But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as is demonstrated by the discovery of the Higgs boson.
（一定要學(xué)手法，看看我為什么這樣切！我這樣切有利于作對(duì)題?。?/span>
1.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize
2. has long been outgrown by
3. the collaborative nature of modern research
4. as is demonstrated by the discovery of the Higgs boson. （就近指代！）
As= the collaborative nature of modern research
獨(dú)立成句：
= the collaborative nature of modern research is demonstrated by the discovery of the Higgs boson。
1.Nobel Foundation ：諾貝爾基金會(huì)
2. recipient 獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?/span>
3. A has long been outgrown by B；B 早就使A過時(shí)了
4. the collaborative nature 集體屬性
諾貝爾基金會(huì)限制每個(gè)獎(jiǎng)只能有三個(gè)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)?，現(xiàn)代研究的集體屬性早就使這個(gè)規(guī)定過時(shí)了，希格斯玻色子的發(fā)現(xiàn)就體現(xiàn)了現(xiàn)代研究的集體屬性。
By focusing on high-carbon infrastructure as a means to create jobs, we distract ourselves from exploring how we can create hundreds of thousands of skilled, well-paid, secure jobs in the renewable energy sector, as Germany has done.
1.By focusing on high-carbon infrastructure as a means to create jobs,
獨(dú)立成句:
We focus on high-carbon infrastructure as a means to create jobs
我們關(guān)注于高碳產(chǎn)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，作為創(chuàng)造工作機(jī)會(huì)的一種方式
2.we distract ourselves from exploring how we can create hundreds of thousands of skilled, well-paid, secure jobs in the renewable energy sector,
我們不再去探究我們?nèi)绾文茉诳稍偕茉搭I(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造數(shù)十萬個(gè)技能水平高、報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚、職位穩(wěn)定的工作。
3. as Germany has done.
獨(dú)立成句：as = hundreds of thousands of skilled, well-paid, secure jobs in the renewable energy sector
Done= created
Germany has created hundreds of thousands of skilled, well-paid, secure jobs in the renewable energy sector
德國已經(jīng)在可再生能源領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造數(shù)十萬個(gè)技能水平高、報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚、職位穩(wěn)定的工作。（這里是關(guān)鍵哦?。?/span>
1.high-carbon infrastructure 高碳基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)（不環(huán)保的）
2. the renewable energy sector 可再生能源領(lǐng)域（環(huán)保的）
3.sb distract oneself from doing sth 某人不再做某事
關(guān)注高碳產(chǎn)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，將之視為創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的途徑，會(huì)分散我們的注意力，不再探索如何在可再生能源領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)造數(shù)以十萬計(jì)的技能水平高、報(bào)酬優(yōu)厚、職位穩(wěn)定的工作。而德國已經(jīng)這樣做了。
For all our efforts to flatten, pile and stuff boxes into recycling bins, consumers aren’t that good at recycling cardboard. For years, they didn’t have to be. Many of the cardboard shipping boxes used to go to retail stores. Workers at your local Kmart, Sears or Target would load the flattened boxes into a machine that bound them into bales that the stores could resell for $74 or more a ton. Groceries and big-box stores recycled 90% to 100% of their cardboard.
思考題：
Consumers didn’t have to be good at recycling cardboard because____
A. they don’t have enough time and experience.
B. retail stores forbid them to take away cardboard box.
C. Grocery stores resell most of the cardboard boxes.
D. cleaning staff used to be responsible for recycling.
盡管我們努力想把紙板壓平，堆放和塞進(jìn)回收箱里，但消費(fèi)者并不擅長回收紙板。多年來，他們不必如此。過去許多紙板箱都回收去了零售商店。工人在您當(dāng)?shù)氐腒mart，西爾斯或塔吉特將把扁平的盒子裝進(jìn)一臺(tái)機(jī)器里，機(jī)器把它們捆成捆，商店可以以每噸74美元或更高的價(jià)格轉(zhuǎn)售。雜貨店和大包裝店回收了90%到100%的紙板。
Consumers didn’t have to be good at recycling cardboard because____
消費(fèi)者并不一定需要擅長回收紙板，因?yàn)?br>A. they don’t have enough time and experience.
