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初一英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

一.動(dòng)詞beis,am,are)的用法:說(shuō)明身份,年齡,狀態(tài)等。

口訣:我(I)am, (you)areis跟著他(he),她(she),它(it)。

單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。

變否定,更容易,benot加上去。

變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。還有一條須注意,句首大寫莫忘記。

be動(dòng)詞的用法:

be動(dòng)詞包括“am”, “is”, “are”三種形式。
第一人稱單數(shù)(I)配合am來(lái)用。
  
句型解析析:I am+…

I am a student.     I am a boy.

第二人稱(You)配合are使用。
句型解析:You are+… 

You are my good friend.      You are a good person.

第三人稱單數(shù)(He or She or It)配合is使用。
句型解析:She(He, It) is +…  

She is a good girl.    She is so cute.

人稱復(fù)數(shù) (we /you/they)配合are使用。
句型解析:We (You, They) are +…

  We are in Class 5,Grade 7.  Youare good students.

注意:

1  綜合解析當(dāng)使用be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,前面請(qǐng)先加上第幾人稱。
be
動(dòng)詞前面的人稱,是不可隨意替換的。例如:
I am, You are, She is
,并不會(huì)出現(xiàn)I is, Youam, She are 這樣的情形。
2 
當(dāng)只有第一人稱和第二人稱或第三人稱時(shí)應(yīng)該把第二人稱或第三人稱放在前

例如:youand I, Tom and I
當(dāng)?shù)诙朔Q和第三人稱放在一起時(shí)把第二人稱放在前面,

例如:youand Tom
當(dāng)三者都有時(shí),排序?yàn)椋?/span>2 3 1

you, Tom and I

練習(xí):1. Where______ Ann .  She ______ here.
      2. How old ______ you .  I ______ thirteen.
      3. ______ you Mr Read .  Yes, I ______.
      4. What ______ your name.   Myname ____ Ann

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Can

1  can能、會(huì)解,否定式是cannot,縮寫為can’t。
    “can+動(dòng)詞原形  “can’t+動(dòng)詞原形  :表示某人能做或不能做某事

Can 是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化。

Can 表示的能力為現(xiàn)在的能力,而不是過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的能力。

1). for ability表示能力。例如:
    
—Can you write in English? —Yes, I can.
    
I can run fast,can you?
  
2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill表示獲得的知識(shí)或技能。例如:
   
—Can she speak Japanese? —No, she can’t.她會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎?不,她不會(huì)。

3). indicatingpermission表示許可。例如:
Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎?
Can I take you home?我送你回家行嗎?
We can’t wear jeans at work.我們上班時(shí)不準(zhǔn)穿牛仔褲。

4). indicatingrequests表示要求。例如:
Can you help me with this box?你能幫我弄這個(gè)箱子嗎?
Can you feed the cat?你喂喂貓好嗎?

5). indicatingpossibly表示可能性。例如:
That can’t be Mary—she’s inhospital.那不可能是瑪麗她住院了。
He can’t have slept through allthat noise.那么吵他不可能睡得著覺(jué)。
There’s someone outside—who canit be?外面有人會(huì)是誰(shuí)呢?

6). used to makesuggestions用以提出建議。例如:
We can eat in a restaurant, ifyou like.你愿意的話,咱們可以在飯館吃飯。
I can take the car if necessary.必要時(shí)我可以開(kāi)車去。

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Would

1  Wouldwill的過(guò)去式,可用于各人稱,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的"意志"、"愿望" "決心"等。

如:Itold peter that I would go along wit him.我告訴彼得我要跟他一塊去。

2  would用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間時(shí)時(shí),不論是表達(dá)說(shuō)話人本身的意志或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求,均較will婉轉(zhuǎn)。如:

Would you like to have a glassof wine? 你要喝杯酒嗎?

Would you please tell me theway to the nearest bus-stop?

[]在日常會(huì)話中,I would like toI should like to都可以說(shuō),I would like的簡(jiǎn)略式為I'd like。如:yes, Id like to.    Yes, Id love to 

Yes,very much.   Sorry, ai already have anappointment.

3  Would還可以表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

I found that retired personswould often go to the park to play chess.我發(fā)現(xiàn)退休的人經(jīng)常到公園里下棋。

When he had a problem to solve,he would work at it until he found an answer.當(dāng)他有個(gè)問(wèn)題要解決時(shí),他總是想辦法一直到找到答案為止。

練習(xí):

1 -Can you speak Japanese?      -No, I_A___.

