179.這是形式主語it 還是there be 句型
例 Have ____ been any changes in your home town?
A.it B.you C.that D.there
此題應(yīng)選D。容易誤選A,誤認(rèn)為這里應(yīng)填形式主語。其實(shí)考生只要想一想,假若選A,it 是形式主語,那么請(qǐng)問此句真正的主語是什么?(找不到?。┱_的分析:此句為there be-句型,這里要特別注意的是:there be結(jié)構(gòu)不僅可以有各種時(shí)態(tài),而且還可以與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞以及happen,appear,seem 等動(dòng)詞連用。本題用的就是there be-句型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的一般疑問句形式。
以下各句用的是否是there be-句型,你看得出來嗎?
1 .There is going to ____ an English film the day after tomorrow.
A.have B.be C.do D.see
2. ____ have been many such accidents here.
A.It B.There C.They D.We
3. ____ used to be a big tree in front of the old house.
A.It B.There C.They D.That
4.There must have ____ something wrong with the machine.
A.been B.gone C.had D.done
5. ____ happened to be a foreign teacher there.
A.It B.There C.They D.That
6.There seems to ____ a storm soon.
A.have B.be C.fall D.blow
答案:1.B 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B
180.這是prevent…from 句型嗎
例 We must prevent pollution ____ happily.
A.to live B.from living
C.living D.on living
此題應(yīng)選A。容易誤選B。主要是受prevent…from 的影響。關(guān)于prevent sb from doing sth(阻止某人做某事)這一句型,考生要注意:其中的sb 與其后的doing sth 通常有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系:
The heavy rain prevented us from going.大雨使我們不能去。
(us 與going 有主謂關(guān)系)
Nothing will prevent me from marrying her.誰也阻止不了我娶她為妻。
(me 與marrying her 有主謂關(guān)系)
上面一題假若選B(from living),那么句中的pollution 應(yīng)與其后的living happily 有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,這顯然是荒唐的。上題選A,其中的to live happily 為目的狀語,全句意為:為了生活愉快,我們必須阻止污染。
做以下試題(注意從語境考慮,避開固定句式的影響):
1.Use an umbrella to ____ you from the rain.
A.stop B.prevent
C.keep D.protect
2.The letter I looked forward to ____ yesterday.
A.come B.came
C.coming D.comes
3.He was in great need of money,so he ____ $800 for his car.
A.paid B.took
C.cost D.spent
答案:1.D 2.B 3.B
181.這個(gè)make 是使役動(dòng)詞嗎
例 The cave was quite dark inside,so he made some candles ____light.
A.give B.to give C.giving D.given
此題應(yīng)選B。容易誤選A。誤認(rèn)為句中的made 是使役動(dòng)詞,其后的動(dòng)詞用原形。
其實(shí)本句中的made 不是使役動(dòng)詞,而是指“做”或“制作”等義,全句意為:洞里很黑,所以他做了些蠟燭來照明。
類似的例子有:
He made a large box to put his letters in.
他做了一個(gè)大盒子來裝放信件。
They made larger buses to carry more passengers.
他們?cè)旄蟮墓财囈员隳苎b更多的乘客。
比較make 用作使役動(dòng)詞的用法:
1.make +賓語 +動(dòng)詞原形:
He made me go there alone.
The boss made the worker work more than 10 hours a day.
但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中,不定式要帶to:
He was made to do so.他被迫這樣做。
2.make +賓語 +過去分詞
He could not make his voice heard.他講話別人聽不清。
When you speak English,be sure to make yourself understood.
說英語時(shí)一定要讓人懂得你的意思。
3.注意:make 后一般不接帶現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):
正:His joke made us laugh.他的笑話使我們笑了。
誤:His joke made us laughing.
182.這是賓語從句還是狀語從句
例 I don't know if it ____ or not tomorrow.
A.rain B.rains C.will ran D.is raining
此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選B。稍有點(diǎn)英語基礎(chǔ)的人都知道英語中有這樣一個(gè)習(xí)慣:當(dāng)主句為一般將來時(shí)或含有將來含義時(shí),其時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等,通常要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來意義。所以考生一見到此句,就不加思索地認(rèn)為應(yīng)選B。其實(shí),句中if 引導(dǎo)的不是條件狀語從句(if≠如果),而是賓語從句(if = 是否),句意為:我不知道明天是否會(huì)下雨。
做以下各題,注意分清是狀語從句還是名詞性從句:
1.I don't know if he ____ ,but if he ____ I will let you know.
