2014年新版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
Unit 1. what’s the matter?
一．重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納
1. foot---feet 腳 <復(fù)> tooth---teeth 牙齒 <復(fù)>
2. have a cold 感冒
3. have a stomachache 胃疼
4. have a sore back背疼
5. have a sore throat喉嚨疼
6. have a fever發(fā)燒
7. lie down and (have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息
8. hot tea with honey 加蜜的熱茶
9. see a dentist 看牙醫(yī) see a doctor 看醫(yī)生
10.drink lots of water多喝水
11.lots of ,a lot of, a lot
a lot of=lots of，可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，一般用在肯定句中。：
There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library.
There is a lot of water on the ground
a lot,是一個(gè)副詞詞組，跟動(dòng)詞連用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.
12. have a toothache牙疼
13. That’s a good idea好主意
14. go to bed 去睡覺(jué) go to bed early 早上床睡覺(jué)
15. feel well感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well
我感覺(jué)不舒服.
16. start doing/ to do sth開(kāi)始做某事
TO DO 是一件事情完成了，開(kāi)始做另外一件事情
DOING是原來(lái)的那件事情做到一半，現(xiàn)在又開(kāi)始做了，是同一件事情。
17. two days ago兩天前
18. get some rest 多休息, 休息一會(huì)兒
19. I think so我認(rèn)為是這樣
20. be thirsty口渴
21. be hungry 饑餓
22. be stressed out緊張
23. listen to music聽(tīng)音樂(lè)
24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
25. traditional Chinese doctors傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)
26. need to do sth 需要做某事
I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist. 我牙痛, 我需要去看牙醫(yī).
We need to keep our classroom clean. 我們需要保持教室的干凈.
27. a balance of yin and yang陰陽(yáng)平衡
28. for example例如
29. too much yin太多的陰, 陰氣太盛
too much + 不可數(shù)名詞 太多的…
much too +形/副 實(shí)在太… 極其，非常
too many + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 太多的…
30.be good for sth./ doing sth. 對(duì)什么有益 ，對(duì)什么有好處
be bad for sth./ doing sth. 對(duì)什么有害
be good to 對(duì)…好
be good at =do well in 在……方面好，擅長(zhǎng)
be good(bad) for、be good at的相關(guān)用法
1.be good for 對(duì)......有益
Doing morning exercises is good for your health.
做早操對(duì)你們的建康有益。
2.be good at 擅長(zhǎng)于......
Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅長(zhǎng)于籃球。
= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅長(zhǎng)于打籃球。
be good at = do well in 如：
I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅長(zhǎng)于數(shù)學(xué)。
3.be good to 對(duì)......好
Parents are always good to their children.父母親總是對(duì)他們的孩子好。
31.get good grades 取得好成績(jī)
32.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的氣
I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.
be angry at/ about sth 就某事生氣
33.Chinese medicine 中藥
34.be popular in + some place 在某地很流行
Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries. 現(xiàn)在中藥在許多西方國(guó)家受歡迎。
35.in western countries在西方國(guó)家
36.It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。 It’s important to do sth . 做某事很重要。
37.balanced diet平衡飲食
38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired
39.go out at night在晚上出去
When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦時(shí)，晚上你不該外出
40.stay healthy 保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health
41.at the moment此時(shí)，此刻= now
I’m not feeling very well at the moment
42.enjoy sth. =like sth. (名詞)喜歡某物,
enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事=like dong sth
enjoy oneself (myself, yourself,herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself
反身代詞) 玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time =have fun
43. conversation practice會(huì)話(huà)練習(xí)
44. host family 寄宿家庭
45. have a lot of headaches經(jīng)常疼痛
I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲勞，而且經(jīng)常頭痛。
46. a few + 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 少許…
a little + 不可數(shù)名詞/形/副 一點(diǎn)…
47.He shouldn’t eat anything
=He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.
48.give sb some advice給某人建議give advice 提出建議
advice 是不可數(shù)名詞
a piece of advice 一則建議 take one’s advice 采納或聽(tīng)從某人的建議
He gave me some good advice.
他向我提了一些很好的意見(jiàn)。
49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小時(shí)
50.take medicine 吃藥 服藥
I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因?yàn)楦忻?，我不得不一天吃三次藥?/span>
二 固定結(jié)構(gòu)
It’s +形 + for sb. + to do sth.
做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是…的。
It’s important to do sth .做某事很重要。
It’s important for me to eat a balanced diet. 平衡飲食對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是很重要的.
It’s easy to do sth做某事是容易的。
It’s easy for us to find out the answer. 找出答案對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是容易的
三．重點(diǎn)句子
1.What’s the matter ? What’s the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？
=What’s the trouble with you?=What’s wrong with you?
I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache
2.That’s too bad. You should / shouldn’t … 那太糟糕了. 你應(yīng)該/不該…
You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor .
He shouldn’t eat anything = He should eat nothing. 他不應(yīng)當(dāng)吃任何東西.
3.I’m not felling well . 這里well表示身體狀況，不能用good代替
I don’t feel well= I’m not feeling well 我感覺(jué)不舒服.
4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始的？大約兩天前
5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起來(lái)
這里better是well的比較級(jí)
6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy. 傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)認(rèn)為我們需要陰陽(yáng)調(diào)和以保持身體健康。
這里 to be healthy是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)，作目的狀語(yǔ)
7.You should eat hot yang foods, like beef. 你應(yīng)該吃一些像牛肉之類(lèi)的陽(yáng)性食物。
8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.
