前言

最近在網(wǎng)上看到一個有意思的開源項目，快手團隊開發(fā)的開源AI斗地主——DouZero。今天我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)制作一個基于DouZero的歡樂斗地主出牌器，看看AI是如何來幫助我們斗地主，贏歡樂豆，實現(xiàn)財富自由的吧！

首先一起來看看AI斗地主出牌器的效果：

私信小編01即可獲取大量python學(xué)習(xí)資源

下面，我們開始介紹這個AI出牌器的制作過程。

一、核心功能設(shè)計

首先我們這款出牌器是基于DouZero開發(fā)的，核心是需要利用訓(xùn)練好的AI模型來幫助我們，給出最優(yōu)出牌方案。

其次關(guān)于出牌器，先要需要確認一個AI出牌角色，代表我們玩家自己。我們只要給這個AI輸入玩家手牌和三張底牌。確認好地主和農(nóng)民的各個角色，告訴它三個人對應(yīng)的關(guān)系，這樣就可以確定隊友和對手。我們還要將每一輪其他兩人的出牌輸入，這樣出牌器就可以根據(jù)出牌數(shù)據(jù)，及時提供給我們最優(yōu)出牌決策，帶領(lǐng)我們?nèi)〉脛倮?/span>

那么如何獲取三者之間的關(guān)系呢？誰是地主？誰是農(nóng)民？是自己一人作戰(zhàn)還是農(nóng)民合作？自己玩家的手牌是什么？三張底牌是什么？這些也都需要在開局后確認好。

拆解需求，大致可以整理出核心功能如下：

UI設(shè)計排版布局

• 顯示三張底牌
• 顯示AI角色出牌數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域，上家出牌數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域，下家出牌數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)域，本局勝率區(qū)域
• AI玩家手牌區(qū)域
• AI出牌器開始停止

手牌和出牌數(shù)據(jù)識別

• 游戲剛開始根據(jù)屏幕位置，截圖識別AI玩家手牌及三張底牌
• 確認三者之間的關(guān)系，識別地主和農(nóng)民角色，確認隊友及對手關(guān)系
• 識別每輪三位玩家依次出了什么牌，刷新顯示對應(yīng)區(qū)域

AI出牌方案輸出

• 加載訓(xùn)練好的AI模型，初始化游戲環(huán)境
• 每輪出牌判斷，根據(jù)上家出牌數(shù)據(jù)給出最優(yōu)出牌決策
• 自動刷新玩家剩余手牌和本局勝率預(yù)測