A.comes,comes B.will come,will come
C.comes,will come D.will come,comes
2.The weather report says that it ____ tomorrow,but if it
____ ____ ,we will stay home.
A.rains,rains B.will rain,will rain
C.rains,will rain D.will rain,rains
3.—When ____ he come?
—I don't know,but When he ____ ,I'll tell you.
A.does,comes B.will,will come
C.does,will D.will,comes
答案:1.D 2.D 3.D
183.這個(gè)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that 可省略嗎
例 He says ____ he is attacked he will certainly counterattack.
A.if B.that C.if that D.that if
此題應(yīng)選D。容易誤選A。其實(shí)此題也可將詞序改為:
He says that he will certainly counterattack if he's attacked.
他說他若受到攻擊,他一定會(huì)反擊。
按照語法規(guī)則:當(dāng)主句與賓語從句之間插有其它成分時(shí),引導(dǎo)賓語從句的that 通常不能省略。
如:她答應(yīng)要是誰找到他的兒子,她會(huì)給他一大筆錢。
正:She promised(that)she would give him a lot of money if anyone found her son.
正:She promised that if anyone found her son she would give him a lot of money.
他說等他妻子回來,他就離開。
正:He said(that) he would leave when his wife came back.
正:He said that when his wife came back he would leave.
誤:He said when his wife came back he would leave.
她在信上說她愛我。
正:She said(that)she loved me in the letter.
正:She said in the letter that she loved me.
誤:She said in the letter she loved me.
184.單音節(jié)形容詞不能用more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)嗎
例 —I think he is wise.
—No,he is ____ than wise.
A.brave B.braver C.more Brave D.bravest
此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選B。誤選的理由主要是認(rèn)為brave 為單音節(jié)形容詞,一定要用- er 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)。要解決這個(gè)問題,要先從比較句型的兩種不同類型說起:
1.異類同質(zhì)比較
所謂“異類同質(zhì)比較”,指的是兩個(gè)不同的人或事物(異類)在同一方面(同質(zhì))進(jìn)行比較:
He is fatter than his wife.他比他妻子胖。
He is braver than you.他比你勇敢。
This book is more interesting than that one.這本書比那本書更有趣。
What he says is more important than this.他說的比這更重要。
2.同類異質(zhì)比較
所謂“同類異質(zhì)比較”,指的是同一個(gè)人或事物(同類)在兩個(gè)不同的方面
(異質(zhì))
進(jìn)行比較(注意譯文):
They are more brave than wise.他們有勇無謀。
He's more fat than short.與其說他矮,不如說他胖。
He is more good than bad.與其說他是個(gè)壞蛋,不如說他是個(gè)好人。
注意:同類異質(zhì)比較,只能用more 構(gòu)成比較級(jí),不能用-er 形式。另外,這類結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)可補(bǔ)充出被省略的主語和謂語:
He is more fat than short.=He is more fat than he is short.
185.good and fast =“又快又好”嗎
|
例 —He speaks very good English.
—No,I don't think so.But he really speaks ____ and fast.
A.good B.well C.bad D.badly
此題應(yīng)選A。容易誤選B。誤選的理由主要是:修飾動(dòng)詞speak 要用副詞well,而不能用形容詞good。其實(shí)此題選B(well)的錯(cuò)誤不在于修飾問題,因?yàn)閱为?dú)看He speaks well and fast.并沒有什么不妥。但在本題這樣的語境中,選B(well)與上文顯然是自相矛盾。
此題正確答案為A(good),其理由是:good and 是一習(xí)慣用語,其義相當(dāng)于very,completely 等,通常放在形容詞或副詞前,加強(qiáng)語氣:
He was good and tired.他很累了。
It was good and cold in the room.房間里很冷。
The soup was good and hot.這湯很燙。
—The boy was bad.這孩子很壞。
—Yes!He was good and bad.是的,他確實(shí)很壞。
有時(shí),也可以將以上用法中的good 換成nice,fine,big,lovely等:
The house stands nice and high.這房子很高。
The car is going nice and fast.這車跑得很快。
The grass is fine and tall.草長得很高。
It was a lovely and warm day.那是很暖和的一天。
The boss was always big and busy.老板總是很忙。
The book is fine and expensive.這本書很貴。
186.這個(gè)all what 用得對(duì)嗎
例 He told us ____ he had done in the past.