吃黨參和黃芪等草本植物也對(duì)這有好處。
9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.
太緊張易怒的人或許吃了太多的陽(yáng)性食物。too much后跟不可數(shù)名詞，而too many后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)
10.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and it’s important to eat a balanced diet . 有一個(gè)健康的生活方式很容易，飲食平衡是很重要的。
→ It’s easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / It’s important to do sth . 做某事重要
11.You should rest for a few nights. 你應(yīng)該休息幾個(gè)晚上
12.I study late every night, sometimes until 2 am, but I don’t think I’m improving.
我每天晚上學(xué)到很晚，有時(shí)到凌晨2點(diǎn)鐘，但我認(rèn)為我沒(méi)有提高。
13believe in 信任某人，強(qiáng)調(diào)品質(zhì)，believe sb.相信某人的話(huà)
I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.
他的話(huà)是真的，但是我不信任他這個(gè)人。
14 .I have a toothache . I need to see a dentist .
→ need意思為 “需要” ，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式，否定式為don’t /doesn’t / didn’t need (to do sth.) ；作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，否定式為needn’t(do sth.) ，除有過(guò)去式外，沒(méi)有其它的形態(tài)變化
四．知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)
1.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法
should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，意為"應(yīng)該......"。
should（應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該）用于所有人稱(chēng)，表示勸告或建議。
eg. You should wait a little more.
你應(yīng)該再多等一會(huì)兒。
--- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厲害。
--- You should lie down and have a rest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。
2maybe與may be
1.maybe是副詞，譯為“也許、可能”，相當(dāng)于“perhaps”。如：
Maybe he can answer the question. 也許他能回答那個(gè)問(wèn)題。
He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。
2.may be中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，譯為“可能是......”。如：
He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也來(lái)自美國(guó)。
She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我們的英語(yǔ)老師
3too many,too much與much too
1.too many意為“太多”，用于修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：
There are too many students in our class. 我們班上有太多的學(xué)生。
2.too much意為“太多”，用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如：
We have too much work to do. 我們有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞。如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了，所以我搬不動(dòng)它。
4 few、a few、little、a little的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系：
1.few / a few用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞，few表示否定意義，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有幾個(gè)。 例如：
He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他這里沒(méi)朋友，他感覺(jué)寂寞。
There are a few eggs in the basket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。
2.little / a little用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞，little表示否定意思，沒(méi)有，幾乎沒(méi)有。
a little 表示肯定意思，有一點(diǎn)兒。 例如：
There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里沒(méi)有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？
5 not…until 直到 …(否定句) 才，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞
She didn’t leave until we came.
He went shopping after he got up.
=He didn’t go shopping until /before he got up.
……until/till 直到··· （肯定句）動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
We stayed here till/until 12 o’clock.
Unit 2 I'll help clean the city parks.
一．知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞小結(jié)
常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：
1.動(dòng)詞+副詞 如：give up 放棄 turn off 關(guān)掉 stay up 熬夜
這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語(yǔ)是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)
詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放
在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。
2. 動(dòng)詞+介詞 如：listen of 聽(tīng) look at 看 belong to 屬于
這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語(yǔ)。
3. 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞 如：come up with 提出，想出
run out of 用完，耗盡
4. 動(dòng)詞+名詞(介詞) 如：take part in參加 catch hold of 抓住
1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高興、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高興
clean up 打掃 clean-up n. 打掃
2. homeless adj. 無(wú)家可歸的 a homeless boy 一個(gè)無(wú)家可歸的男孩home n. 家
4. sick adj. 生病的 作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)
ill adj. 生病的 作表語(yǔ) ，不能作定語(yǔ)
5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效勞、主動(dòng)貢獻(xiàn)
volunteer n. 志愿者
6. come up with 提出 想出 === think up 想出
catch up with 趕上 追上
7. put off doing 推遲做某事
put on 穿上 (指過(guò)程)
put up 張貼
8. write down 寫(xiě)下 記下
9. call up 打電話(huà)
make a telephone call 打電話(huà)
10. set up 成立 建立
The new hospital was set up in 2000. 這座醫(yī)院是在2000年成立的。
11. each 每個(gè) 各自的 強(qiáng)調(diào)第一個(gè)人或事物的個(gè)別情況 常與of 連用
every 每個(gè) 每一個(gè)的 一切的 則有“全體”的意思不能與of 連用
12. put …to use 把… 投入使用，利用
They put the new machine to use. 他們把新機(jī)器投入使用
13. help sb. (to) do 幫助某人做某事 help him (to) study
help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 help him with English
help do 幫助做某事 help study
14. plan to do 計(jì)劃做某事
plan + 從句
I plan to go to
我計(jì)劃去北京。
15. spend … doing 花費(fèi)…做… I spent a day visiting
我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。
spend… on sth. 花費(fèi)…在… I spent 3 years on English.
16.not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)并列的成分
(1)引導(dǎo)以 not only …but (also)… 開(kāi)頭的句子往往引起部分倒裝。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒裝句。也是說(shuō)得要
把前面的句子中的助動(dòng)詞或者是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的前面。如：
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best.
我不僅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接兩主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞隨后面的主語(yǔ)人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化 也就是就近原則 如：
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不僅莉莉而且你也喜歡貓。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不僅你而且莉莉喜歡貓。
常見(jiàn)的就近原則的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
①Neither… nor…即不…也不… (兩者都不)Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜歡他。
②Either… or… 不是…就是… (兩者中的一個(gè))Either Lily or you are a student.