二、實現(xiàn)步驟

1. UI設(shè)計排版布局

根據(jù)上述功能，我們首先考慮進行簡單的UI布局設(shè)計，這里我們使用的是pyqt5。核心設(shè)計代碼如下：

def setupUi(self, Form):
    Form.setObjectName("Form")
    Form.resize(440, 395)
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("Arial")
    font.setPointSize(9)
    font.setBold(True)
    font.setItalic(False)
    font.setWeight(75)
    Form.setFont(font)
    self.WinRate = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
    self.WinRate.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(240, 180, 171, 61))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(14)
    self.WinRate.setFont(font)
    self.WinRate.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
    self.WinRate.setObjectName("WinRate")
    self.InitCard = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
    self.InitCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 330, 121, 41))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("Arial")
    font.setPointSize(14)
    font.setBold(True)
    font.setWeight(75)
    self.InitCard.setFont(font)
    self.InitCard.setStyleSheet("")
    self.InitCard.setObjectName("InitCard")
    self.UserHandCards = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
    self.UserHandCards.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 260, 421, 41))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(14)
    self.UserHandCards.setFont(font)
    self.UserHandCards.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
    self.UserHandCards.setObjectName("UserHandCards")
    self.LPlayer = QtWidgets.QFrame(Form)
    self.LPlayer.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(10, 80, 201, 61))
    self.LPlayer.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    self.LPlayer.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    self.LPlayer.setObjectName("LPlayer")
    self.LPlayedCard = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.LPlayer)
    self.LPlayedCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 201, 61))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(14)
    self.LPlayedCard.setFont(font)
    self.LPlayedCard.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
    self.LPlayedCard.setObjectName("LPlayedCard")
    self.RPlayer = QtWidgets.QFrame(Form)
    self.RPlayer.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(230, 80, 201, 61))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(16)
    self.RPlayer.setFont(font)
    self.RPlayer.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    self.RPlayer.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    self.RPlayer.setObjectName("RPlayer")
    self.RPlayedCard = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.RPlayer)
    self.RPlayedCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 201, 61))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(14)
    self.RPlayedCard.setFont(font)
    self.RPlayedCard.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
    self.RPlayedCard.setObjectName("RPlayedCard")
    self.Player = QtWidgets.QFrame(Form)
    self.Player.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(40, 180, 171, 61))
    self.Player.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    self.Player.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    self.Player.setObjectName("Player")
    self.PredictedCard = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.Player)
    self.PredictedCard.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 171, 61))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(14)
    self.PredictedCard.setFont(font)
    self.PredictedCard.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
    self.PredictedCard.setObjectName("PredictedCard")
    self.ThreeLandlordCards = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
    self.ThreeLandlordCards.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(140, 10, 161, 41))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(16)
    self.ThreeLandlordCards.setFont(font)
    self.ThreeLandlordCards.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
    self.ThreeLandlordCards.setObjectName("ThreeLandlordCards")
    self.Stop = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
    self.Stop.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 330, 111, 41))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setFamily("Arial")
    font.setPointSize(14)
    font.setBold(True)
    font.setWeight(75)
    self.Stop.setFont(font)
    self.Stop.setStyleSheet("")
    self.Stop.setObjectName("Stop")


    self.retranslateUi(Form)
    self.InitCard.clicked.connect(Form.init_cards)
    self.Stop.clicked.connect(Form.stop)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)


def retranslateUi(self, Form):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "AI歡樂斗地主--Dragon少年"))
    self.WinRate.setText(_translate("Form", "勝率：--%"))
    self.InitCard.setText(_translate("Form", "開始"))
    self.UserHandCards.setText(_translate("Form", "手牌"))
    self.LPlayedCard.setText(_translate("Form", "上家出牌區(qū)域"))
    self.RPlayedCard.setText(_translate("Form", "下家出牌區(qū)域"))
    self.PredictedCard.setText(_translate("Form", "AI出牌區(qū)域"))
    self.ThreeLandlordCards.setText(_translate("Form", "三張底牌"))
    self.Stop.setText(_translate("Form", "停止"))

實現(xiàn)效果如下：

2. 手牌和出牌數(shù)據(jù)識別

下面我們需要所有撲克牌的模板圖片與游戲屏幕特定區(qū)域的截圖進行對比，這樣才能獲取AI玩家手牌、底牌、每一輪出牌、三者關(guān)系（地主、地主上家、地主下家）。

識別AI玩家手牌及三張底牌：

我們可以截取游戲屏幕，根據(jù)固定位置來識別當前AI玩家的手牌和三張底牌。核心代碼如下：

# 牌檢測結(jié)果濾波
def cards_filter(self, location, distance):  
    if len(location) == 0:
        return 0
    locList = [location[0][0]]
    count = 1
    for e in location:
        flag = 1  # “是新的”標志
        for have in locList:
            if abs(e[0] - have) <= distance:
                flag = 0
                break
        if flag:
            count += 1
            locList.append(e[0])
    return count


# 獲取玩家AI手牌
def find_my_cards(self, pos):
    user_hand_cards_real = ""
    img = pyautogui.screenshot(region=pos)
    for card in AllCards:
        result = pyautogui.locateAll(needleImage='pics/m' + card + '.png', haystackImage=img, confidence=self.MyConfidence)
        user_hand_cards_real += card[1] * self.cards_filter(list(result), self.MyFilter)
    return user_hand_cards_real


# 獲取地主三張底牌
def find_three_landlord_cards(self, pos):
    three_landlord_cards_real = ""
    img = pyautogui.screenshot(region=pos)
    img = img.resize((349, 168))
    for card in AllCards:
        result = pyautogui.locateAll(needleImage='pics/o' + card + '.png', haystackImage=img,
                                     confidence=self.ThreeLandlordCardsConfidence)
        three_landlord_cards_real += card[1] * self.cards_filter(list(result), self.OtherFilter)
    return three_landlord_cards_real

