一.動(dòng)詞be(is,am,are)的用法:說(shuō)明身份,年齡,狀態(tài)等。
口訣:我(I)用am, 你(you)用are,is跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。
單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。
變否定,更容易,be后not加上去。
變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。
be動(dòng)詞的用法:
be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。
第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來(lái)用。
句型解析析:I am+…
I am a student. I am a boy.
第二人稱(You)配合are使用。
句型解析:You are+…
You are my good friend. You are a good person.
第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。
句型解析:She(He, It) is +…
She is a good girl. She is so cute.
人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。
句型解析:We (You, They) are +…
We are in Class 5,Grade 7. Youare good students.
注意:
1 綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,前面請(qǐng)先加上第幾人稱。
be動(dòng)詞前面的人稱,是不可隨意替換的。例如:
I am, You are, She is,并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is, Youam, She are 這樣的情形。
2 當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前
例如:youand I, Tom and I
當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面,
例如:youand Tom
當(dāng)三者都有時(shí),排序?yàn)椋?/span>2 3 1
例如you, Tom and I
練習(xí):1. Where______ Ann . She ______ here.
2. How old ______ you . I ______ thirteen.
3. ______ you Mr Read . Yes, I ______.
4. What ______ your name. Myname ____ Ann
二 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can
1 can作“能、會(huì)”解,否定式是cannot,縮寫為can’t。
“can+動(dòng)詞原形” “can’t+動(dòng)詞原形” :表示某人能做或不能做某事
Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。
Can 表示的”能力”為現(xiàn)在的能力,而不是過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的能力。
1). for ability表示能力。例如:
—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.
I can run fast,can you?
2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如:
—Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎?不,她不會(huì)。
3). indicatingpermission表示許可。例如:
Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?
Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎?
We can’t wear jeans at work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。
4). indicatingrequests表示要求。例如:
Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎?
Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?
5). indicatingpossibly表示可能性。例如:
That can’t be Mary—she’s inhospital.那不可能是瑪麗—她住院了。
He can’t have slept through allthat noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺(jué)。
There’s someone outside—who canit be?外面有人—會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?
6). used to makesuggestions用以提出建議。例如:
We can eat in a restaurant, ifyou like.你愿意的話,咱們可以在飯館吃飯。
I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開(kāi)車去。
三 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Would
1 Would是will的過(guò)去式,可用于各人稱,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的"意志"、"愿望"和 "決心"等。
如:Itold peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。
2 would用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)時(shí),不論是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:
Would you like to have a glassof wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?
Would you please tell me theway to the nearest bus-stop?
[注]在日常會(huì)話中,I would like to和I should like to都可以說(shuō),I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like。如:yes, I’d like to. Yes, I’d love to
Yes,very much. Sorry, ai already have anappointment.
3 Would還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I found that retired personswould often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。
When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問(wèn)題要解決時(shí),他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。
練習(xí):
1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_A___.
A. mustn't B. can't C. needn't D. may not
2 The children___ playfootball on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
3 -Shall we go and visit theHistory Museum next Sunday?
A. Here you are B.Sorry, I can't C. Yes, please D. Let me try
4 Excuse me. ___ you pleasepass me that cup?
A. Do B.Should C. Would D. Must
5 ___ you like to have another try?
A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do
6 -Would you like to goboating with us? -Yes, ___.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
四“there be”句型
There be句型主要用以表達(dá)“某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。
”其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))”其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用is和are兩種形式。
There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:
Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:
①Thereis a tree behind the house.
②Thereis some water(水)inthe bottle(瓶子).
③Thereare some pears in the box.
(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循“遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰”的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:
①Thereis a book and some pens on the floor.
②Thereare some pens and a book on the floor.
肯定句:there is an apple on the table
否定句:there isn't an apple on the table.
一般疑問(wèn)句: Is there an apple on the table? 回答:yes, there is./ No, there isn't
特殊疑問(wèn)句:what is there on the table.
1. 定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。
2. 結(jié)構(gòu):
(1)There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
(2)There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).
there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。
① There is a bird in thetree. 樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。
② There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom.
我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。
③ There are two boys and a girlunder the tree. 樹(shù)下有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩。
3. There be句型與have的區(qū)別:
(1)There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下:There be表示“某處存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”,它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。 eg.