③Not only …but (also)…
④There be
17. join 參加 (指參加團(tuán)體、組織) 如：join the Party 入黨
take part in 參加 (指參加活動(dòng)) 如：
take part in sports meeting 參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)
18. run out 與 run out of
①run out (become used up). 其主語(yǔ)往往為物。如時(shí)間，食物，金錢(qián)，油等，本
身就含有被動(dòng)意義。
His money soon ran out. 他的錢(qián)很快就花光了。
My patience has completely run out. 我沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)耐心了。
Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。
②run out of 主語(yǔ)為人，表示主動(dòng)含義。
He is always running out of money before pay day. 他總是在發(fā)工資的日子還沒(méi)有到就把錢(qián)花完了。
兩者在一定條件下可以互換
如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了
= We are running out of petrol. 我們快把汽油用完了。
Our time is running out. 我們剩下的時(shí)間不多了。= We are running out of time
19. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)與(父母等)相像
be similar to 與..相像 take after 相像
look after 照顧 take care of 照顧
20. work out v. + adj.
①結(jié)局，結(jié)果為
The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的這個(gè)策略效果很好。
②算出，制訂出，消耗完（精力等）
He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)疲乏似的。
He worked out a plan. 他制訂了一個(gè)計(jì)劃。
I have worked out our total expenses. 我已經(jīng)算出了我們總的費(fèi)用。
21. hang out 閑蕩 閑逛
I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜歡和我的朋友一起去購(gòu)物中心閑蕩。
22. be able to do 能 會(huì)
be unable to do 不能 不會(huì)
23. thank you for doing 謝謝做某事 如：
thank you for helping me 謝謝做幫助我
24. for sure 確實(shí)如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
You don’t have money. That’s for sure. 你沒(méi)有錢(qián)，這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。
25. fill… with… 使…充滿(mǎn)… 用…填充…
She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填滿(mǎn)碗。
26. like prep. 像…
27. help sb. out 幫助…做事，解決難題(擺脫困境)
I can’t work out this math problem. Please help me out.
我不能算出這道數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你幫我解決。
28. train n. 火車(chē) train v. 訓(xùn)練
train sb. to do. 訓(xùn)練某人做某事
She trains her dog to fetch things. 她訓(xùn)練她的狗去取東西。
29. at once == right away 立刻 馬上 如：
Do it at once. 馬上去做。
I’ll go there at once/ right away. 我馬上去那里。
30. one day 有一天 (指將來(lái)/過(guò)去) some day 有一天(指將來(lái)) 如：
One day I went to
Some day I’ll go to
31. specially adv. 特意地 專(zhuān)門(mén)地 特別地 special adj. 特別的
32. donation n. 捐贈(zèng)物 donate v. 捐贈(zèng) 贈(zèng)送
33. part of speech 詞性 詞類(lèi)
34. disabled adj. 肢體有殘疾的 disable v. 不能
35. hand out 分發(fā) hand out bananas
give out 分發(fā) give out sth to sb. 分….給某人
give up doing 放棄… give up smoking 放棄吸煙
give away 贈(zèng)送 捐贈(zèng) give away sth. to …. give away money to kids
give sb. sth. 給某人某東西 give me money 給我錢(qián)
give sth. to sb. 給某人某東西 give money to me 給我線(xiàn)
36. volunteer ①可數(shù)名詞 “志愿者” ②adj. 自愿的
vi. volunteer to do sth
They are the Chinese People’s Volunteers. 他們是中國(guó)人民志愿軍。
I volunteer to help you. 我自愿幫助你。
37. no longer = not … any longer 指時(shí)間上不再延續(xù)。
no more = not … any more 指動(dòng)作上不再延續(xù)。
二．短語(yǔ)
1.clean up 清掃
2.give out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放
3.cheer up=make…h(huán)appier 使...高興，使...振作
4.after school study program 課外學(xué)習(xí)班
5.come up with=think up 提出，想出
6.put off 推遲
7.write down 寫(xiě)下，記下
8.put up 張貼
9.hand out 分發(fā)，發(fā)放
10.call up 打電話(huà)
11.ser up=establish 建立
12.be home to sb 是某人的家園
13.volunteer one’s time to do sth 自愿花時(shí)間干...
14.put…to use… 把...投入使用
15.elementary school 小學(xué)
16.plan to do sth 計(jì)劃干...打算干
17.coach a football team for kids 訓(xùn)練少年足球隊(duì)
18.start a Chinese History club 開(kāi)辦一個(gè)中國(guó)史俱樂(lè)部
19.run out of 用完，耗盡
20.take after 在性格或長(zhǎng)相方面與父母相象
21.fix up 修理
22.give away 捐贈(zèng)
23.be similar to 與...相似
24.ask for 索要
25.a call-in center for parents 家長(zhǎng)熱線(xiàn)
26.hang out 閑蕩
27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 張貼尋求唱歌工作的廣告
28.run out of money for singing lessons 學(xué)唱歌的錢(qián)用完了
29.disabled people 殘疾人
30.for sure 確實(shí)如此，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)
31.fill…with... 用...填充... be full of 裝滿(mǎn)了...
32.help...out 幫助...做事，解決難題（擺脫困境）
33.a specially trained dog 一只經(jīng)過(guò)特殊訓(xùn)練的狗
34.train sb to do sth 訓(xùn)練某人干...