效果如下所示：

地主、地主上家、地主下家：

同理我們可以根據(jù)游戲屏幕截圖，識別地主的圖標，確認地主角色。核心代碼如下：

# 查找地主角色
def find_landlord(self, landlord_flag_pos):
    for pos in landlord_flag_pos:
        result = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/landlord_words.png', region=pos, confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence)
        if result is not None:
            return landlord_flag_pos.index(pos)
    return None

這樣我們就可以得到玩家AI手牌，其他玩家手牌（預(yù)測），地主三張底牌，三者角色關(guān)系，出牌順序。核心代碼如下：

# 坐標
self.MyHandCardsPos = (414, 804, 1041, 59)  # AI玩家截圖區(qū)域
self.LPlayedCardsPos = (530, 470, 380, 160)  # 左側(cè)玩家截圖區(qū)域
self.RPlayedCardsPos = (1010, 470, 380, 160)  # 右側(cè)玩家截圖區(qū)域
self.LandlordFlagPos = [(1320, 300, 110, 140), (320, 720, 110, 140), (500, 300, 110, 140)]  # 地主標志截圖區(qū)域(右-我-左)
self.ThreeLandlordCardsPos = (817, 36, 287, 136)      # 地主底牌截圖區(qū)域，resize成349x168


def init_cards(self):
    # 玩家手牌
    self.user_hand_cards_real = ""
    self.user_hand_cards_env = []
    # 其他玩家出牌
    self.other_played_cards_real = ""
    self.other_played_cards_env = []
    # 其他玩家手牌（整副牌減去玩家手牌，后續(xù)再減掉歷史出牌）
    self.other_hand_cards = []
    # 三張底牌
    self.three_landlord_cards_real = ""
    self.three_landlord_cards_env = []
    # 玩家角色代碼：0-地主上家, 1-地主, 2-地主下家
    self.user_position_code = None
    self.user_position = ""
    # 開局時三個玩家的手牌
    self.card_play_data_list = {}
    # 出牌順序：0-玩家出牌, 1-玩家下家出牌, 2-玩家上家出牌
    self.play_order = 0
    self.env = None
    # 識別玩家手牌
    self.user_hand_cards_real = self.find_my_cards(self.MyHandCardsPos)
    self.UserHandCards.setText(self.user_hand_cards_real)
    self.user_hand_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.user_hand_cards_real)]
    # 識別三張底牌
    self.three_landlord_cards_real = self.find_three_landlord_cards(self.ThreeLandlordCardsPos)
    self.ThreeLandlordCards.setText("底牌：" + self.three_landlord_cards_real)
    self.three_landlord_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.three_landlord_cards_real)]
    # 識別玩家的角色
    self.user_position_code = self.find_landlord(self.LandlordFlagPos)
    if self.user_position_code is None:
        items = ("地主上家", "地主", "地主下家")
        item, okPressed = QInputDialog.getItem(self, "選擇角色", "未識別到地主，請手動選擇角色:", items, 0, False)
        if okPressed and item:
            self.user_position_code = items.index(item)
        else:
            return
    self.user_position = ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][self.user_position_code]
    for player in self.Players:
        player.setStyleSheet('background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0);')
    self.Players[self.user_position_code].setStyleSheet('background-color: rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.1);')