A.all what B.all which C.what all D.that all
此題應(yīng)選A。有的考生認(rèn)為此題沒有答案。至于選項(xiàng)A,有的考生“一目了然”就認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)的,其理由是:
1.因?yàn)?/font>what 不是關(guān)系代詞,所以不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。
2.因?yàn)?/font>what=all that,所以all what 不能同時(shí)使用。
3.因?yàn)橄旅娓骼械?/font>all What 都是錯(cuò)的:
他所說的都是錯(cuò)的。
正:What he said is wrong.
正:All(that)he said is wrong.
誤:All what he said is wrong.
我把一切都給了他。
正:I gave him all[=what]I had.
正:I gave him all(that)I had.
誤:I gave him all what I had.
以上分析基本上對(duì)的,但本題所涉及的句子有個(gè)特殊之處,就是all what 前有個(gè)人稱代詞us。此句選A(all what)的理由是:all 用作其前人稱代詞us 的同位語(而不用作動(dòng)詞told 的直接賓語),全句意為:
他告訴了我們所有的人他過去的所作所為。
以下一組句子會(huì)從另一個(gè)側(cè)面涉及此類問題:
a.My parents are both for the plan.我父母倆人都支持這一計(jì)劃。
(both 為my parents 的同位語)
b.My parents are all for the plan.我父母完全支持這一計(jì)劃。
(all 為副詞,意為“完全”,修飾其后介詞短語for the plan)
187.not a bit 與not a little 同義嗎
例 a.After such a long walk in such hot weather he was not ____tired.
b.We are not ____ tired.Of course we can go on with the work.
A.a bit,a little B.a little,a bit
C.a bit,a bit D.a little,a little
此題應(yīng)選B。關(guān)于這個(gè)問題考生要注意兩點(diǎn):
1.在肯定句中,a bit 和a little 有時(shí)可換用:
He is a bit[=a little]tired.他有點(diǎn)累了。
It is a bit[=a little]hot.有點(diǎn)熱。
2.但是在否定句中,兩者的意思幾乎相反:
not a bit 表示“一點(diǎn)也不”(=not at all)
not a little 表示“很”、“非常”(=very)
1)a.The book is not a bit interesting.這本書一點(diǎn)也沒有趣。
b.The book is not a little interesting.這本書很有趣。
2)a.This kind of car is not a bit expensive.這種汽車一點(diǎn)也不貴。
b.This kind of car is not a little expensive.這種汽車很貴。
3)a.He was not a bit surprised when he heard the news.
他聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí),一點(diǎn)也不驚奇。
b.He was not a little surprised when he heard the news.
他聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí),十分驚奇。
188.能說keep opening 嗎
例 He was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes ____ .
A.open B.opening C.opened D.to open
此題應(yīng)選A。容易誤選B。主要是受keep?doing 這一常用句式的影響。
做好本題的關(guān)鍵是要分清:open 表示“開”這一意義時(shí),是形容詞還是動(dòng)詞。
1.open 用作形容詞時(shí),表示狀態(tài),意為“開著的”:
His eyes were wide open.他的眼睛睜得大大的。
The shop isn't open today.商店今天不開門。
2.open 用作動(dòng)詞時(shí),表示動(dòng)作,意為“開”:
Open your mouth and say“ah”.張開嘴說“啊”。
Please open the window.請(qǐng)打開窗戶。
open 用作動(dòng)詞,是終止性動(dòng)詞,通常不能用來表示“開”這一動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。
如:
這門打開已有一周了。
正:The door has been open for a week.
誤:The door has been opened for a week.
晚上讓窗戶開著。
正:Keep the window open at night.
誤:Keep the window opening at night.
