虛擬語氣是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，但是其變化有明顯的規(guī)律，掌握之后，非常便于記憶。
一.概念
語氣有三種: 陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。語氣表示說話人對勸詞所示的動作或所處的狀態(tài)持有的態(tài)度或看法。
二.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講
1、辨別if 引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句和if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的區(qū)別
If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.
If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.
2、虛擬條件句: 1)主句和從句的謂與動詞構(gòu)成形式如下表
2)混合時間的虛擬語氣
如果條件句中的動作和主句的動作不是同時發(fā)生，主句和從句的謂語動詞的形式應(yīng)分別根據(jù)各自所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。
1)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.
2)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.
3)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.
3）隱含條件虛擬語氣
without；but for；except for；“if it were not for + 賓語”或“were it not for + 賓語”；
But that + 從句；主句謂語用虛擬語氣，時態(tài)變化同上表。
4)倒裝省略句
如果虛擬語氣的條件從句謂語動詞中含有were, had, should，could有時可將if省去，而將條件從句的主語置于were, had, should, could之后。
Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I you, I would do more practice after class.
Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.
3、should/ could / might/ ought to + have done : 表示“過去本應(yīng)該/可以做而實(shí)際上卻沒做”
needn’t have done ：表示“過去沒必要作而實(shí)際上做了”
對比：must have done 一定已經(jīng)……
He could have done well in the past exam, didn’t he?
He must have finished his homework, hasn’t he?
4、wish型虛擬語氣：wish 后面的賓語從句的謂語動詞應(yīng)使用虛擬語氣，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不該…；但愿…。”
典例：1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.
2)I wish I were ten years younger.
3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.
4)He wishes that we would visit the old school.
5、should型虛擬語氣：在含有表 “建議、命令、要求、請求、決定、義務(wù)”等語氣的句中借助should(可省略)使用虛擬語氣。
1) 動詞后的賓語從句 2) 名詞后的表語從句 3) 名詞后的同位語從句
4) it +be +v-ed that 后的從句 5) It +be +形容詞+ that后的從句
常見用虛擬語氣的詞語：
1）動詞： 一堅持: insist; 二命令:order, command; 三建議: advise, suggest, propose; 四要求: demand, desire, require, request；insist（堅持）, recommend（推薦）
2)分詞：
It is proposed that …(人們建議……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) ,
It is requested that … (人們要求……) It is suggested that … (有人建議……) ,
It is recommended that …(有人推薦……) It is demanded that …(根據(jù)要求……) ,
It is decided that …(已經(jīng)決定……) It is arranged that … (已經(jīng)安排……) 等等。
3) 形容詞、名詞：it be +adj. / n+that +從句
important（重要的）；advisable（明智的）；desirable（希望能夠的）；
natural（自然的）；compulsory（義務(wù)得）；necessary必要的）；
regretful（遺憾的）；strange（奇怪的）；proper（適當(dāng)?shù)模?/span>；
urgent（緊急的）；duty（義務(wù)、責(zé)任）；a pity（遺憾）；
a regret（遺憾）
4) suggest: (1)“建議” 主語+ suggested（that）主語 +（should）+ do
(2)“表明；暗示” 主語+ suggested（that）主語 + did (或had done)
①The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.
②The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.
5) insist：(1) “堅持要去做…” 主語+ insisted（that）主語 +（should）+ do
(2) “堅持堅持說/解釋”，主語+ insisted（that）主語 + did (或had done)
The boss insisted that the man had stolen the money and insisted that he (should) leave the company at once. 老板堅持說那個人偷了錢并堅持要求他立刻離開公司。
典例：(1) My advice is that more trees should be planted in our school.
(2) They won’t accept the suggestion that we should cut all the trees.
(3) It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away.
(4) It is essential（絕對必要的）that he ( should ) do his homework first.
6、would rather型虛擬語氣：
1）would rather + (that) +主語+ did；
2) would rather + (sb.) (that) + 主語 + had done
I would rather you had bought
the coat yesterday
7、as if / as though 型虛擬語氣
表現(xiàn)在—從句did；表過去—過去完成式 had done；表將來—should /would /might+動原
對比：as if 引導(dǎo)從句情況與現(xiàn)實(shí)接近是不用虛擬
It seems / looks as if it is going to rain.
8、If only型虛擬語氣: “要是…就好了”
表現(xiàn)在—從句did；表過去—過去完成式 had done；表將來—should /would /might+動原
If only you hadn’t heard
their complains yesterday.
9、It is (about / high) time ( that )+主語 + did
It is high time (that) you went to school.
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