A. mustn't   B. can't   C. needn't   D. may not

2 The children___ playfootball on the road.

A. can't    B. can   C. mustn't   D. must

3 -Shall we go and visit theHistory Museum next Sunday?

A. Here you are   B.Sorry, I can't   C. Yes, please   D. Let me try

4 Excuse me. ___ you pleasepass me that cup?

A. Do   B.Should   C. Would   D. Must

5  ___ you like to have another try?

A. Could   B. Will   C. Would   D. Do

6 -Would you like to goboating with us?   -Yes, ___.

A. I'd like   B. I want C. I'd like to   D. I do

“there be”句型

There be句型主要用以表達(dá)某處(某時(shí))有某人(某物)。

其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“There be+某物(某人)+某地(某時(shí))其中there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有詞義;主語(yǔ)是be后面的名詞, be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中be只用isare兩種形式。

There be句型中的be動(dòng)詞如何確定呢?請(qǐng)先看看下面這首歌訣:

Be動(dòng)詞,有三個(gè),am,is還有are。“There be”真特別,不留am只留倆,那就是is還有are。要用is還是are,須看其后的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。若是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用is,否則就用are。如:

Thereis a tree behind the house.

Thereis some water(水)inthe bottle(瓶子).

Thereare some pears in the box.

(3)注意:如果“be”后的主語(yǔ)是由and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞,那么be的形式要遵循遠(yuǎn)親不如近鄰的原則。也就是說(shuō),“be”的形式是由與它最近的那個(gè)名詞來(lái)確定的。若那個(gè)名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞要用is,是復(fù)數(shù)就用are。如:

Thereis a book and some pens on the floor.

Thereare some pens and a book on the floor.

 

肯定句:there is an apple on the table

否定句:there isn't an apple on the table.

一般疑問(wèn)句: Is there an apple on the table?    回答:yes, there is./ No, there isn't

特殊疑問(wèn)句:what is there on the table.

1. 定義:There be句型表示某處存在某物或某人。

2. 結(jié)構(gòu):

(1)There is +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+ 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).

(2)There are +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ).

there是引導(dǎo)詞,在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,翻譯時(shí)也不必譯出。句子的主語(yǔ)是某人或某物,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be要與主語(yǔ)(某人或某物)的數(shù)保持一致。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與跟它最近的那個(gè)名詞一致。

There is a bird in thetree.   樹(shù)上有一只鳥(niǎo)。

There is a teacher and many students in ourclassroom. 

我們教室里有一位老師和許多學(xué)生。

There are two boys and a girlunder the tree. 樹(shù)下有兩個(gè)男孩,一個(gè)女孩。

3. There be句型與have的區(qū)別:

(1)There be 句型和have都表示的含義。區(qū)別如下:There be表示某處存在某物或某人;have表示某人擁有某物/某人,它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。   eg.

He has two sons.   他有兩個(gè)兒子。

There are two men in theoffice.    辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。

(2)當(dāng)have表示包括、存在的含義時(shí),There be 句型與其可互換。

 Aweek has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一個(gè)星期有七天。

4 變臉一:否定句

There be句型的否定式的構(gòu)成和含有be動(dòng)詞的其它句型一樣,在be后加上notno即可。注意notno的不同:not是副詞,no為形容詞,not a/an/any + n. 相當(dāng)于no+ n.。例如:

Thereare some pictures on the wall. There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are nopictures on the wall.

Thereis a bike behind the tree. There isn't a bike behind the tree

.=There is no bike behind the tree.

5 變臉二:一般疑問(wèn)句

There be句型的一般疑問(wèn)句變化是把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)整到句首,再在句尾加上問(wèn)號(hào)即可,此為\"調(diào)整法\"。但同時(shí)要注意:當(dāng)肯定句中有some時(shí),要將其改為any(否定變化也一樣)??纯聪旅鎯删涫侨绾?/span>\"改頭換面\"的吧:

Thereis some water on Mars. Is there any water on Mars?

Thereare some fish in the water. Are there any fish in the water?

6 變臉三:特殊疑問(wèn)句

Therebe句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句形式有以下三種變化:

對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn):當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人時(shí),用\"Who\'s+介詞短語(yǔ)?\";當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物時(shí),用\"What\'s + 介詞短語(yǔ)?\"。注意:無(wú)論原句的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),對(duì)之提問(wèn)時(shí)一般都用be的單數(shù)形式(回答時(shí)卻要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況來(lái)決定)。如:

Thereare many things over there. What's over there?

