絕不能忘記明天去車站接劉易斯先生。
2.stop
stop + doing表示“停止做某件事"。如:
I really must stop smoking.我真的需要戒煙了。
stop + to do表示”停下來去做某件事”,即“做某件事的過程中停下來去做另一件事情”。如:
Every hour I stop work to have a little rest.每隔一小時(shí)我就停下工作休息一會(huì)。
3.go on
go on + doing 表示“繼續(xù)做同一件事情”。如:
She went on talking about her illnesses until everybody went to sleep.她繼續(xù)講她的疾病直到每個(gè)人都去睡覺了。
go on + to do 表示“繼續(xù)做另外一件事”,是指停止原本手中的事,開始做另外一件事。如:
She stopped talking about her illesses and went on to tell us about all her other problems.她停止講她的疾病,繼續(xù)告訴我們她其他的所有問題。
4.regret
regret +doing 表示“對已發(fā)生的事感到遺憾(已做)”,如:
I don't regret telling her what I thought,even if it made her angry.我不后悔告訴她我所想的,即使讓她生氣。
regret +to do 表示“對將要做的事感到遺憾(未做)”,如:
British Rail regret to announce that the 13.15 train for Cardiff will leave approximately thirty-seven minutes late.This delay is due to the late running of the train.英國鐵路公司很遺憾的通知大家開往加地夫的13.15列車將大概晚37分鐘開出。推遲的原因是列車的晚點(diǎn)。
5.allow
allow + doing sth 用在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中,allow后面不用跟賓語,譯為“ 允許(做)某事”。當(dāng)allow后面跟賓語時(shí),用不定式作賓補(bǔ),即“allow sb to do sth”,譯為“允許某人做某事”。如:
We don't allow smoking in the lecture room.我們不允許在講堂里吸煙。
We don't allow people to smoke in the lecture room.我們不允許人們在講堂里吸煙。
6.see,watch,hear
see,hear,watch都是感官動(dòng)詞,后面接動(dòng)名詞(doing形式)表示“當(dāng)時(shí)一瞬間的動(dòng)作,部分過程”,意為“看/聽/看正在干什么”;后面接不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,表示“看到或聽到動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過程”。如:
I looked out of the window and saw Mary crossing the road.(=She was in the middle of crossing the road)我從窗戶往外看的時(shí)候,瑪麗正在過馬路。
I saw Mary step off the pavement,cross the road and disappera into the post office.我看到瑪麗離開人行橫道,穿過馬路,走進(jìn)郵局不見了。(目睹了從看到marry過馬路到消失的整個(gè)過程)
7.try
try +doing 表示““嘗試著干某事”“試著(用什么方法)去做某事”,指的是一種試著、做做看的做法。如:
I tried sending her flowers ,giving her presents,writing her letters;but she still wouldn't speak to me.我嘗試送她花,送她禮物,還寫過信,但是她仍然不和我講話。
try +to do 表示“努力去做某事”、“盡力干……”,指想盡一切辦法要把事情辦成。如:
I tried to write a letter ,but my hands were too cold to hold a pen.我努力去些信,但是我的手太冷了以至于不能握住鋼筆。
8.afraid
be afraid of + doing sth 表示”擔(dān)心會(huì)發(fā)生某事或某情況”,但實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生。如:
I don't like to drive fast because I'm afraid of crashing.(NOT... I'm afraid to crash.)我不想開太快,因?yàn)槲遗伦曹嚒?br>
表示害怕做某事或不敢做某事((指缺乏勇氣或害怕其后果而不敢)等,可以用 be afraid +to do sth 或者 be afraid of + doing sth。如:
I‘m not afraid of telling/ to tell her the truth.我不敢告訴她真相。
9.sorry
sorry for + doing 和 sorry about +doing 表示對過去做的事情抱歉。如:
I'm sorry for/about waking you up.(=I'm sorry that I woke you up.)我很抱歉把你吵醒了。
sorry + 不定式的完成時(shí)態(tài)(sorry + to have+過去分詞)也表示對過去做的事情感到抱歉。如:
I‘m sorry to have woken you up.我很抱歉把你吵醒了。
sorry + to do 表示”對正在做的事情或?qū)⒁龅氖虑榈狼浮?,如?br>Sorry to disturb you-could I speak to you for a moment.不好意思打擾你-我能給你說句話嗎?
I’m sorry to tell you that you failed the exam.我很抱歉告訴你你的考試沒有及格。
10.certain和sure
be certain/sure of + doing sth 表示“句子主語的信念和感覺”,意為“(他/她)確信、自信”。如:
Before the game she felt sure of winning,but after five minutes she realized that it wasn't going to be so easy.在比賽之前,她確信自己能贏,但是5分鐘后她意識(shí)到贏不是如此容易的。
be certain/sure + to do sth 表示說話人的看法,意為“一定會(huì)”、“肯定會(huì)”。如:
—“Kroftova's sure to win-the other girl hasn't got a chance.”克羅托娃一定會(huì)贏—其他女孩子不可能有機(jī)會(huì)。
—"Don't be so sure.”不要如此肯定。
11.like,love, hate,prefer,begin,start,attempt,intend,continue,can't bear
上述這些詞后面既可以接動(dòng)名詞又可以接不定式作賓語,含義沒有太大的區(qū)別。如:
I hate working/to work at weekends.我討厭在周末工作。
She began playing/to play the guitar when she was six.當(dāng)她六歲的時(shí)候,她開始彈吉他。
I intend telling her /to tell her what I think.我打算告訴她我所想的。
在英式英語中,常習(xí)慣用“l(fā)ike +doing sth”表示喜歡去做某事,指一種具體的行為,“l(fā)ike +to do sth”表示喜歡做,說明一種通常情況,一般指習(xí)慣愛好。試比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
I like climbing mountains.我喜歡爬山。
I like to start work early in the morning.我喜歡早餐很早開始工作。
在"would like,would prefer,would hate,would love"結(jié)構(gòu)后面,我們則用不定式。如:
I'd like to tell you something.我想告訴你些事情。
"Can I give you a lift?""No,thanks.I'd prefer to walk.""我能為你開電梯嗎?" “不,謝謝,我喜歡走路?!?br>I'd love to have a coat like that.我想要件那樣的外套。
試比較下面的句子:
Do you like dancing?(=Do you enjoy dancing?)你喜歡跳舞嗎?
Would you like to dance?(=Do you want to dance now? 邀請)我能請你跳舞嗎?