（文章沒有依據(jù)?。?br>記住不要給自己加戲！
文中沒有任何依據(jù)表明消費(fèi)者到底有沒有時(shí)間和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
我們不生產(chǎn)答案，我們只做答案的搬運(yùn)工！
B. retail stores forbid them to take away cardboard box.
零售商店禁止他們拿走紙盒。
（文章中沒有依據(jù)?。?br>C. Grocery stores resell most of the cardboard boxes.
雜貨店轉(zhuǎn)售大部分的硬紙盒。
對(duì)應(yīng)第四句或者第五句！（正確答案?。?/span>
D. cleaning staff used to be responsible for recycling.
清潔人員以前負(fù)責(zé)回收。
（文中沒有依據(jù)）
Reporting of cases seems to have varying levels of success. King’s itself has instigated unconscious bias training and has collected testimonials in response to complaints in the past. But in its statement on Gopal’s complaint, it denied that race played a part. I know of other colleges that have apologised to students but failed to acknowledge racism was a factor. Many students have expressed a lack of faith in the process, and have made no formal complaint at all when an incident has occurred.
思考題：
Why the author say that the complaints’ effects vary?
(A) King’s gives an attitude different from the past.
(B) racism is denied by the Gopal and other colleges.
(C) students have no confidence in the complaint.
(D) Colleges’ responses are different to some extent.
第一句：
Reporting of cases seems to have varying levels of success.
參考譯文：投訴的效果看起來各不相同
第二句：
King’s itself has instigated unconscious bias training and has collected testimonials in response to complaints in the past.
參考譯文：過去國王學(xué)院發(fā)起了無意識(shí)的反歧視訓(xùn)練，并且收集了證言作為對(duì)投訴的回應(yīng)。（也就是說國王學(xué)院過去還是很注意反對(duì)種族歧視的。）
第三句:
But in its statement on Gopal’s complaint, it denied that race played a part.
參考譯文：但在關(guān)于Gopal投訴的聲明中，國王學(xué)院否認(rèn)了種族在其中扮演的角色。（現(xiàn)在卻不是那么重視反對(duì)種族歧視了。）
第四句：
I know of other colleges that have apologised to students but failed to acknowledge racism was a factor.
參考譯文: 據(jù)我所知，還有一些大學(xué)曾向?qū)W生道歉，但卻沒有承認(rèn)種族歧視是其中一個(gè)因素。
第五句：
Many students have expressed a lack of faith in the process, and have made no formal complaint at all when an incident has occurred.
切分：
1.Many students have expressed a lack of faith in the process,
2.and have made no formal complaint at all when an incident has occurred.
參考譯文：許多學(xué)生表示對(duì)這一過程缺乏信心，并且在發(fā)生歧視事件時(shí)根本沒有提出任何正式的投訴。
1.varying 各不相同的
2. instigate 實(shí)施
3. unconscious bias training 無意識(shí)的歧視訓(xùn)練
（這里不能翻譯為“歧視訓(xùn)練”而應(yīng)該是反歧視訓(xùn)練）
我們可以看一下第二句和第三句的關(guān)系！
4. testimonial 證言
5. in response to 回應(yīng)
6. apologized = apologised 道歉（英式和美式拼寫的差別）
投訴的效果看起來各不相同。過去國王學(xué)院發(fā)起了無意識(shí)的反歧視訓(xùn)練，并且收集了證言作為對(duì)投訴的回應(yīng)。（也就是說國王學(xué)院過去還是很注意反對(duì)種族歧視的。）但在關(guān)于Gopal投訴的聲明中，國王學(xué)院否認(rèn)了種族在其中扮演的角色。（現(xiàn)在卻不是那么重視反對(duì)種族歧視了。）據(jù)我所知，還有一些大學(xué)曾向?qū)W生道歉，但卻沒有承認(rèn)種族歧視是其中一個(gè)因素。許多學(xué)生表示對(duì)這一過程缺乏信心，并且在發(fā)生歧視事件時(shí)根本沒有提出任何正式的投訴。
A seasoned psychiatrist, Heilig joined the National Institutes of Health in 2004 with grand ambitions of finding new ways to treat addiction and alcoholism. “It was the age of the neuroscience revolution, and all this new tech that gave us many ways of manipulating animal brains,” he recalls. By studying addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice, he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
思考題：
According to the text, the reason why Heilig studies the behavior of rats is that______ .
