1. What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom?
在盥洗室里喬找不到的東西到底是什么？
本句是強調(diào)句型：It is +強調(diào)部分+that從句。本句型用于強調(diào)句中的除開謂語之外的某一成分，如主語、賓語或狀語。
[例] I met Peter yesterday in the library.
我昨天在圖書館里碰到了彼得。
It was I that / who met Peter yesterday in the party. (強調(diào)主語)
是我在昨天圖書里碰到彼得的。
It was Peter that / who / whom I met yesterday in the library. (強調(diào)賓語)
我昨天在圖書館里碰到的是彼得。
It was yesterday that I met Peter in the library. (強調(diào)時間狀語)
我是在昨天圖書館里碰到彼得的。
It was in the library that I met Peter yesterday. (強調(diào)地點狀語)
我是在圖書館里碰到彼得的。
強調(diào)句型應注意的要點：
①強調(diào)句中的連接詞一般只用who(指人)，強調(diào)主句，whom(指人，強調(diào)賓語)或that(指物或人)；若被強調(diào)的是狀語，只能用that，而不能用when或者where；連接詞不能省略。
②強調(diào)句子的主語時，that或who之后的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致。
[例] It is Mary who often comes to school late.
是瑪麗上學經(jīng)常遲到。
③判斷是否是強調(diào)句的一般方法是：如果將句中的It is / was … that / who …去掉，經(jīng)整理后還是一個完整的句子，本句就是強調(diào)句。否則，不是。
[例] It was in today’s newspaper that we found the news.
他是在今天的報紙上打到那條新聞的。
去掉It was … that后，句子可以整理為：We found the news in today’s newspaper. 這是一個完整的句子，故本句是強調(diào)句。
強調(diào)句型的常見考法：
①用介詞短語來作為被強調(diào)的部分。
[例] It was for this reason that he left the company.
正是因為此原因他才離開公司。
It was in this way that he solved the problem.
正是用這種辦法他才解決了問題。
②用時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句等作為強調(diào)的部分
[例] It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty.
我在重讀了他的詩歌之后才開始欣賞到這些詩歌的美。
③用not until結(jié)構(gòu)作為被強調(diào)的部分。
[例] It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
直到她取下眼鏡之后我才意識到她是一位影星。
④在被強調(diào)的部分后接定語從句，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更加復雜。
[例] It was on July 5th, 1980 when he was born that his father died.
他是在1980年7月5日即其父親去世的那一天出生的。
⑤通過句型轉(zhuǎn)換來進行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑問句等。
[例] Was it during the Second World War that he died?
他是在二戰(zhàn)期間去世的嗎？
When was it that the sports meeting began?
運動會什么時候開始？
It was not Tom that stole the book.
不是湯姆偷了書。
Wasn’t it he that had made a mistake?
難道不是他犯了錯誤的嗎？
⑥通過改變系動詞的形式來進行考查。強調(diào)句型的系動詞除了用is或was外，還可以在其前面加上may / might / must等表示推測的情態(tài)動詞。
[例] It might be him that you met yesterday.
你昨天遇到的或許是他。
[典型例題]
1. I just wonder ___ that makes him so excited. (06山東卷32)
A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is
答案D。
2. ---______ that he managed to get the information?
---Oh, a friend of his helped him (05山東卷31)
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
答案.C。
2. With so many people communicating in English every day, we can see that it will be more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
每天有這么多的人用英語交流，我們可以看出掌握英語是越來越重要。
“with +賓語+賓補”是with引起的復合結(jié)構(gòu)，常用作原因或伴隨狀語，也可作定語。
除了可以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓補外，根據(jù)賓補與賓語的關系，還有以下形式：
with +賓語+形容詞
with +賓語+副詞
with +賓語+介詞短語
with +賓語+過去分詞
with +賓語+動詞不定式
[例] He fell asleep with the window open.
他睡著了卻沒有關窗子。
He was working there with only a shirt on.
他只穿一件襯衫在那里干活。
The policeman was running after the robber, with a gun in his hand.
警察手里拿著一把槍在追搶劫犯。
With my homework finished, I went out to play football.
作業(yè)寫完后，我去出踢足球。
With nothing to do, I went out for a walk.
由于沒有什么事情可做，我便到外面去散步。
[典題示例]
John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
答案：A
解析：with sth. done為獨立主格，作伴隨狀語。
3. However, most of the time people from the two countries do not have any difficulty in understanding each other.
然而，在多數(shù)時間里，英國人和美國人都能容易地相互聽懂對方所說的話。
常用句型have / find / there be + (any / some / no / much, etc.) difficulty (in) doing sth / with sth.表示“做某事有……的困難”，其中difficulty通常用單數(shù)形式。
[例] We have no difficulty (in) dealing with the matter.
我們處理此事沒有困難。
He found some difficulty in finishing the task / with the task on time.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)按時完成任務有些困難。
本短語中difficulty也可替換成trouble，均為不可數(shù)名詞。后接名詞時，常用介詞with。
4. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed.
長期以來，美國英語保持原狀，但英國英語卻發(fā)生了變化。
此句中的while意為“而；然而”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比。
[例] He always stays the calm while his brother gets excited easily.
他總是很平靜，而他弟弟卻很容易激動。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
東南部雨量充足，而東北部則很少下雨。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
有些人浪費糧食，然而有些人卻吃不飽。
You like sports, while I prefer music.
你喜歡體育，而我更喜歡音樂。
( 1 )在作“然而”解時，while句子不能放在前面。while和but有所不同，while用于對比，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；在用同一個主語表達不同動作并進行轉(zhuǎn)折時應用but，不用while來表示轉(zhuǎn)折。下面兩句均不能用while。
[例] He is not a scientist, but a musician.
他不是科學家，而是音樂家。
I like sports but don’t like music.
我喜歡體育而不喜歡音樂。
( 2 ) while 引導讓步狀語從句時，意為“盡管； 雖然”。
[例] While I don’t have much money, I would like to help the people who need help.
[典題示例]
1. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall ______, in fact, there were 40.
A. while B. whether C. what D. with
答案：A
解析：while此處表轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”。
The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, ______ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.
A. since B. when C. as D. while
答案：D
解析：將生活開支與生活質(zhì)量進行對比。
2. ______ I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.
A. As B. Since C. If D. While
答案：D
解析：while引出讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管，雖然”，此處while不表轉(zhuǎn)折，而表讓步。
3. I’d like to study law at university ______ my cousin prefers geography.
A. though B. as C. while D. for
答案：C
解析：while表示對比轉(zhuǎn)折，意為“然而”。
4. I won’t call you _______ something unexpected happens.
A. unless B. whether C. because D. while
答案：A
解析：考查連詞的用法，unless意為“如果不…，除非…”。即：如果沒有意外之事，我不給你打電話了。whether意為“是否”；because表原因，意為“因為”；while表時間等，意為“當…之時”，皆不合題意。
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