中考英語寫作步驟
●審題:看到考題后,先不要急于動(dòng)筆,要仔細(xì)看清題目要求的內(nèi)容,尤其注意中文提供的資料和信息,劃出關(guān)鍵詞。
●聯(lián)想:針對(duì)題目的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行頭腦風(fēng)暴brain storming,聯(lián)想各種與其相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn)、詞匯、句型等,并作簡(jiǎn)單記錄。
●定位:根據(jù)自己已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和詞匯量,選擇出自己最熟悉、最有把握的方面和論點(diǎn),并簡(jiǎn)要列出文章的主要結(jié)構(gòu)。
●行文:緊緊圍繞中心內(nèi)容開始寫作,要做到結(jié)構(gòu)完整,有開頭、有主體、有結(jié)尾;做到要點(diǎn)齊全,既不添枝加葉又不遺漏要點(diǎn);語言要規(guī)范,切忌硬譯、亂譯,根據(jù)語法編造一些不地道的語言;句與句之間連貫流暢,也就是正確恰當(dāng)使用連詞和過渡句。
●潤(rùn)色:對(duì)于有能力的同學(xué),可適當(dāng)加入高級(jí)詞匯及復(fù)雜句型,可引入初中的語法重點(diǎn),如定語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句及被動(dòng)語態(tài)等,這些將成為作文的亮點(diǎn),使作文獲得更高的分?jǐn)?shù)。但同學(xué)們一定注意所有這些都應(yīng)以正確使用為前提,否則寧可不用。
●復(fù)查:整篇作文寫完后,一定要仔細(xì)檢查,注意時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、字母的大小寫、單詞拼寫和主謂一致的準(zhǔn)確性。
●謄寫:字跡要清晰,讓閱卷人看得清楚,不可潦草得難以辨認(rèn),同時(shí)要保持卷面的整潔。
中考英語寫作四大“雷區(qū)”
1、時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)亂:為了保證文章層次分明、條理清楚,要把時(shí)間固定下來,如:記敘一件事要用過去時(shí);寫經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事或?qū)θ宋锏拿鑼?,要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。整個(gè)文章中的人稱要一致,首尾呼應(yīng),不要隨意改動(dòng),以免造成誤解。
2、亂用詞匯:不要為了追求“一鳴驚人”而去找一些生冷的詞匯,對(duì)這些一知半解的詞你不會(huì)用,不知道如何搭配,結(jié)果可能適得其反,使文章顯的生硬、不協(xié)調(diào),甚至錯(cuò)誤百出,所以要使用有把握的詞,避免不必要的失分。比如說發(fā)生了一起意外事件,我們通常用“have an accident ”來表示,不要錯(cuò)誤的使用“have an incident”。
3、誤用搭配:注意不同語言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,也是寫好英語作文的重要環(huán)節(jié),如“我的理想是做一名歌手”,很多同學(xué)寫成 “My ambition is to do/make a singer,” “to do”表示“做”或者“干”,“to make”表示“制作”,而“做一名歌手”則表示“成為一名歌手”應(yīng)該用“be/become a singer”;又如“看書、看報(bào)”應(yīng)用“read a book/newspaper”,而不是“see a book/newspaper”。因此,平時(shí)應(yīng)該注意不同語言的表達(dá)習(xí)慣,切忌望文生義或一味生搬硬套。
4、行文單一:有些同學(xué)因怕出錯(cuò)而只寫短句或簡(jiǎn)單句,寫出的文章過于幼稚、空洞乏味。要使文章有血有肉就要把平時(shí)學(xué)的知識(shí)用進(jìn)去,如:定語從句、賓語從句、非謂語動(dòng)詞和比較等句型,關(guān)鍵時(shí)用上一、二個(gè),就能使文章不同凡響,更有文采,特別是對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)詞的使用,如“so that”、“not…but ”“not only...but also” 等,會(huì)使你的文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)緊密、層次鮮明、條理清楚,更能顯示出你的英文功底,但要做到這些并非一日之功,要靠平時(shí)的不斷訓(xùn)練和積累。
巧用連接詞——連接詞是連接上下文的關(guān)鍵,要想使文章有整體性、連貫性,就要學(xué)會(huì)正確使用連接詞。下面請(qǐng)你認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)并學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用下列常見連接詞 :
表示羅列增加: first, second, third,/ first, then / next, finally /for one thing … for another…, /on (the) one hand…on the other hand, /besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover /in particular
表示時(shí)間順序:now, at present, recently, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, since than,
表示解釋說明: in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, that is (to
say), namely, in other words,in fact, actually
表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系: but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead of,in spite of,
表示并列關(guān)系: or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果關(guān)系: because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), so…that, such…that
表示條件關(guān)系: as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示舉例 : for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example, such as, and so on,
表示比較: be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with/
to…just like, just as,
表示目的: for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示強(qiáng)調(diào): in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt,
truly, obviously, above all,
表示概括歸納: in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know , finally, at last, to sum up
常用句型:
1.in order to: He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想,他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。
2. so…that: They were all so tired that they could do nothing.
他們太累了,什么都做不了了。
3. such…that: It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
天氣非常冷,以致于街上一個(gè)人都沒有。
4. would rather do…than do: He would rather listen to others than talk
himself.
5. prefer doing to doing: He preferred doing something to doing nothing.
他總是愿找些事做而不愿意閑著。
6. prefer to do…rather than do:I prefer to join in the summer camp rather
than stay at home.
比起待在家里我更愿意去參加夏令營(yíng)。
7. not only…but also: Forests can not only fresh the air but also reduce
noises.
森林不但可以凈化空氣,而且可以減少噪音。
8. as well as: Football as well as computer game is popular with young
people.
足球和電腦游戲一樣深受青年喜愛
9. …as well: The child is active and funny as well.
這個(gè)小孩活潑又可愛。
10. one…the other:There are two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is
桌上有兩支鋼筆。一支是紅色的,另一支是黑色的。
11. some…others:There are many foreign students in our class. Some of them are from Europe, others come from America.
12. make…+adj /n: Beijing has a population of 13 million, making it one of
the largest cities in china.
What we do will make the world more beautiful.
我們所做的可以讓世界更美麗。
13. not…until:
昨天我直到深夜才睡。
14. it is no good doing…: It’s no good talking without thinking carefully.
沒考慮清楚就講是不好的。
15. find it + adj to do…: I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.
我覺得作聽力時(shí)有必要作筆記。
16. it is + time since…: It is two years since I last met you.
我已經(jīng)有兩年沒見你了。
17. it is + time when…:It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.
我到電影院時(shí)已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)鐘了
18. it is…that…:It is friendship that I value most.
我最重視的是友情。
常用成語:
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 雙鳥在林不如一鳥在手。
A word spoken is an arrow let fly. 一言既出,駟馬難追。
As you sow you shall mow. 種瓜得瓜,種豆得豆。
Behind bad luck comes good luck. 塞翁失馬,焉知非福。
The unexpected always happens.想不到的事情總會(huì)發(fā)生。
Little leaks sink the ship. 千里長(zhǎng)堤,潰于蟻穴。
Be honest rather clever. 誠(chéng)實(shí)比聰明更要緊。
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