(A) he is a skilled psychiatrist with the help of National Institutes of Health.
(B)the new tech of neuroscience enables us to manipulate animal brains
（C）the result of study is helpful for us to erase the addictive behaviors in people.
(D)he has found the addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice
做題最關(guān)鍵是要先看題干，題干為什么就要堅(jiān)決找什么！
第一句：（不是線索句，沒有資格和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)）
A seasoned psychiatrist, Heilig joined the National Institutes of Health in 2004 with grand ambitions of finding new ways to treat addiction and alcoholism.
切分：
1.A seasoned psychiatrist, Heilig joined the National Institutes of Health in 2004
2.with grand ambitions of finding new ways to treat addiction and alcoholism.
(A) he is a skilled psychiatrist with the help of National Institutes of Health.
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去和第一句有關(guān)，但是和題干沒有關(guān)系??！
所以首先就是定位錯(cuò)誤！A選項(xiàng)就不是問題要找的原因！排除！
第二句：
“It was the age of the neuroscience revolution, and all this new tech that gave us many ways of manipulating animal brains,” he recalls.
切分：
去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句格式:
1. the age of the neuroscience revolution, and all this new tech gave us many ways of manipulating animal brains
2.he recalls.
(B)the new tech of neuroscience enables us to manipulate animal brains
這個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去和這個(gè)句子有關(guān)，但是這個(gè)句子不是線索句?。∵@個(gè)選項(xiàng)也不是題干要找的原因！排除！
第三句：（線索句：有資格和選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比對(duì)的句子?。?/span>
By studying addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice, he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
切分：
1.By studying addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice,
研究了實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠和小鼠中研究成癮行為
2.he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
他可以確定關(guān)鍵的基因、分子和大腦區(qū)域，以限制人們的等效行為（各種癮）。
1.the neuroscience revolution 神經(jīng)科學(xué)革命
2. manipulating animal brains 操控動(dòng)物大腦
3.rats and mice ：實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠和小鼠
4. pinpoint：確定
5. crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions：關(guān)鍵的基因、分子和大腦區(qū)域
6. curtail 限制
7. equivalent behaviors 等效行為
8. seasoned 經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的
9. addiction and alcoholism ；addiction一般不明確說是什么上癮那就是（毒癮）alcoholism（酒癮）
10. with grand ambitions 雄心勃勃的
作為一名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的精神病學(xué)家，Heilig于2004年加入了美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院，雄心勃勃地尋求治療毒癮和酒癮的新方法。正是是神經(jīng)科學(xué)革命的時(shí)代，所有這些新技術(shù)給了我們操縱動(dòng)物大腦的多種方式，”他回憶說。 研究了實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠和小鼠中研究成癮行為,他可以確定關(guān)鍵的基因、分子和大腦區(qū)域，以限制人們的等效行為（各種癮）。
he would pinpoint crucial genes, molecules, and brain regions that could be targeted to curtail the equivalent behaviors in people.
所以答案只能是C！
(D)he has found the addictive behavior in laboratory rats and mice
首先D和這個(gè)部分就不匹配！
再看：
（C）the result of study is helpful for us to erase the addictive behaviors in people.（完美替換?。?br>有人說我用erase 替換curtail不合適程度過深！
我就想呵呵了！你研究過多少真題？？？
我告訴你：這樣做非常合適，這就是真題的套路！
真題鏈接1.
原文：
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.
答案：
The townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue
用deny來替換doubt ,深不深?。?！
真題鏈接2 ：
原文：
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged by the lack of legal penalty for data leakage.
答案：
legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.
選項(xiàng)加了major！原文沒有！程度深不深！！
記住了，這就是真題的套路：
先方向，后程度！
Yet key measures of the nation’s public engagement, satisfaction and confidence—voter turnout, knowledge of public-policy issues, faith that the next generation will fare better than the current one, and respect for basic institutions, especially the government—are far below what they were 50 years ago, and in many cases have reached near historic lows.