35.fetch my book 把我的書(shū)拿來(lái)
36.part of speech 詞性
三．句子
1．We can’t put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from
now. 我們不能推遲制訂計(jì)劃，清潔日離現(xiàn)在只有兩周了。
2．She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊凰W(xué)的課后輔導(dǎo)中心工作，使這個(gè)愛(ài)好得到較好的利用
3．Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 幫助別人不但自己感到快樂(lè)，而且我開(kāi)始花時(shí)間做自己喜歡做的事了。
4．The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 這三個(gè)學(xué)生計(jì)劃在他們校開(kāi)展一個(gè)學(xué)生志愿者項(xiàng)目。
5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他還貼了一些需求舊自行車(chē)的告。
6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 幾米想出的這個(gè)辦法很效。
7．He did a radio interview. 他接受了電臺(tái)的采訪(fǎng)。
8．We need to come up with a plan. 我們需要指定一個(gè)計(jì)劃。
9．You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以幫助打掃城市公園。
10．He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who
don’t have bikes. 他現(xiàn)在有16輛要修理的自行車(chē)，并準(zhǔn)備把這些修好的自行車(chē)贈(zèng)送給那些沒(méi)有自行車(chē)的孩子。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
一．重要詞組及短語(yǔ)
1. could you please do sth.? 你能……嗎？/ 請(qǐng)你干……好嗎？
2. do the chores 做雜務(wù)
3. do the dishes 洗餐具
4. sweep the floor 清掃地板
5. take out the trash 倒垃圾
6. make one's bed 鋪床
7. fold one's clothes 疊衣服
8. clean the living room 清掃客廳
9. stay out late 晚歸
10. come over 過(guò)來(lái)
11. have a test 考試
12. get a ride 搭車(chē)
13. use one's computer 使用某人的電腦
14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 討厭某事/做某事
like to do (doing) sth.
15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服
16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做飯
17. wash the car 刷車(chē)
18. work on 從事，忙于
work at 學(xué)習(xí)、致力于、在……上下工夫
19. borrow some money 借一些錢(qián)
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入)
lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借給某人某物(借出)
You can borrow some money from your brother.
你可以向你哥哥借些錢(qián)。
Can you lend me your bike? 你能借給我你的自行車(chē)嗎？
20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事
They invited me to join their club. 他們邀請(qǐng)我參加俱樂(lè)部。
invite sb to a place
invite you to my party
21. go to the store 去商店
22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事
agree with sb. 同意某人的意見(jiàn)
disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事
disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意見(jiàn)
23. take care of = look after 照顧、照看、照料
take good care of = look after … well 把……照管得好
26. take sb. for a walk 帶某人去散步
27. play with sb. 和某人玩
28. forget to do sth. 忘記去做某事(未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事(做過(guò))
（1）do, make 短語(yǔ)歸類(lèi)
do the dishes 洗餐具
do my homework 做我的家庭作業(yè)
do chores 做家務(wù)，處理瑣事
do the laundry 洗衣
do the shopping 購(gòu)物
do some reading 讀書(shū)
make your bed 鋪床
make breakfast 做早餐
make dinner 做晚飯
make tea 泡茶，沏茶
make a cup of coffee 沖一杯咖啡
（2）關(guān)于 to 的短語(yǔ)總結(jié)：
have to do sth. 不得不，必須做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事 hate to do sth. 討厭做某事
like to do sth. 喜歡做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事
love to do sth. 熱愛(ài)做某事 forget to do sth. 忘記做某事
start to do sth. 開(kāi)始做某事 begin to do sth. 開(kāi)始做某事
ask sb to do sth. 請(qǐng)某人做某事
二．重點(diǎn)句型
1. Could you please clean your room?
Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.
2. Could I please use the car?
Sure. / Certainly. / Of course. / No, you can't. I have to go out.
在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問(wèn)句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語(yǔ)氣，而 can 則不具備這些語(yǔ)氣。這種情況下不能把 could 看作 can 的過(guò)去式。以上兩句中用 could 是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了 can, could 之外，還可以用 may，句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來(lái)表示同一個(gè)概念。例：
Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?
作允答可以各種各樣：
如同意可以說(shuō) Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，還可說(shuō) Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 That's OK / all right.
如果不同意，可以說(shuō) I'm sorry you can't. 或 I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免說(shuō) No, you can't. 這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語(yǔ)氣。
Unit4.Why don’t you talk to your parents?
一. 重要詞匯和句型
1. get ( 1 ) 買(mǎi) get sth. for sb. == get sb. sth. 為某人買(mǎi)某物
Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ?
== Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?
( 2 ) 得到, 到達(dá) Where did you get the book ?
When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .
(3) 使, 讓 get + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ) 使某人\ 某物 怎么樣
Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed .
get sb. to do sth. 使某人\ 某物做某事
I got him to call Jim yesterday .
(4) ( 逐漸) 變得…The weather gets warmer and days get longer .
Why did the teacher get angry ?
2. how about \ what about 后跟名詞\ 代詞\ 動(dòng)詞ing形式。
( 1) 向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求
How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ?
(2) 向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖?jiàn)或看法
How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?
( 3 ) 詢(xún)問(wèn)天氣或身體情況
How about the weather in
How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?
( 4 ) 談話(huà)中承接上下文
I’m forty years old . How about you ?