    # 整副牌減去玩家手上的牌，就是其他人的手牌,再分配給另外兩個角色（如何分配對AI判斷沒有影響）
    for i in set(AllEnvCard):
        self.other_hand_cards.extend([i] * (AllEnvCard.count(i) - self.user_hand_cards_env.count(i)))
    self.card_play_data_list.update({
        'three_landlord_cards': self.three_landlord_cards_env,
        ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][(self.user_position_code + 0) % 3]:
            self.user_hand_cards_env,
        ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][(self.user_position_code + 1) % 3]:
            self.other_hand_cards[0:17] if (self.user_position_code + 1) % 3 != 1 else self.other_hand_cards[17:],
        ['landlord_up', 'landlord', 'landlord_down'][(self.user_position_code + 2) % 3]:
            self.other_hand_cards[0:17] if (self.user_position_code + 1) % 3 == 1 else self.other_hand_cards[17:]
    })
    print(self.card_play_data_list)
    # 生成手牌結(jié)束，校驗手牌數(shù)量
    if len(self.card_play_data_list["three_landlord_cards"]) != 3:
        QMessageBox.critical(self, "底牌識別出錯", "底牌必須是3張！", QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)
        self.init_display()
        return
    if len(self.card_play_data_list["landlord_up"]) != 17 or         len(self.card_play_data_list["landlord_down"]) != 17 or         len(self.card_play_data_list["landlord"]) != 20:
        QMessageBox.critical(self, "手牌識別出錯", "初始手牌數(shù)目有誤", QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)
        self.init_display()
        return
    # 得到出牌順序
    self.play_order = 0 if self.user_position == "landlord" else 1 if self.user_position == "landlord_up" else 2

效果如下：

3. AI出牌方案輸出

下面我們就需要用到DouZero開源的AI斗地主了。DouZero項目地址：https://github.com/kwai/DouZero。我們需要將該開源項目下載并導(dǎo)入項目中。

創(chuàng)建一個AI玩家角色，初始化游戲環(huán)境，加載模型，進行每輪的出牌判斷，控制一局游戲流程的進行和結(jié)束。核心代碼如下：

# 創(chuàng)建一個代表玩家的AI
ai_players = [0, 0]
ai_players[0] = self.user_position
ai_players[1] = DeepAgent(self.user_position, self.card_play_model_path_dict[self.user_position])
# 初始化游戲環(huán)境
self.env = GameEnv(ai_players)
# 游戲開始
self.start()


def start(self):
    self.env.card_play_init(self.card_play_data_list)
    print("開始出牌\n")
    while not self.env.game_over:
        # 玩家出牌時就通過智能體獲取action，否則通過識別獲取其他玩家出牌
        if self.play_order == 0:
            self.PredictedCard.setText("...")
            action_message = self.env.step(self.user_position)
            # 更新界面
            self.UserHandCards.setText("手牌：" + str(''.join(
                [EnvCard2RealCard[c] for c in self.env.info_sets[self.user_position].player_hand_cards]))[::-1])


            self.PredictedCard.setText(action_message["action"] if action_message["action"] else "不出")
            self.WinRate.setText("勝率：" + action_message["win_rate"])
            print("\n手牌：", str(''.join(
                    [EnvCard2RealCard[c] for c in self.env.info_sets[self.user_position].player_hand_cards])))
            print("出牌：", action_message["action"] if action_message["action"] else "不出", "， 勝率：",
                  action_message["win_rate"])
            while self.have_white(self.RPlayedCardsPos) == 1 or                     pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
                                             region=self.RPlayedCardsPos,
                                             confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence):
                print("等待玩家出牌")
                self.counter.restart()
                while self.counter.elapsed() < 100:
                    QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
            self.play_order = 1
        elif self.play_order == 1:
            self.RPlayedCard.setText("...")
            pass_flag = None
            while self.have_white(self.RPlayedCardsPos) == 0 and                     not pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
                                                 region=self.RPlayedCardsPos,
                                                 confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence):
                print("等待下家出牌")
                self.counter.restart()
                while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
                    QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
            self.counter.restart()
            while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
                QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
            # 不出
            pass_flag = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
                                                 region=self.RPlayedCardsPos,
                                                 confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence)
            # 未找到"不出"
            if pass_flag is None:
                # 識別下家出牌
                self.other_played_cards_real = self.find_other_cards(self.RPlayedCardsPos)
            # 找到"不出"
            else:
                self.other_played_cards_real = ""
            print("\n下家出牌：", self.other_played_cards_real)
            self.other_played_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.other_played_cards_real)]
            self.env.step(self.user_position, self.other_played_cards_env)
            # 更新界面
            self.RPlayedCard.setText(self.other_played_cards_real if self.other_played_cards_real else "不出")
            self.play_order = 2
        elif self.play_order == 2:
            self.LPlayedCard.setText("...")
            while self.have_white(self.LPlayedCardsPos) == 0 and                     not pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
                                                region=self.LPlayedCardsPos,
                                                confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence):
                print("等待上家出牌")
                self.counter.restart()
                while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
                    QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
            self.counter.restart()
            while self.counter.elapsed() < 500:
                QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)
            # 不出
            pass_flag = pyautogui.locateOnScreen('pics/pass.png',
                                                 region=self.LPlayedCardsPos,
                                                 confidence=self.LandlordFlagConfidence)
            # 未找到"不出"
            if pass_flag is None:
                # 識別上家出牌
                self.other_played_cards_real = self.find_other_cards(self.LPlayedCardsPos)
            # 找到"不出"
            else:
                self.other_played_cards_real = ""
            print("\n上家出牌：", self.other_played_cards_real)
            self.other_played_cards_env = [RealCard2EnvCard[c] for c in list(self.other_played_cards_real)]
            self.env.step(self.user_position, self.other_played_cards_env)
            self.play_order = 0
            # 更新界面
            self.LPlayedCard.setText(self.other_played_cards_real if self.other_played_cards_real else "不出")
        else:
            pass