Thereis a little girl in the room.Who is in the room?

對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)提問(wèn):提問(wèn)地點(diǎn)當(dāng)然用"Where is /are+主語(yǔ)?\"啦!例如:

Thereis a computer on the desk. Where is the computer?

Thereare four children on the playground. Where are the four children?

對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn):一般有兩種句型結(jié)構(gòu):

Howmany+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+are there+介詞短語(yǔ)?

Howmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+is there+介詞短語(yǔ)?

練習(xí):

  “have got”

  序數(shù)詞

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):

1) 它表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

e.g.  I go to school on foot.  He is very busy now.

2)表示主語(yǔ)的特征、性格、能力、愛(ài)好等。

e.g. He can swim.  I work hard. I like watching TV.

3)表示客觀真理,表示格言或警句中

e.g. There are seven days in aweek.  The moon moves round the earth.

其結(jié)構(gòu)按正常語(yǔ)序,即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其它,有時(shí)為了起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可提前.

其句式變化可分為兩種情況

 1)表示動(dòng)作, 一般人稱作主語(yǔ)的,變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞don’t;變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞do。

   They have lunch at 12:00.   Theydon’t have lunch at 12:00. 

Do they have lunch at 12:00?

2)單三人稱做主語(yǔ)的,變否定句須在動(dòng)詞前加助動(dòng)詞doesn’t;變一般疑問(wèn)句須在句首加助動(dòng)詞does。

Jenny speaks English verywell.    Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.

Does Jenny speak English verywell?

  含有be動(dòng)詞的要在be上做變化.

     E.g. Danny is a good student.  Danny isn’t a good student. 

         Is Danny a good student?

其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為often、 usually、 always sometimes等頻率副詞,on Saturdays in the morning(afternoon evening)  、every day 等。

 做題時(shí)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤如下:

一、be動(dòng)詞與行為動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中

例:Weare plant  (plant) the trees in spring.

解析:學(xué)生往往會(huì)用漢語(yǔ)的思維方式去翻譯,就成了我們是在春天植樹(shù)。這是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)最忌諱的,要看語(yǔ)法是不是正確,在英語(yǔ)中,be是表狀態(tài),do是表動(dòng)作,兩種動(dòng)詞不能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句子中,可記住如下口訣:英漢語(yǔ)言有差異,be do不能放一起,仔細(xì)琢磨細(xì)分析,語(yǔ)法千萬(wàn)要牢記。

二、單三人稱形式易出錯(cuò)

例:1He plaies (play) football very well.

2 Danny gos (go) to school at7:10.    答案:1 plays  2goes

解析:1以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;2與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o結(jié)尾的詞要加es.

三、在句式變換時(shí)易出錯(cuò)

例:1Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?

2 Brian doesn’t lives (notlive) in China.  答案:1 Does have    2 doesn’t live

解析:?jiǎn)稳朔Q做主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí),可記住如下口訣:見(jiàn)助動(dòng),用原形。此口訣也可推廣用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.

四、對(duì)do的理解易出錯(cuò)

例:Wedon’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:don’tdo

解析:do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞,它有三個(gè)含義:  a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;b)是助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)實(shí)義;c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞做,干。此句中給出的do做,干,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌薯氃?/span>do前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。

五、對(duì)主語(yǔ)的數(shù)判斷有誤

例:Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.  答案: is

解析:表面一看是我和李明兩個(gè)人在北京,但with在此做伴隨狀語(yǔ),不能做主語(yǔ),故用is.

另外,賓語(yǔ)從句中,從句部分若是表示客觀真理,不管主句是何時(shí)態(tài),從句都要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,主句表將來(lái),從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

練習(xí):

1 Jenny ____ in anoffice.  Her parents ____in a hospital.

A work  works    B works work  C  work are working  D  is working work

2 One of the boys_____ a blackhat.

A have   B there is  C there are  D has

3 We will go shopping ifit____ tomorrow.

A don't rain  Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain  Disn't rain

4 He said the sun ____in theeast and ____in the west.

A rose; set   B rises; sets  C rises, set D rise; sets

5 Wang Mei ____ music andoften ____ to music.

A like; listen    B likes; listens     C like; are listening    D liking ; listen

6 Jenny____ English everyevening.

A has study  B studies C study  D studied

答案:1B  2D 3C  4B  5B  6B

1 I can take Li Ming therewhen he _____  ( come) to visit.

2 _____yoursister_____(know)English?

3Her home____  _____ ______(遠(yuǎn)離)her school.

