主謂一致
一、主謂一致三原則
主謂一致是指謂語動詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。
1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復數(shù)形式，謂語也用復數(shù)形式。
Tom ________（is / are）a good student. 湯姆是個好學生。
They often ________（plays / play）football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。
2. 意義一致原則：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復數(shù)，因此謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
My family ________（is / are）having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。
Twenty dollars ________（is / are）too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。
3. 就近一致原則：指謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近它的主語。例如：
Not only the teacher but also his students ________（like / likes）playing football.
不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學生也喜歡踢足球。
There ________（is / are）a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。
二、主謂一致常考題型
☆1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式；復數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復數(shù)形式。
The desk ________（is / are）Tom’s. 這張桌子是湯姆的。
Some water ________（is / are）in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。
The students ________（is / are）playing football on the playground.
這些學生正在操場上踢足球。
2. more than one + 單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。
More than one student ________（has / have）ever been to Beijing. 不止一個學生曾經(jīng)去過北京。
☆3. 表示時間，價格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學運算等的詞或短語作主語時，這些通常作一個整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。
Two months ________（is / are）a long holiday. 兩個月是一個長假。
Twenty pounds ________（is / are）not so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。
Ten miles ________（is / are）not a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。
Five minus four ________（is / are）one. 5減4等于1。
4. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Each boy and each girl ________（has / have）got a seat. 每個男孩和女孩都有一個座位。
Every man and every woman ________（is / are）at work. 每個男人和女人都在工作。
5. one and a half + 復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
One and a half hours ________（is / are）enough. 一個半小時足夠了。
☆6. 動詞不定式，動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
To see ________（is / are）to believe. 眼見為實。
Doing eye exercises ________（is / are）good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。
7. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
A student or two ________（like / likes）to listen to this new teacher’s class.
一兩個學生喜歡聽這位新老師的課。
☆8. 當主語部分(主語是單數(shù)時)含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時，謂語動詞一般應與第一個名詞一致。
Mike with his father ________（has / have）been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。
Mike, like his brother, ________（enjoy / enjoys）playing football.
邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。
The students as well as the teacher ________（was / were）present at the meeting.
開會的時候，學生們和老師都在場。
9. 由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，一般用復數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同
一個人，事物，或概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個人或物。
The writer and teacher ________（is / are）coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個人)
The writer and the teacher ________（is / are）coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個人)
A knife and fork ________（is / are）on the table. 桌子上放著一副刀叉。
☆10. people, police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；family, class, group, team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個一個的具體成員時，謂語動詞復數(shù)形式。
People here ________（is / are）very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。
His family ________（is / are）not large. 他家的人不多。
My family all ________（like / likes）watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。
☆11. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, nobody, everything, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
________（Is / Are）everyone here today? 今天大家到齊了嗎？
Something ________（is / are）wrong with him. 他有毛病。
Nobody ________（was / were）in. 沒有人在家。
☆12. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
Each of them ________（has / have）an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。
Neither answer ________（is / are）correct. 兩個答案都不正確。
☆13. 以—s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等。
No news ________（is / are）good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。
Maths ________（is / are）very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學很受歡迎。
☆14. 由both…and…連接兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數(shù)形式；由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動詞形式。但是如果either, each, neither作主語，則動詞為單數(shù)形式。
Either my wife or I ________（am / is / are）going.
Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else ________（know / knows）the answer.
Not only you but also he ________（is / are）ready to leave.
Each of us ________（has / have）got a new story book.
Neither of the books ________（is / are）very interesting.
15. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。但a variety of, a number of +名詞復數(shù)，動詞要用復數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
A number of students ________（is / are）going to visit this place of interest.
The number of the students ________（is / are）over 800
16．以here，there開頭的句子，若主語在兩個或兩個以上，謂語動詞通常與臨近的主語一致。
There ________（is / are）a book and three pens on the desk.
Here ________（is / are）some books and paper for you.
☆17. the+形容詞表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；表示抽象概念時，用單數(shù)形式。
The poor ________（is / are）very happy, but the rich ________（is / are）sad.
The beautiful ________（live / lives）forever. 美是永存的。
三、肯定與否定一致
下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時須作相應的變化。
We've had some (money).→ We haven't had _____________ (money).
I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to _____________.
They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom) visit us.
He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived _____________.
Li is coming, too.→ Li isn't coming, _____________.
Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going.
He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them.
☆注意：so / neither+助動詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。
My wife likes classic music very much and so do I.
She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.
主謂一致專項練習題
（ ）1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now.
A. were B. is C. was D. are
（ ）2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day.
A. isn’t B. is C. aren’t D. are
（ ）3. —How many lessons do you usually have a day?
—Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes.
A. last B. lasts C. have D. are
（ ）4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player.
A. am B. is C. be D. are
（ ）5. There ______ many new words in Lesson One, but it is very easy.
A. is B. aren’t C. isn’t D. are
（ ）6. The number of the students in our school ____1200.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
（ ）7. Maths _______ my favourite subject.
A. be B. is C. am D. are
（ ）8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city.
A. were sleeping B. is sleeping
C. was sleeping D. are sleeping
（ ）9. Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
（ ）10. That place is not interesting at all. ____of us wants to go there.
A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some
（ ）11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret.
A. know B. knows C. have know D. is
（ ）12. —What’s on the plate? Some eggs and cakes on it?
—There _____some eggs and cakes on it.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
（ ）13. This pair of glasses ______mine.
A. are B. be C. is D. will be
（ ）14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday.
A. invited B. was invited
C. had invited D. were invited
（ ）15. —Two months ______quite a long time.
—Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
（ ）16. If Bob's wife doesn't agree to go on a holiday in winter, __________.
A. neither he will B. neither won't he
C. neither will he D. he won't neither
（ ）17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, and his family ______a happy one.
A. are, is B. is, is C. are, are D. is, are
（ ）18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing.
A. has B. have C. are D. is
（ ）19. I haven't finished my homework yet. ____________.
A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either
（ ）20. All but one _____ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