        self.counter.restart()
        while self.counter.elapsed() < 100:
            QtWidgets.QApplication.processEvents(QEventLoop.AllEvents, 50)


    print("{}勝，本局結(jié)束!\n".format("農(nóng)民" if self.env.winner == "farmer" else "地主"))
    QMessageBox.information(self, "本局結(jié)束", "{}勝！".format("農(nóng)民" if self.env.winner == "farmer" else "地主"),
                            QMessageBox.Yes, QMessageBox.Yes)
    self.env.reset()
    self.init_display()

到這里，整個AI斗地主出牌流程基本已經(jīng)完成了。

三、出牌器用法

按照上述過程，這款A(yù)I出牌器已經(jīng)制作完成了。后面應(yīng)該如何使用呢？如果不想研究源碼，只想使用這款A(yù)I斗地主出牌器，驗證下效果，該怎么配置環(huán)境運行這個AI出牌器呢？下面就開始介紹。

1. 環(huán)境配置

首先我們需要安裝這些第三方庫，配置相關(guān)環(huán)境，如下所示：

torch==1.9.0
GitPython==3.0.5
gitdb2==2.0.6
PyAutoGUI==0.9.50
PyQt5==5.13.0
PyQt5-sip==12.8.1
Pillow>=5.2.0
opencv-python
rlcard

2. 坐標調(diào)整確認

我們可以打開歡樂斗地主游戲界面，將游戲窗口模式下最大化運行，把AI出牌器程序窗口需要移至右下角，不能遮擋手牌、地主標志、底牌、歷史出牌這些關(guān)鍵位置。

其次我們要確認屏幕截圖獲取的各個區(qū)域是否正確。如果有問題需要進行區(qū)域位置坐標調(diào)整。

# 坐標
self.MyHandCardsPos = (414, 804, 1041, 59)  # 我的截圖區(qū)域
self.LPlayedCardsPos = (530, 470, 380, 160)  # 左邊截圖區(qū)域
self.RPlayedCardsPos = (1010, 470, 380, 160)  # 右邊截圖區(qū)域
self.LandlordFlagPos = [(1320, 300, 110, 140), (320, 720, 110, 140), (500, 300, 110, 140)]  # 地主標志截圖區(qū)域(右-我-左)
self.ThreeLandlordCardsPos = (817, 36, 287, 136)      # 地主底牌截圖區(qū)域，resize成349x168

3. 運行測試

當所有環(huán)境配置完成，各區(qū)域坐標位置確認無誤之后，下面我們就可以直接運行程序，測試效果啦~

首先我們運行AI出牌器程序，打開歡樂斗地主游戲界面，進入游戲。當玩家就位，手牌分發(fā)完畢，地主身份確認之后，我們就可以點擊畫面中開始按鈕，讓AI來幫助我們斗地主了。

下面可以一起來看看這款A(yù)I出牌器的實驗效果喔，看看AI是如何帶領(lǐng)農(nóng)民打倒地主，取得勝利的！

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