①He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。
②There are two men in theoffice. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。
(2)當(dāng)have表示“包括”、“存在”的含義時(shí),There be 句型與其可互換。
①Aweek has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。
4 變臉一:否定句
There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如:
Thereare some pictures on the wall. →There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are nopictures on the wall.
Thereis a bike behind the tree. → There isn't a bike behind the tree
.=There is no bike behind the tree.
5 變臉二:一般疑問(wèn)句
There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可,此為\"調(diào)整法\"。但同時(shí)要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí),要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)??纯聪旅鎯删涫侨绾?/span>\"改頭換面\"的吧:
Thereis some water on Mars. → Is there any water on Mars?
Thereare some fish in the water. →Are there any fish in the water?
6 變臉三:特殊疑問(wèn)句
Therebe句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式有以下三種變化:
① 對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn):當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),用\"Who\'s+介詞短語(yǔ)?\";當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),用\"What\'s + 介詞短語(yǔ)?\"。注意:無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。如:
Thereare many things over there. →What's over there?
Thereis a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
② 對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn):提問(wèn)地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用"Where is /are+主語(yǔ)?\"啦!例如:
Thereis a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
Thereare four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
③ 對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn):一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu):
Howmany+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)?
Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)?
練習(xí):
五 “have got”
六 序數(shù)詞
七 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
1) 它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛(ài)好等。
e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV.
3)表示客觀真理,表示格言或警句中
e.g. There are seven days in aweek. The moon moves round the earth.
一 其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語(yǔ)序,即“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它”,有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可提前.
二 其句式變化可分為兩種情況
1)表示動(dòng)作, 一般人稱作主語(yǔ)的,變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t;變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。
They have lunch at 12:00. Theydon’t have lunch at 12:00.
Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2)單三人稱做主語(yǔ)的,變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t;變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。
Jenny speaks English verywell. Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English verywell?
含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.
E.g. Danny is a good student. Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
三 其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為often、 usually、 always、 sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
做題時(shí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤如下:
一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中
例:Weare plant (plant) the trees in spring.
解析:學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)的思維方式去翻譯,就成了“我們是在春天植樹(shù)”。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最忌諱的,要看語(yǔ)法是不是正確,在英語(yǔ)中,be是表狀態(tài),do是表動(dòng)作,兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:“英漢語(yǔ)言有差異,be 、do不能放一起,仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析,語(yǔ)法千萬(wàn)要牢記。”
二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)
例:1He plaies (play) football very well.
2 Danny gos (go) to school at7:10. 答案:1 plays 2goes
解析:1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.
三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)
例:1Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives (notlive) in China. 答案:1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析:?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí),可記住如下口訣:“見(jiàn)助動(dòng),用原形”。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)
例:Wedon’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:don’tdo
解析:do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞,它有三個(gè)含義: a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;b)是助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)實(shí)義;c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌薯氃?/span>do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。
五、對(duì)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)判斷有誤
例:Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京”,但with在此做伴隨狀語(yǔ),不能做主語(yǔ),故用is.
另外,賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句表將來(lái),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
練習(xí):
1 Jenny ____ in anoffice. Her parents ____in a hospital.
A work works B works work C work are working D is working work
2 One of the boys_____ a blackhat.
A have B there is C there are D has
3 We will go shopping ifit____ tomorrow.
A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain
4 He said the sun ____in theeast and ____in the west.
A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ____ music andoften ____ to music.
A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen
6 Jenny____ English everyevening.
A has study B studies C study D studied
答案:1B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B
1 I can take Li Ming therewhen he _____ ( come) to visit.
2 _____yoursister_____(know)English?
3Her home____ _____ ______(遠(yuǎn)離)her school.
4The pot_____(not look) likeyours very much.
5 Where_____you____(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?
7 ______she_____(do) thehousework every day?
8 Jenny and Dannyusually______(play) games in the afternoon .
答案:1comes 2 Does know 3is away from 4 doesn't look
5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8play
補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn):
一.this,that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。
(2)距離說(shuō)話人近的人或物用this, 距離說(shuō)話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如:
This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處)
That is a tree. 那是一棵樹(shù)。(遠(yuǎn)處)
(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說(shuō)this, 后說(shuō)that。如:
This is a pen. That is apencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。
(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說(shuō)This is…, 不說(shuō)That is…。如:
This is Helen. Helen, this isTom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。
(5)This is 不能縮寫, 而That is可以縮寫。如:
This is a bike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。
(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this, 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方用that。如:
—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?
—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是誰(shuí)?