I’m from
3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday .
receive a letter from == get a letter from == heard from收到某人的信
I received a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I got a letter from my parents last Sunday .
== I heard from my parents last Sunday .
accept 接受 He couldn’t accept our suggestions but our gifts .
She was very glad to receive the invitation .
He didn’t receive a good education at university .
I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it .
4. a 6--year – old child 一個(gè)六歲的孩子
6--year – old 是由 “數(shù)詞 +名詞 + 形容詞 ” 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞, 作前置定語(yǔ),
修飾后面的名詞child .
數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：
a five-year-old girl 一個(gè)五歲的女孩
a six-foot-deep hole 一個(gè)六英尺深的洞
a two-meter-long ruler 一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子 a 100-meter race一場(chǎng)百米賽跑
a ten-story-high building 一棟十層高的樓房
a two-inch-thick dictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典
5. too … to… 太…… 而不能 ……
too 后跟形容詞或副詞原形, to 后跟動(dòng)詞原形, 構(gòu)成不定式. 句子的主語(yǔ)與
動(dòng)詞不定的主語(yǔ)不一時(shí), 可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語(yǔ)for sb.
He is too young to join the army ( 軍隊(duì)) .
The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out .
表示否定意義的never \ not 和too … to… 連用時(shí)表達(dá)肯定一樣.
One is never too old to learn .
too … to… 可以與 enough to 和 so… that … 轉(zhuǎn)換.
與enough to轉(zhuǎn)換 時(shí), enough 前的形容詞, 副詞必須是too 后面形容詞,
副詞的反義詞, 并使用其否定句式.
She is too young to do the work .
== she isn’t old enough to do the work .
與 so… that … 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí), that 后面的從句要用否定形式.
Tom is too tired to walk any farther .
== Tom is so tired that he can’t walk any farther .
6. cost 1) 動(dòng)詞 , 花費(fèi) \ 價(jià)值 (多少錢(qián) )
How much did it cost ?
I didn’t buy it because it cost too much .
The meal cost us about 100 yuan .
(2 ) 名詞 , 成本, 費(fèi)用, 價(jià)錢(qián). at all costs不惜任何代價(jià); at the cost
of 以 …… 為代價(jià).
Living costs are higher in cities than that in the country .
We must stop it at all costs .
After the earthquake , the soldiers tried to reach the area at the
cost of their lives .
7. pay , spend , cost , take 的區(qū)別
pay 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢(qián) ) , 主語(yǔ)是人. Sb. pay some money for sth.
I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week .
Spend 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢(qián)或時(shí)間 ),主語(yǔ)是人. Sb. spend some money on sth.
Sb. spend some time ( in ) doing sth.
I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week .
She spent 2 hours ( in ) doing her homework .
cost 花費(fèi) ( 多少錢(qián) ) , 主語(yǔ)是物. Sth. cost sb. some money .
This jacket cost him 200 dollars .
take 花費(fèi) (時(shí)間 ),It takes sb. some time to do sth .
花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事
How long does it take sb. to do sth ?
花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事?
It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework .
It takes me 10 minutes to walk to school from home .
It will take them 6 months to build the building .
How long does it take him to plant the trees ?
8. sleep , sleeping, sleepy , asleep , fall asleep , be asleep
sleep 動(dòng)詞, 睡覺(jué), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作. I am very tired . I want to sleep .
He slept for 12 hours yesterday .
sleeping , Sleep 的現(xiàn)在分詞, 表示 “ 正在睡覺(jué)”
Don’t make so much noise . The baby is sleeping .
They woke up the sleeping girl and asked her where her parents were .
sleepy 想睡覺(jué)的, 困倦的. I am a little sleepy . I’d like to go to bed .
asleep 睡著了的.
The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school .
Would you mind turning down the TV ? The baby is asleep .
fall asleep 強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒(méi)有睡著到睡著的過(guò)程, 不能接一段時(shí)間
I couldn’t fall asleep until it was very late last night .
He listened to music and fell asleep .
be asleep 表示睡著后的狀態(tài) , “ 睡著了”, 可以接一段時(shí)間 .
He was asleep for three hours .
9. choose 動(dòng)詞, “ 選擇,挑選 ” , 過(guò)去式chose, 過(guò)去分詞chosen
choose to do sth. 選擇做某事
can’t Choose but 只得……
pick and choose 挑挑揀揀
There are many books to choose from .
We choose mike as our leader ( 領(lǐng)導(dǎo) ).
Will you help me choose a dictionary ?
Everyone can’t choose but obey ( 服從 ) .
It’s her habit (習(xí)慣 ) to pick and choose while shopping .
10. present (1) 禮物, 禮品 == gift Why not give him a card as a present ?
what can I get him for a birthday present ?
( 2 ) 目前, 現(xiàn)在 I’m sorry he is out at present .
You have to forget the past and start living in the present .
11. open ( 1 ) 動(dòng)詞, 打開(kāi) , 開(kāi)業(yè), 開(kāi)張, 展現(xiàn)
It’s not right to open other people’s letters .
Would you mind opening the window ?
The door opens to the south .
This factory opened in 1998.
( 2 ) 形容詞, be open 開(kāi)著的, 開(kāi)放的
In his dream the flowers are all open .
Most shops are closed but several are still open .
On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public .
close 動(dòng)詞, 關(guān)閉, 關(guān)上 , 合上
Please close the door to keep the cold out .
closed 形容詞, be closed 關(guān)著的, 關(guān)閉的
when we got to the shop it was closed .