4The pot_____(not look) likeyours very much.

5 Where_____you____(have)lunch every day?

6 Who_____(想要 )to go swimming?

7 ______she_____(do) thehousework every day?

8 Jenny and Dannyusually______(play) games in the afternoon .

答案:1comes   2 Does  know  3is away from  4 doesn't look

      5 do have 6 wants   7 does  do   8play

 

 

補(bǔ)充知識(shí)點(diǎn):

一.this,thatit用法

(1)thisthat是指示代詞,it是人稱代詞。

(2)距離說(shuō)話人近的人或物用this, 距離說(shuō)話人遠(yuǎn)的人或物用that。如:

This is a flower. 這是一朵花。(近處)

That is a tree. 那是一棵樹(shù)。(遠(yuǎn)處)

(3)放在一起的兩樣?xùn)|西,先說(shuō)this, 后說(shuō)that。如:

This is a pen. That is apencil. 這是一支鋼筆。那是一支鉛筆。

(4)向別人介紹某人時(shí)說(shuō)This is…, 不說(shuō)That is…。如:

This is Helen. Helen, this isTom. 這是海倫,海倫,這是湯姆。

(5)This is 不能縮寫, That is可以縮寫。如:

This is a bike. That’s a car. 這是一輛自行車。那是一輛轎車。

(6)打電話時(shí),介紹自己用this, 詢問(wèn)對(duì)方用that。如:

—Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐嗎?

—Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的,我是,你是誰(shuí)?

注意:雖然漢語(yǔ)中使用,但英語(yǔ)中打電話時(shí)絕不可以說(shuō):

I am…, Are you…?/Who are you?

(7)在回答thisthat作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句時(shí), 要用it代替thisthat。如:

—Is this a notebook? 這是筆記本嗎?   —Yes, itis. 是的,它是。

—What’s that? 那是什么?  —It’s akite. 是只風(fēng)箏。

 

二. thesethose用法

this, that, thesethose是指示代詞,

thesethis的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間,距離較近的或下面要提到的人或事;

thosethat的復(fù)數(shù)形式,指時(shí)間、距離較遠(yuǎn)或前面已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的人或事物。

This is my bed. That is Lily’sbed. 這是我的床。那是莉莉的床。

These pictures are good. 那些畫很好。

Are those apple trees? 那些是蘋果樹(shù)嗎?

在回答主語(yǔ)是thesethose的疑問(wèn)句時(shí),通常用they代替thesethose以避免重復(fù)。

Are these/those your apples? 這些(那些)是你的蘋果嗎?

Yes, they are. 是的,他們是。

 

三.不定冠詞aan

aan都是不定冠詞,表示一(個(gè),支,本,塊……)的意思,但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量概念,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)類別,用來(lái)限定名詞。

a用在輔音素開(kāi)頭的單數(shù)名詞前,如:apencil(一支鉛筆),a book(一本書);

an用在元音音素開(kāi)頭的名詞前,如an eraser(一塊橡皮)。如果名詞前有修飾語(yǔ),

a還是用an,則以該修飾語(yǔ)的第一音素決定用a還是用an。如:

a clock 一座鐘  an old clock 一座舊鐘  a book 一本書  an English book 一本英語(yǔ)書

a nice apple 一個(gè)可愛(ài)的蘋果  an apple 一個(gè)蘋果

 

四. 名詞+’s所有格

名詞+’s所有格 單數(shù)名詞后直接加 “ ’s ”

Jim’s coat 吉姆的外套 Jeff’s mother杰夫的媽媽

s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只加“’”

Teachers’ Day教師節(jié) the twins’ books雙胞胎的書

不以s結(jié)尾的不規(guī)則的名詞復(fù)數(shù),加“ ’s ”

Children’s Day 兒童節(jié) men’s shoes男式鞋

表示兩者共同擁有時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s

表示兩者各自擁有時(shí),要在每個(gè)名詞后加’s

Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的媽媽(共同的媽媽,一個(gè)媽媽)

Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凱特的房間(各自的房間,兩間房子)

 

五.like一詞的用法

like用作及物動(dòng)詞,譯為喜歡。

(1)后接名詞或代詞,表示喜歡某人或某物。如:

I like the baby very much. 我非常喜歡這個(gè)小孩。

(2)后接動(dòng)名詞(v. -ing),表示喜歡做某事,著重于習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好。如:

Tom likes playing football. 湯姆喜歡踢足球。

(3)后接動(dòng)詞不定式(to do ),表示偶爾地喜歡做某事,著重于某次具體的行為。如:

I like reading, but I like towatch TV this evening. 我喜歡讀書,但我今晚想看電視。

 

六.句子單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),注意以下五要素

(1)主格人稱代詞要變成相應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)主格人稱代詞,Iwe, youyou,she,he,it they。

She is a girl. They are girls.