注意:雖然漢語(yǔ)中使用“我”和“你”,但英語(yǔ)中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說(shuō):
I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí), 要用it代替this或that。如:
①—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎? —Yes, itis. 是的,它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么? —It’s akite. 是只風(fēng)箏。
二. these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代詞,
these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;
those是that的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。
①This is my bed. That is Lily’sbed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。
②These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。
③ Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹(shù)嗎?
在回答主語(yǔ)是these或those的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常用they代替these或those以避免重復(fù)。
④Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?
Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。
三.不定冠詞a和an
a和an都是不定冠詞,表示一(個(gè),支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別,用來(lái)限定名詞。
a用在輔音素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)名詞前,如:apencil(一支鉛筆),a book(一本書);
an用在元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前,如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ),
用a還是用an,則以該修飾語(yǔ)的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:
a clock 一座鐘 an old clock 一座舊鐘 a book 一本書 an English book 一本英語(yǔ)書
a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛(ài)的蘋果 an apple 一個(gè)蘋果
四. 名詞+’s所有格
名詞+’s所有格 單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ ’s ”
Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽
以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“’”
Teachers’ Day教師節(jié) the twins’ books雙胞胎的書
不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ ’s ”
Children’s Day 兒童節(jié) men’s shoes男式鞋
表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s
表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加’s
Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)
Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)
五.like一詞的用法
like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為“喜歡”。
(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:
I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。
(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示“喜歡做某事”,著重于習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好。如:
Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。
(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do ),表示“偶爾地喜歡做某事”,著重于某次具體的行為。如:
I like reading, but I like towatch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。
六.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素
(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,即I→we, you→you,she,he,it→ they。
She is a girl. →They are girls.
(2)am,is要變?yōu)?/span>are。如:
I’m a student. →We are students.
(3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:
He is a boy. →They are boys.
(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:
It is an apple. →They are apples.
(5)指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)?/span>these,those。如:
This is a box. →These are boxes.
七.英語(yǔ)日期的表示法
英語(yǔ)中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無(wú)需用冠詞。
用英語(yǔ)表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?/span>+日+年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。
如:August2nd,2003(2003年8月2日)。
也可以用日+月+年來(lái)表示。
如:10thMay,2003(2003年5月10日)
英語(yǔ)日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。
①She was born in 1989 ②Shewas born in August.
③She was born in August 1989. ④She was born on 2nd August,1989.
八. 時(shí)間的表達(dá)法
(1) 直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字
7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen
(2) 過(guò)、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分。(以30分為分界線)
1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30half past two
3:43 seventeen to four 4:38twenty-two to five
(3)12小時(shí)制
6:00 a.m. 上午6點(diǎn) 8:20 p.m. 下午8點(diǎn)20分
(4)24小時(shí)制
13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘 22:15 22點(diǎn)15分
(5)15分可用quarter
4:15 a quarter past four 5:45a quarter to six
(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.
at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.
九 關(guān)于時(shí)間的問(wèn)法
(1)以when提問(wèn),“什么時(shí)候”可以是較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間段,也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)
①When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么時(shí)候?
②My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是
這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段
①When do you go home? 你幾點(diǎn)回家?
②I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午4:30回家.
這里when問(wèn)的是具體的時(shí)間。
(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問(wèn)
①What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了? or What’s the time? 幾點(diǎn)了?
It’s 9:26. 現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。
②What time is it by your watch? 你手表幾點(diǎn)了?
It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minuteslate 8:36,哦,它慢了50分鐘。
③What time do you get up? 你幾點(diǎn)起床?
I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6點(diǎn)起床。
十 名詞復(fù)數(shù):
在英語(yǔ)里面,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun)
不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用;
可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個(gè)的前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an IDcard,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化,情況如下:
(1) 特殊詞,特殊變化,需單獨(dú)記:
child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women
tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer
(2)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:
book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons
(3)以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”
box→boxes,watch→watches
(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”
family→families,comedy→comedies
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es
knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves
(6)不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
十一 want用法
(1)想干什么用want to do sth
They want to join the sportsclub. 他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂(lè)部。
(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ),want要作變化
①He wants to play basketball. ②Li Xia wants to play thepiano.
(3)變疑問(wèn)句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞do或does.
①-Do you want to play soccer ball ? -Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.
②-Does he want to go home by bus ? -Yes , he does . / No , hedoesn’t
十二 人稱代詞
主格: Iwe you she he it they
賓格:me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
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