12 . give away 贈(zèng)送 , 分發(fā) give away sth to sb
Aunt Wang gave away the candies (糖果 ) to the kids .
John gave away his notebook to me .
其它短語(yǔ) give up 放棄 give back 歸還 give off 放出, 發(fā)出(氣味)
give sth to sb == give sb. sth . 把某物給某人
13. rather than 而不是 …… 后面跟名詞, 代詞, 從句
The color seems green rather than blue .
If you ran rather than walked , you would have arrived earlier .
We depend on you rather than on him .
You should help them rather than they should help you .
prefer to do sth rather than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……
She preferred to stay at home rather than go with us .
He preferred to listen to music rather than play games .
Would rather do sth than do sth . 寧愿…… , 也不 ……
He would rather play than work .
I would rather take the slowest train than go there by air .
14. instead (1) 位于句首, 表示 “ 反而, 相反”
I didn’t go to the cinema last night . instead, I watched a football match on TV.
The boy didn’t sing to the music . Instead , he sang his own way .
( 2 ) 位于句尾, 表示 “ 作為代替, 而是”
Mr smith was ill , so mr green was taking his class instead .
I don’t like this one , please give me that instead .
instead of 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動(dòng)名詞, 介詞短語(yǔ).表示 “ 代替, 而不是”
I have come instead of my brother . He is ill .
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator ( 電梯 ) .
He studies in the evening instead of during the day .
15. enter (1) 參加 == take part in \ join
More than one thousand sportsmen entered \ took part in the games .
My brother hopes to enter \ join the army next year .
( 2 ) 進(jìn)入 ==come into \ go into
She entered\ came into the room with these words .
Did you see someone enter \ go into the house ?
16. encourage 動(dòng)詞, 鼓勵(lì), 激勵(lì) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事
Parents should encourage children to do things by themselves .
Our English teacher encourages us to keep a dairy in English .
17. progress 名詞, “ 進(jìn)步, 進(jìn)展” make progress “取得進(jìn)步, 取得進(jìn)展”
My parents are pleased with my progress in lessons .
Tom is now making much \ great progress at school .
They made no progress in the heavy snow .
18. suggest 動(dòng)詞, 建議, 提議. 后跟名詞, 代詞, 動(dòng)名詞和從句
she suggested a way out of the difficulty .
he suggested going home .
who suggested you staying here ?
I suggested we ( should ) hold a meeting .
19. take an interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣
否定表達(dá)是 take no interest in ( doing ) sth. 對(duì) ( 做 )某事不感興趣
Do you take an interest in English ?
Most children take an interest in playing computer games .
He takes no interest in playing basketball .
be \ become interested in ( doing ) sth對(duì) ( 做 )某事感興趣
I’m deeply interested in swimming .
She became interested in singing when she was only 7 years old .
20. Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
提到了三種提高英語(yǔ)的好方法.
of improving English是介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾ways . 它相當(dāng)與 動(dòng)詞不定式.
Three good ways of improving English are mentioned .
=== Three good ways to improve English are mentioned .
Can you find a way to work out the problem ?
==Can you find a way of working out the problem ?
Fast is another way of saying quick .
== Fast is another way to say quick .
Mention (1) 動(dòng)詞, “ 提到, 提及, 說(shuō)起 ”
as mentioned above 如上所述
He often mentioned his past to me .
Nobody mentioned anything to me about it .
Did she mention where she was going ?
You mentioned in your letter that you might be moving abroad .
As mentioned above , there are many good ways to learn English well .
( 2 ) 名詞, “ 提及, 說(shuō)起 ”
The newspaper made no mention of him .
21. make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
Would you like to make friends with us ?
I find it difficult to make friends with Ben .
二. 形容詞、 副詞
一、形容詞
（一）形容詞的含義：表示人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)的詞叫形容詞。
（二）形容詞的用法及位置：
1．作定語(yǔ)，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后。
The nice girl is my sister .
I have something important to tell you .
2. 少數(shù)形容只能作表語(yǔ)不能作定語(yǔ)：alone , afraid , ill , asleep , awake , alive , well 。
3.作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞之后。 He looks happy .
4. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make , leave , keep 等動(dòng)詞連用。
You must keep your eyes closed .
Don’t make your hands dirty .
5. 某些形容詞放在定冠詞the之后，表示一類(lèi)人。常見(jiàn)的詞有：good , bad , rich , poor ,
young , old , deaf , blind , black , white , living , dead 。
The young should be polite to the old .
Please don’t laugh at the poor .
6. 某些表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接動(dòng)詞不定式（to + 動(dòng)詞原形）：
glad , happy , pleased
be sorry , sad , sure , kind + to do sth .
ready , afraid , able
easy , difficult
(三) 形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
1．規(guī)則變化
（1）一般情況，直接在詞尾加er \ est 。
(2) 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾時(shí)， 加 r \ st 。
（3）以“輔音字母 +y ”結(jié)尾時(shí)， 把y變?yōu)?/span> i ，再加er \ est 。
( 4) 部分形容詞，先雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加er \ est 。
big , hot, fat , thin , red ,
(5) 部分形容詞， 在前面加 more \ most 。
beautiful , careful , important , delicious , difficult , dangerous
(6) 以ly結(jié)尾的形容詞，在前面加more \ most 。
friendly(友好的) , lonely（孤獨(dú)的） , lovely（可愛(ài)的）
Likely（有希望的） , daily （日常的）, lively （有生氣的）
2. 不規(guī)則變化
good \ well --- better--- best many \ much --- more--- most
bad \ ill --- worse --- worst little --- less --- least
far ---farther (較遠(yuǎn)的) \ further (進(jìn)一步的) ---farthest (最遠(yuǎn)的) \ furthest （最大程度的）
old ---older(年紀(jì)較大的) \ elder（年紀(jì)最大的）---oldest（較年長(zhǎng)的）\ eldest (最年長(zhǎng)的)
(四) 形容詞原級(jí)的用法：
1．說(shuō)明人或事物自身的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)用形容詞原形。
The flowers in the garden are beautiful .