思考題一：
The knowledge of public-policy issues is one of key measures for nation’s confidence.
思考題二：
key measures show the next generation will better than the today one
思考題三：
The nation’s public confidence somehow has reached near historic lows.
(今天的考點(diǎn)就是同位語)：
1.Yet key measures of the nation’s public engagement, satisfaction and confidence are far below what they were 50 years ago,
但衡量這個(gè)國家的公眾參與、公眾滿意度和公眾信任度的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)遠(yuǎn)低于50年前
2. —voter turnout, knowledge of public-policy issues, faith that the next generation will fare better than the current one, and respect for basic institutions, especially the government— （同位語）
——選民投票率、對(duì)公共政策的了解、下一代會(huì)過的比這一代好的信念、對(duì)基本制度（尤其是政府）的尊重——
3. and in many cases have reached near historic lows.
而且在很多情形看來已經(jīng)達(dá)到歷史低點(diǎn)。
1.public engagement 公眾參與度
2. public satisfaction and confidence 公眾滿意度和公眾信任度
3. voter turnout 選民投票率
4. knowledge of public-policy issues 對(duì)公共政策的了解 (注意：這里的knowledge是表示了解的意思)
5. faith that the next generation will fare better than the current one（相信）下一代會(huì)過的比這一代好的信念
但衡量這個(gè)國家的公眾參與、公眾滿意度和公眾信任度的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)——選民投票率、對(duì)公共政策的了解、下一代會(huì)過的比這一代好的信念、對(duì)基本制度（尤其是政府）的尊重——遠(yuǎn)低于50年前，而且在很多情形看來已經(jīng)達(dá)到歷史低點(diǎn)。
思考題一：
The knowledge of public-policy issues is one of key measures for nation’s confidence.
這個(gè)說法是正確的！同位語就表明這個(gè)就是指標(biāo)之一。
思考題二：
key measures show the next generation will better than the today one
這個(gè)說法是錯(cuò)誤的！這是胡亂拼湊的一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。
思考題三：
The nation’s public confidence somehow has reached near historic lows.
這個(gè)說法是正確的！
Somehow= in many cases
Child development is relational, which is why, in one experiment, nine-month-old babies who received a few hours of language instruction from a live human could isolate specific phonetic elements in the language while another group of babies who received the exact same instruction via video could not.
思考題：
Human instruction is more efficient than video one for Child development.
1.Child development is relational,
2.which is why, in one experiment, nine-month-old babies who received a few hours of language instruction from a live human could isolate specific phonetic elements in the language
3.while another group of babies who received the exact same instruction via video could not.
1.relational 關(guān)聯(lián)性的
2. language instruction 語言教學(xué)
3. isolate specific phonetic elements 區(qū)分音素
4. via video 通過視頻
兒童發(fā)育是一種關(guān)系性的（連接），這就是為什么在一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，接受真人幾個(gè)小時(shí)語言教學(xué)指導(dǎo)的九個(gè)月大的嬰兒能夠?qū)⒄Z言中的特定音素區(qū)分出來，而另一組通過視頻接受同樣教學(xué)的嬰兒則不能。
Human instruction is more efficient than video one for Child development.
對(duì)于孩子的發(fā)展而言，人類的教學(xué)要比視頻更有效率。
（這個(gè)思考題是正確的。）
最近國外期刊中用的比較多個(gè)一個(gè)詞就是：connection（連接）
這個(gè)詞把人和人之間的關(guān)系表述很清楚了。
對(duì)，就是一種連接。這種連接是其他非生命體無法替代的。所以這篇文章就在告誡父母們不只是不要讓孩子多看手機(jī)，自己更是不要再照顧孩子的時(shí)候看手機(jī)。
New Zealand is showing that no doors are closed to women, that having a baby while being prime minister can be managed, and that it’s acceptable for male partners to be full-time carers.
思考題：
New Zealand is trying to open doors for women to have a baby with male partners.
1.New Zealand is showing
2. that no doors are closed to women,
3.that having a baby while being prime minister can be managed,
4.and that it’s acceptable for male partners to be full-time carers.