(2)am,is要變?yōu)?/span>are。如:

I’m a student. We are students.

(3)不定冠詞a,an要去掉。如:

He is a boy. They are boys.

(4)普通單數(shù)名詞要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:

It is an apple. They are apples.

(5)指示代詞this,that要變?yōu)?/span>thesethose。如:

This is a box. These are boxes.

 

七.英語(yǔ)日期的表示法

英語(yǔ)中月份和星期名稱都是專有名詞,它們的首字母必須大寫,并且前面無(wú)需用冠詞。

用英語(yǔ)表示日期,其順序?yàn)樵?/span>++年,日和年之間需用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。

如:August2nd,2003(200382)

也可以用日++年來(lái)表示。

如:10thMay,2003(2003510)

英語(yǔ)日期前介詞的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,則用介詞in,若具體到某一天,則需用介詞on。

She was born in 1989             Shewas born in August.

She was born in August 1989.     She was born on 2nd August,1989.

 

八. 時(shí)間的表達(dá)法

(1) 直讀式,即直接讀出時(shí)間數(shù)字

7: 05  seven five 8:16 eight sixteen

(2) 過(guò)、差式,即幾點(diǎn)差幾分,幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分。(以30分為分界線)

1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30half past two

3:43 seventeen to four 4:38twenty-two to five

(3)12小時(shí)制

6:00 a.m. 上午6點(diǎn) 8:20 p.m. 下午8點(diǎn)20

(4)24小時(shí)制

13:00 13點(diǎn)鐘 22:15 22點(diǎn)15

(5)15分可用quarter

4:15 a quarter past four 5:45a quarter to six

(6)時(shí)間前通常用at.

at 5 o’clock at 7:30 p.m.

 

  關(guān)于時(shí)間的問(wèn)法

(1)when提問(wèn),“什么時(shí)候可以是較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間段,也可以是較短的時(shí)間點(diǎn)

When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么時(shí)候?

My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是1229

這里就是指一天的時(shí)間段

When do you go home? 你幾點(diǎn)回家?

I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午430回家.

這里when問(wèn)的是具體的時(shí)間。

(2)具體幾點(diǎn)我們通常用what time提問(wèn)

What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了? or What’s the time? 幾點(diǎn)了?

It’s 9:26. 現(xiàn)在九點(diǎn)二十六。

What time is it by your watch? 你手表幾點(diǎn)了?

It’s 8:36. Oh, It’s 50 minuteslate 8:36,哦,它慢了50分鐘。

What time do you get up? 你幾點(diǎn)起床?

I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上6點(diǎn)起床。

 

  名詞復(fù)數(shù):

在英語(yǔ)里面,名詞分可數(shù)名詞(countable noun)和不可數(shù)名詞(uncountable noun

不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,用時(shí)只當(dāng)單數(shù)詞用;

可數(shù)名詞有單復(fù)數(shù)之分,一個(gè)的前面要用aan,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an IDcard,而復(fù)數(shù)即兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的要作相應(yīng)的變化,情況如下:

(1) 特殊詞,特殊變化,需單獨(dú)記:

childchildrenmanmen,footfeetwomanwomen

toothteeth,sheepsheep,deerdeer

(2)一般的詞在單數(shù)詞后直接+“s”:

bookbooks,penpenscarcars,mapmapscartooncartoons

(3)s,xsh,ch結(jié)尾的詞+“es”

boxboxes,watchwatches

(4)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”

familyfamilies,comedycomedies

(5)ffe結(jié)尾的詞,先去掉ffe,改成“v”再加es

knifeknives,wifewives,handkerchiefhandkerchieves

6)不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

 

十一  want用法

(1)想干什么用want to do sth

They want to join the sportsclub. 他們想加入運(yùn)動(dòng)俱樂(lè)部。

(2)第三人稱單數(shù)作主語(yǔ),want要作變化

He wants to play basketball.    Li Xia wants to play thepiano.

(3)變疑問(wèn)句,否定句要借助助動(dòng)詞dodoes.

Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I don’t.

Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , hedoesn’t

 

十二 人稱代詞

主格: Iwe you she he it they

賓格:me us you her him it them

形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their

名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs 

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