2. 有表示程度的副詞very , so , too, enough , quite 等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞原形。
The boy is too young .
3.表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時(shí)，用形容詞原形。
肯定句：A + 動(dòng)詞 + as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
English is as interesting as Chinese .
Xiao Ming is as tall as Jim .
否定句：A + 動(dòng)詞 + not as \ so+ 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
This book is not as \ so new as that one .
I am not so careful as Lucy .
否定句的結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于 A + 動(dòng)詞 + less + 形容詞原形 + than + B 。
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English .
4. 表示“A 是B 的幾倍”： A +動(dòng)詞+ 倍數(shù)+ as + 形容詞原形 + as + B 。
Our school is three times as big as theirs .
This table is twice as long as that one .
5．“A + 動(dòng)詞 +Half + as + 形容詞原形 +as + B”表示“A是B的一半”
Her room is half as big as yours .
(五)、形容詞比較級(jí)的用法：
1．表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)：A + 動(dòng)詞+ 形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B
Lily’s room is bigger than mine .
This mooncake is nice than that one .
2． 有表示程度的副詞a little , a bit , a few , a lot , much , even , still ,
Far , rather , any 等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)。
I feel even worse now . It is much colder today than before .
3. 表示兩者之間“哪一個(gè)更、、、”：which \ who is +形容詞比較級(jí), A or B ?
Who is taller , L i Ming or Wang Tao ?
Which sweater is more beautiful , the yellow one or the pink one ?
4. 表示“幾倍于、、、、、、”時(shí)， 用“A + 動(dòng)詞 + 倍數(shù)+比較級(jí) + than + B ”
I am three years older than you .
5．表示“兩者之間較、、、、、、的一個(gè)”，常用 “the +比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu) 。
Mary is the taller of the twins .
6. 表示“越來(lái)越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用比較級(jí)重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即“比較級(jí) +and + 比較級(jí) ”，多音節(jié)
詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用“more and more +形容詞原形 ”
It’s getting warmer and warmer in spring .
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful .
7. 表示“越、、、、、、就越、、、、、、”時(shí)，用“the +比較級(jí) , the +比較級(jí) ”
The harder he works , the richer he is .
The more we get together , the happier we’ll be .
(六)、形容詞最高級(jí)的用法：
1．三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用形容詞最高級(jí)。形容詞最高級(jí)前必須加定冠詞
the , 句末常跟一個(gè)in \ of 短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示范圍。
He is the strongest of the three boys .
2. 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物，哪一個(gè)最、、、、、、？”用句型：
Which \ who is + the + 最高級(jí) , A , B , or C ?
Which city is the most beautiful , Beijing , Shanghai or Fuzhou ?
3. 表示“最、、、、、、的、、、、、、之一” 時(shí)，用句型：
主語(yǔ) + is + one of the +形容詞最高級(jí) +名詞復(fù)數(shù) 。
Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers .
4. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾大 / 長(zhǎng) / 高 等”
5. 形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，此時(shí)不用the 。
This is our last lesson . Yesterday was his busiest day .
6. 形容詞比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級(jí)含義。
Li Lei is the tallest student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class .
==No one is as tall as Li Lei in his class .
==No one is taller than Li Lei in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than any of the other students in his class .
== Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class .
（七）、--ing 形容詞與--ed 形容詞：
--ing 形容詞表示“令人、、、、、、的”， 表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對(duì)人的影響，一般修飾或說(shuō)明事物。如：surprising（令人驚訝的） , exciting （令人興奮的）, interesting（有趣的） 等。--ed 形容詞表示“感到、、、、、、的”，表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對(duì)事物的感受，主語(yǔ)一般是人：sb. + be +--ed 形容詞 + 介詞短語(yǔ) 。 如：surprised(感到驚訝的) , excited（感到興奮的） ,
Interested（感到有趣的） 等。
We are all excited about the exciting news .
（八）在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，必須把主體排除在被比較的范圍之外。
二、副詞：用來(lái)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念，主要修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞
或整個(gè)句子。
（ 一）．副詞的分類(lèi)：
1．時(shí)間副詞：now , then , today , tomorrow , yesterday , before , ago , soon ,
Immediately , lately , early ,sometimes , often , always , usually , already ,
Yet , ever , never , seldom 。時(shí)間副詞是確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志，需牢記。
2．地點(diǎn)副詞：outside , inside , upstairs , here , there , home , near , away ,
In , back , off , up , anywhere 。
3．方式副詞：quickly , happily , loudly , suddenly , luckily , badly , easily ,
fast , again 。方式副詞大多由“形容詞 +y ”構(gòu)成。
4．程度副詞：very , quite , rather , too , much , so .
