一、基本用法

There be 句型是英語(yǔ)中最為常用的句型之一，主要用來(lái)表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。

There在此結(jié)構(gòu)中是引導(dǎo)詞，已經(jīng)沒(méi)有副詞“那里”的含義。be后的名詞是句子的主語(yǔ)。其基本用法結(jié)構(gòu)為：

There be+名詞主語(yǔ)（人或物）+地點(diǎn)

其中，be的形式隨著后面的名詞時(shí)單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)而變化，即：當(dāng)be后面接的是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則采用is；當(dāng)be后面接的是復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，則采用are。如：

There is a man under the tree.
There are some apples on the table.

【注意】

1、否定句

There be的否定句一般是直接在be后加not，not可以縮略為't。如果原句中還有some，一般要改為any。如：

There isn't a man under the tree.
There aren't any apples on the table.

還有一種否定表達(dá)方式是通過(guò)no來(lái)表達(dá)，此時(shí)的no相當(dāng)于not...any。如：

There is no water in the bottle.
There isn't any water in the bottle.
There are no pictures on the wall.
There aren't any pictures on the wall.

2、一般疑問(wèn)句

There be句型要改為一般疑問(wèn)句，只要把be提到句首即可。其肯定回答為：Yes, there is/are，否定回答為：No, there isn't/aren't。如果原句中含有some，也要改為any。如：

- Is there a man under the tree?

- Yes, there is. / No, there isn't.

- Are there any apples on the table?

- Yes, there are. / No, there aren't.

3、特殊疑問(wèn)句

There be 句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句主要有how many和how much做引導(dǎo)詞兩種情況。如：

There are five thousand students in our school. （就five thousand提問(wèn)）
How many students are there in your school?
There is a little money in my wallet. （就a little提問(wèn)）
How much money is there in your wallet?

4、反義疑問(wèn)句

There be的反義疑問(wèn)句一般是以be作為反義疑問(wèn)部分的助動(dòng)詞來(lái)用，它也遵循“前肯后否、前否后肯”的原則。如：

There is a cup on the table, isn't there?

該句前半句為肯定句，所以反義疑問(wèn)句部分要采用否定的isn't。

There is no juice left in the bottle, is there?

該句前半句為否定句，所以反義疑問(wèn)句部分要采用肯定的is。

二、主謂一致

1、不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)

當(dāng)be后接的是不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be要采用is；當(dāng)其后接的是由表量的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)所連接的不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，be要采用are。如：

There is some bread on the plate.
There are three pieces of bread on the plate.

2、就近原則

如果There be 后面是幾個(gè)并列名詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞be的形式和最靠近它的那個(gè)名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。如：

There is an apple, two plates and five bowls on the table.
There are two plates, an apple and five bowls on the table.

三、時(shí)態(tài)變化

There be 句型中的be可以有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)和完成時(shí)的變化。如：

There are some people talking loudly in the reading room.
There was a car race in the town last year.
There will be a meeting next Friday.
There has been a great increase in population in the city in the past five years.

四、與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的連用

There be句型也可以與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用。其基本用法結(jié)構(gòu)為：There+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+名詞主語(yǔ)+其他成分。如：

There may be a great exhibition in Shanghai next year.
There must be some cakes left in the box.
There used to be a hospital there before the war.

五、各種句型中的There be

There be句型也可以和be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to等常用句型連用。其基本用法結(jié)構(gòu)為：There+特殊句型+be+名詞主語(yǔ)+其他成分。如：

There seem to be a big difference between the twins.
There is going to be a film in the village tonight.
There is likely to be a snowstorm.
There happened to be a man nearby.
There appeared to have been a tragic accident last week.

六、與其它動(dòng)詞的連用

There be句型中的be有時(shí)會(huì)被替換為其他行為動(dòng)詞。如：

There came a breeze that his wife had eloped with her lover. （有謠言說(shuō)他妻子與她情人私奔了。）
Once upon a time, there lived a princess who was very beautiful. （從前，有一位非常美麗的公主。）