通過以上分析,我們可以清楚地知道:上面一題應(yīng)用keep…open,而不能用keep …opening,其道理已很顯然。假若我們要用keep…opening,那其實(shí)就是要使open 這一終止性動(dòng)作不斷地反復(fù)發(fā)生,這顯然是荒唐的。
189.此題選terribly 能行嗎 例 We all like him,for he is ____ kind to us. A.seldom B.never C.seriously D.terribly 此題應(yīng)選D。有的考生認(rèn)為此題沒有答案,或者說這四個(gè)選項(xiàng)填入空格,句子都不成立。其實(shí),此句選自一本極為權(quán)威的語法書,其正確性是不容置疑的。 本題選D(terribly)的理由是:副詞terribly 除用于一般意義的“可怕地”、“厲害地”等義外,在口語中還可表示“很”、“非常”: Does your leg hurt terribly?你的腿痛得厲害嗎? I am terribly sorry to have kept you waiting.十分抱歉,讓你久等了。 Our English teacher was terribly kind to us.我們的英語老師對(duì)我們好極了。 注意:badly 也有類似用法:即它既可以表示一般意義的“壞”、“差”、“嚴(yán)重”等,在口語中也可表示“很”或“非常”等: He was badly injured in the accident.他在那次事故中受了重傷。 He wants to see his girlfriend badly.他非常想見他的女朋友。 Mr Smith was badly in need of money.史密斯先生急需要錢。 在口語中表示“迫切地”、“非常”等義時(shí)多與want,need,be in need of 等連用;一般不與其它動(dòng)詞連用(若是與其它動(dòng)詞連用則要用greatly 或very much 等)。
190.這個(gè)like 表示“喜歡”嗎
例 He is too lazy.Students like him ____ get good marks in exams.
A.not to B.to not C.don't D.not
此題應(yīng)選C。容易誤選A。出錯(cuò)的原因主要是受like sb to do sth /like sb not to do sth 這類句型的影響。其實(shí)只要考生有一定的英語語感,把這個(gè)句子讀一遍便知這句中的like 不是動(dòng)詞,而是介詞(意為“像?一樣”),所以此句的空格處實(shí)際上就是句子謂語,因此填C.這也就順理成章了(全句意為:他很懶,像他那樣的學(xué)生考試是不會(huì)得高分的)。
請(qǐng)比較以下兩個(gè)句子:
a.He is a bad man,and people like him should be punished.
他是一個(gè)壞蛋,像他這樣的人應(yīng)該受到懲罰。
b.He is a bad man,and people like him to be punished.
他是一個(gè)壞蛋,人們都希望他會(huì)受到懲罰。
試做下面一題(注意根據(jù)句意判定like 的意義與用法):
a.The boy sings well,and children like him ____ for them.
b.The boy sings well,and children like him ____ trained to be a singer.
A.to sing,to be B.can sing,can be
C.to sing,can be D.can sing,to be
答案:C
191.這個(gè)of 與誰搭配
例 We've talked a lot ____ cars.What ____ trains?
A.of,of B.of,about
C.about,of D.about,about
此題應(yīng)選D。容易誤選A,B(尤其是誤選B)。后面一空填介詞about,這比較好理解,但第一空很容易受a lot of 這一短語的影響,而誤選A,B。
假若第一空填介詞of,從而構(gòu)成a lot of,很顯然句中的a lot of cars 應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞talked 的賓語,然而事實(shí)上動(dòng)詞talk 是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞,所以這種分析是不成立的。此題第一空應(yīng)填about,其原因是:句中的a lot 是修飾動(dòng)詞talked的狀語,talk about 才是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語。全句意為:我們對(duì)汽車已談了不少,現(xiàn)在談?wù)劵疖囋趺礃樱?/span>
請(qǐng)做以下各題(注意所填的介詞到底是與哪個(gè)詞搭配):
1.We keep in touch ____ writing often.
A.with B.of C.on D.by
2.We all regarded the poor old man ____ sympathy.
A.as B.with C.of D.by
3.We've decided to leave ____ the farm at once.
A.on B.to C.for D.at
4.He wasn't worried ____ the sad news.
A.about B.with C.at D.in
5.What were you good ____ school?
A.at at B.on on C.in in D.to to
答案:1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.A
192.這個(gè)Would you 后應(yīng)選用哪個(gè)詞
例 —Would you ____ going with us?
—Yes,I'd like to.