1.prime minister：總理
2. full-time carers 全職的看孩子的人
新西蘭的情況表明，沒有那扇門是對(duì)女性關(guān)上的， 在當(dāng)總理期間生育孩子也是可以的，男性伴侶做全職保姆也是可以的。
New Zealand is trying to open doors for women to have a baby with male partners.
新西蘭嘗試著為婦女和她們的男伴要一個(gè)寶寶打開一扇門。（不對(duì)?。?/span>
（這個(gè)說法準(zhǔn)確的講在這個(gè)句子中是沒有對(duì)應(yīng)的。）
原文只說了：
新西蘭的情況表明沒有那扇門是對(duì)女性關(guān)上的。
并沒有說：新西蘭嘗試著為婦女和她們的男伴要一個(gè)寶寶打開一扇門。
因?yàn)檫@樣說的言下之意就是：曾經(jīng)的門是關(guān)上的?；蛘邲]有門；
而原文并沒有這個(gè)意思。
所以這個(gè)說法是不對(duì)。
我其實(shí)只是想胡亂的拼湊一個(gè)選項(xiàng)出來。
沒曾想拼著拼著還有了幾分道理的感覺，但是確實(shí)沒有依據(jù)。
為難大家了，我在這里給大家道歉。
我也很同情出題人。不容易啊！我們互相抱抱吧!
Had Sergio’s book been stolen a year ago, he would have had to wait to be allowed to check out any other books until he came up with enough money to pay off his library debt.
思考題：
People now have the alternative way to use library without paying off the library fine.
1.Had Sergio’s book been stolen a year ago,
Had 置于句首就應(yīng)該考慮是虛擬語氣中if 被省略，were 和had 被提前，先做還原：
If Sergio’s book had been stolen a year ago,
如果Sergio的書是在一年前被偷得，
2.he would have had to wait /to be allowed to check out any other books /until he came up with enough money to pay off his library debt.
那他就不得不等到攢夠了錢還清了圖書館的罰款以后，才能從圖書館借出其他的書。
1. check out books 借出書
2. came up with enough money 攢足夠的錢
3. pay off 還清
4. library debt= library fine （所謂“圖書館的債”=“圖書館的罰款”，你如果不知道這個(gè)同義替換，我同情你。這是圖書館語境下的習(xí)慣用法，記住就好。）
5. alternative way 其他的方式
如果Sergio的書是在一年前被偷得，那他就不得不等到攢夠了錢還清了圖書館的罰款以后，才能從圖書館借出其他的書。
People now have the alternative way to use library without paying off the library fine.
現(xiàn)在人們即使沒有付清圖書館的罰款也有其他辦法使用圖書館。
這就是由于虛擬語氣引起的正話反說。
所以這個(gè)思考題的表達(dá)是正確的。
Many states have laws limiting political expression in immediate election environments. Minnesota is no exception, and poll workers told Mr. Cilek he must cover up the vote button on his T-shirt or he would not be allowed to vote.
思考題：
Minnesota treats the vote button on T-shirts as political expression.
第一句：
1.Many states have laws
2.limiting political expression in immediate election environments.
第二句：
1.Minnesota is no exception,
2.and poll workers told Mr. Cilek
3.he must cover up the vote button on his T-shirt
4.or he would not be allowed to vote.
1. immediate election environments 直接選舉環(huán)境
2. no exception 不例外
3. poll workers 投票站工作人員
許多州的法律限制了直接選舉環(huán)境中的政治表達(dá)。明尼蘇達(dá)州也不例外，投票工作人員告訴Cilek先生，他必須蓋住他的T恤上的投票按鈕，否則他將不能投票。
Minnesota treats the vote button on T-shirts as political expression.
明尼蘇達(dá)州認(rèn)為T-shirts上的投票按鈕是一種政治表達(dá)。
這個(gè)題目是正確的。
（這個(gè)題目的邏輯和昨天的題目邏輯是一樣的。）
許多州的法律限制了直接選舉環(huán)境中的政治表達(dá)。
明尼蘇達(dá)州也不例外，禁止帶這種按鈕圖案的T恤。
所以：明尼蘇達(dá)州認(rèn)為T-shirts上的投票按鈕是一種政治表達(dá)。
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