（六） 介詞
介詞與名詞，動(dòng)詞，形容詞的搭配是易錯(cuò)之處
37. The article is good except a few spelling mistakes.
此句應(yīng)在except 后加for, 表示美中不足之意。而except 用來(lái)排除同類的人或物，如：They all went there except Tom.
38. Please wait me at the station.
wait 為不及物動(dòng)詞, 需加介詞for后才能再跟名詞或代詞做賓語(yǔ)，但后面接時(shí)間，則不用for, 如I have waited 3 hours.
39. He has been married with Betty for more than twenty years.
marry 不跟with 連用, 應(yīng)把with改為to.
40. I finished the work on time under the help of him.
“在---的幫助下”用with而不用under，在……領(lǐng)導(dǎo)或統(tǒng)治下用under, 如under the rule of these landlords.
（七） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
請(qǐng)注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示判斷和反意問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成
41. He can be at work now because the light in his room is still on.
表特別有把握的肯定判斷時(shí)用must，表特別有把握的否定判斷時(shí)用can’t，can表判斷時(shí)只用在否定句中。因此把can改為must。
42. He need come here before the meeting begins.
作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)need用在否定，疑問(wèn)和條件句中，不能用于肯定句中，而作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)則常用于肯定句。所以應(yīng)改為：He needs to come here before the meeting begins.
43. He used to get up very early in the morning, and now he is still doing so.
used to 用來(lái)表示過(guò)去常常做某事而現(xiàn)在不做了，所以應(yīng)把后半句改為: but now he is not doing so.
44. I needn’t come yesterday because all the work had been finished.
由于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身不體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)，所以在談?wù)撨^(guò)去的事情時(shí)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加have done，因此在needn’t后加have，表示本不需要來(lái)而實(shí)際來(lái)了。
45. You hadn’t better stay up too late because you have to get up early tomorrow.
had better 的否定在better后面加not. 另外幾個(gè)否定句式，I would rather not, I don’t have to， I oughtn’t to do, 均需注意。
（八） 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)的常用時(shí)態(tài)有七種，一般根據(jù)上下文和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)確定時(shí)態(tài)。
46. Mother will give him the gift when she will come tomorrow.
主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，其時(shí)間、條件、方式和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此將will come改為comes。又如，I won’t go unless he goes there next week.
47. The talk is about to begin in ten minutes.
be about to 一般不與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。因此把in ten minutes去掉，或?qū)bout 改為going。
48. The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looking at the captain and then died.
此處look并非伴隨狀語(yǔ)，而是三個(gè)并列的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，因此把looking改為looked。又如，He got there, bought some presents and visited his aunt.
49. I have bought this radio for ten years and I am still using it now.
當(dāng)句中有for加一段時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，此處把bought改為kept。常用的瞬間動(dòng)詞有：join, leave, come, die, begin, end, arrive, reach等。
50. I haven’t learnt any French before I came here.
我來(lái)這兒已經(jīng)是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，在此之前發(fā)生的事應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。因此應(yīng)把haven’t改為hadn’t。又如：By the end of last century they had built 100 bridges.
（九） 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)
及物動(dòng)詞用在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要有賓語(yǔ)，因此可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞用于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不能接賓語(yǔ)，因此無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
51. The two thieves have been disappeared.
disappear為不及物動(dòng)詞，因此不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，應(yīng)把been去掉。常考的不及物動(dòng)詞及詞組有g(shù)o, arrive, break out, take off, belong to等。
52. The building built now will be our teaching building.
表“現(xiàn)在正在建的”應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此在built前加being。不加being則表示已蓋完了。
53. He is being operated by the famous doctor.
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的完整性，別忘了介詞或副詞?！敖o---做手術(shù)”應(yīng)為operate on sb.，所以在operated后加上on。又如：The child should be taken good care of.
54. The work should do at once.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加be, 改為should be done。
55. The book written by him is sold well.
說(shuō)一本書(shū)暢銷是指書(shū)本身的屬性，因此不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。本句應(yīng)改為：The book written by him sells well. 但表示被賣出去了，則要用被動(dòng)。如，The books are sold out.
56．The book is happened to get in the store .
happen 不能有被動(dòng)，而不定式to get 則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式。此句改成 The book happened to be got in the dtore.
（十） 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和動(dòng)名詞。所謂非謂語(yǔ)即在句中不作謂語(yǔ)。
57.We are going to talk about the problem discussing at the last meeting.
此處為分詞作定語(yǔ)，問(wèn)題應(yīng)該被討論，所以把discussing改為discussed。
過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，而現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在。
58. The girl dressed herself in red is my sister.
dress 為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“給---穿衣服”，此處為分詞作定語(yǔ)修飾girl，girl應(yīng)是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，因此把herself去掉。dress表動(dòng)作后面應(yīng)接人，如She dressed herself this morning.
59. Being seriously ill, his classmates sent him to hospital.
分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)為這句話的主語(yǔ)，此句應(yīng)為“因?yàn)樗×?，他的同學(xué)才把他送到醫(yī)院去”，因此把前半句改為：He being seriously ill, 或Because he was seriously ill.
60. Having not seen her for many years, we could hardly recognize her.
現(xiàn)在分詞的否定應(yīng)把not放在現(xiàn)在分詞前面，所以前半句應(yīng)改為：Not having seen her for many years。又如：Not hearing from her, they looked worried.
61. Seeing from the space, the earth looks like a ball.
分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)是這句話的主語(yǔ)，此句中地球應(yīng)該被看，所以把Seeing改為Seen。
62. English is easy to learn it.
此句中是不定式作狀語(yǔ)修飾easy，English應(yīng)該是learn的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，所以把it去掉，又如，The work is difficult to do.
63. I will get somebody repair the recorder for you.
“讓某人做某事”可以有以下幾種表達(dá)法：make sb do sth; have sb do sth; get sb to do sth。因此在repair前加to。又如賓語(yǔ)后省掉to的還有l(wèi)et, feel, hear, see等。
64. She decided to work harder so as to not fall behind the others.
不定式的否定把not放在to前面。因此應(yīng)改為：She decided to work harder so as not to fall behind the others.
65. It’s better to laugh than crying.
表比較時(shí)比較的雙方應(yīng)為同種結(jié)構(gòu)，或都是動(dòng)名詞或都是不定式。因此有兩種改法：It’s better to laugh than to cry.或It’s better laughing than crying.
66. It’s no use to send for the doctor.
做某事是沒(méi)用的要說(shuō)成It’s no use doing，所以把to send改為sending。同樣的結(jié)構(gòu)還有it’s no good doing sth
67. She practises to play the piano after school every day.
practise 后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，因此把to play改為playing。其后只接doing 的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)還有：enjoy, finish, mind, consider, imagine, give up, put off 等。
68. When the teacher came in, the students stopped listening to the teacher.
stop doing為停止做這件事，而stop to do為停下正在做的事去做另一件事。所以后半句應(yīng)該為：the students stopped to listen to the teacher. 接to do和doing意思不一樣的動(dòng)詞還有forget, remember, regret 等。
聯(lián)系客服