A.mind B.like C.please D.feel like
此題應(yīng)選D。其余幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都容易被誤選,造成考生錯(cuò)選的主要原因是,考生對(duì)以下句型十分熟悉,并形成思維定勢(shì):
Would you mind??
Would you like??
Would you please??
尤其是選項(xiàng)A,更容易搞錯(cuò),因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞mind(介意)后接動(dòng)詞時(shí),通常只用動(dòng)名詞形式。
選錯(cuò)的考生多半是只從表面上熟悉以上句型,但并沒有真正掌握以上句型,因?yàn)樗麄儾⒉恢肋@些結(jié)構(gòu)的具體用法以及其后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞的什么形式。
選項(xiàng)A(mind)錯(cuò)的原因在于其下文的答語。問句是問對(duì)方是否介意做某事,對(duì)方先用Yes 來回答,說明是“介意的”,這顯然與下文I'd like to 相矛盾。選項(xiàng)B(like)錯(cuò)的原因?yàn)椋浩浜髴?yīng)接帶to 的不定式(而不能接動(dòng)名詞)。選項(xiàng)C(please)錯(cuò)的原因?yàn)椋浩浜髴?yīng)接不帶to 的不定式(不能接動(dòng)名詞)。
本題應(yīng)選D,feel like 的意思是“想要”、“好像要”,其后要接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式:
It feels like rain.好像要下雨了。
I don't feel like a cup of tea.我不想喝茶。
I don't feel like going out for a walk.我不想出去散步。
193.newspaper 是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞 例 When I came in,my father was reading ____ in bed. A.a newspaper B.a piece of newspaper C.newspaper D.a pile of newspaper 此題應(yīng)選A。容易誤選B,C。因?yàn)闃?gòu)成newspaper 的news (消息)和paper(紙)都是不可數(shù)名詞,所以不少考生受此影響誤認(rèn)為newspaper(報(bào)紙)也是不可數(shù)名詞。其實(shí),newspaper 表示供閱讀的一張一張的“報(bào)紙”,是規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞: Give me some newspapers to read.給我?guī)讖垐?bào)紙讀。 When I entered.he was reading a newspaper.我進(jìn)來時(shí)他在讀報(bào)紙。 但是若不是將newspaper 當(dāng)作是供閱讀或傳遞信息的一種東西,而是把它僅僅當(dāng)成一種“紙”來看待,則也可以是不可數(shù)名詞: Wrap it in(a sheet of)newspaper.把它用(一張)報(bào)紙包起來。 類似地:請(qǐng)注意tear(眼淚)一詞,有的考生對(duì)此是這樣推理的:“眼淚”即“淚水”,而“淚水”是一種水,水不可數(shù),所以“眼淚”(tear)不可數(shù)。但事實(shí)上,tear 在通常情況下卻是一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞: He was moved to tears.他被感動(dòng)得流了淚。 When I told her the unpleasant news,I saw two great tears coming down her face. 當(dāng)我告訴她這個(gè)令人不愉快的消息時(shí),我看見兩顆大淚珠從她的臉上掉了下來。 194.選這個(gè)介詞要慎重 例 —How long have you been here? — ____ the end of last month. A.In B.By C.At D.Since 此題應(yīng)選D。其余三項(xiàng)均很容易被錯(cuò)選??忌x錯(cuò)此題的主要原因是受in the end,by the end of,at the end of 等這類常用短語的影響,而沒有分析對(duì)話上下文的語境。此題選D(since)的主要原因是因?yàn)閷?duì)話的上句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài),句意為:你來這里有多久了(指從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間)?所以其答語應(yīng)該是一個(gè)能從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間段。 其實(shí)只要改變一下對(duì)話的前提,其余幾個(gè)選也是完全可能的: 1.—When did you finish the work? — ____ the end of last month. A.In B.By C.At D.Since 2.—When had you finished the work? — ____ the end of last month. A.In B.By C.At D.Since 3.—Didn't he finish his work in time? —No,so he was punished ____ the end. A.in B.by C.at D.since 類似地,下面一題也應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文來確定選項(xiàng): 4.—Did you know anything about it? —Not ____ you told me. A.atfer B.when C.as D.until 答案:1.C 2.B 3.A 4.D
195.這個(gè)fish 是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù) |
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