5． 疑問(wèn)副詞：when , where , why , how long , how soon , how often ,
How far . 疑問(wèn)副詞常用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。
6．關(guān)系副詞：when , where , why , how 等。關(guān)系副詞常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句。
（一）副詞的用法：
1．作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其它副詞或整個(gè)句子。
Please listen to me carefully . The boy is too young .
Luckily , he was not badly hurt .
2. 作表語(yǔ)，表示方位上的變化： My father will be back in a week .
3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 Let him in , please .
(三) 副詞的位置：
1．一般副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后，如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后帶有賓語(yǔ)，則放在賓語(yǔ)后。
We all study hard . He is drawing a horse carefully .
2. 頻度副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前。
He is always late for school .
I often go to see my grandparents on Sunday .
3. 某些副詞為了強(qiáng)調(diào)上下句的銜接，放在句子之前。
Suddenly he had a good idea .
4. enough 修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要放在形容詞或副詞的后面。
The boy is old enough to go to school .
He got up early enough to catch the train .
（四） 副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法：
1．副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法和形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成方法基本相同。
2．表示“A不如B”時(shí)，使用：A + 助動(dòng)詞+ not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + as \ so + 副詞原形+ as+ B .
還可使用：A + 動(dòng)詞+ less +副詞原形 + than + B
Bill didn’t do his homework as carefully as Jim .
==Bill did his homework less carefully than Jim .
3. 副詞最高級(jí)前一般不加定冠詞the 。
Lin Tao did best in English of all .
（五）易混詞辨析：
1. hard , hardly
hard意為“努力地，辛苦地，劇烈地，猛烈地”，是程度副詞。
hardly意為“幾乎不”，是否定副詞。
As students , we should study hard .
I can hardly catch up with you , can you walk slowly ?
2. too , also , either
too一般用于肯定句，常放在句尾；also常放在be動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞
之前；either用于否定句，常放在句尾。
You are a student . I am a student , too.
They are also students . I don’t like the film , either .
5. too , enough , so
too 表示 “太，很”, too …to … 表示“太、、、、、、而不能、、、、、、”
enough表示“足夠”， “形容詞 / 副詞+ enough to…”表示“足夠、、、、、、能、、、、、、”。
so表示“如此”， “so … that …”表示“ 如此、、、、、、以致、、、、、、”
The man is too old to look after himself .
The boy runs fast enough to win the game .
The camera is so expensive that I can’t afford it .
6. already , yet
already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句末尾。
I have already finished my homework .
== I have finished my homework already.
Have you finished your homework yet ?
I haven’t had lunch yet .
Unit5 . What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
一.重要短語(yǔ)和句型
1. arrive at 到達(dá)(小地方) arrive in到達(dá)(大地方)
reach 到達(dá) get to 到達(dá)
I arrived in
== I got to
如果賓語(yǔ)是副詞here, there, home, 要把at \ in \ to省略:
arrive here \ there \ home
get here \ there \ home
2. in front of… 在 …… 的前面 (某一范圍外的前面)
in the front of … 在 …… 的前面(某一范圍內(nèi)的前面)
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building .
I like sitting in the front of the taxi .
3. take off (1)起飛 When did the plane take off yesterday ?
(2) 脫下(衣帽等) He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room .
(3) 取消 They will take off the 5 am train .
4. get out (of ) … 從……離開(kāi)\出去\下來(lái)
He tried to get out of bed , but couldn’t .
A car stopped and a girl got out of it .
但從汽車(chē)\火車(chē)\船\飛機(jī)\馬匹上下來(lái), 用get off … .
5．follow (1) 跟隨 I followed him up the hill . 我跟著他上了山.
(2) 沿著……前進(jìn) Follow this road until you get to the post office .
順著這條路一直到郵局.
(3) 聽(tīng)懂,理解 Could you speak more slowly ? I can’t follow you .
(4 )follow sb. to do sth. 跟著某人做某事
Please follow me to read the story .
6. amazing 形容詞,修飾名詞 令人驚奇的, 令人驚訝的 what an amazing book !
amaze 動(dòng)詞 使某人驚訝 Your letter amazed me .
be amazed at … 對(duì)…… 感到驚訝 Everyone was amazed at the bad news .
7. shout at 大聲喊叫 多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊
Don’t shout at the little boy . He is too young .
shout to 大聲喊叫 多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊
We should shout to him , or he can’t hear us .
8. happen 發(fā)生 具體事件偶然的沒(méi)有預(yù)見(jiàn)的發(fā)生
(1 ) happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday .
(2 ) sth happens to sb. 某人發(fā)生了某事
An car accident happened to him last month .上個(gè)月他發(fā)生了交通事故.
take place發(fā)生 (1) 按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生
Great changes have taken place in China in recent years .
最近幾年中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化.
(2 ) (運(yùn)動(dòng)\ 活動(dòng)\會(huì)議等) 舉行
The meeting will take place next Friday .
take the place of 代替, 取代
Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal .
塑料有時(shí)能代替木材和金屬.
take one’s place 坐某人的位置, 代替某人的職務(wù).
Come to take my place . my seat is near the window .
9. anywhere 任何地方 常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中.
Did you go anywhere last night ? You can’t get it anywhere .
somewhere 某個(gè)地方 用于肯定句
come and see me . Then we’ll go out somewhere .
everywhere 處處, 到處 === here and there
I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere\ here and there .
10. silence 名詞, 寂靜 \ 無(wú)聲
There’s nothing but silence in the room . 屋內(nèi)寂靜無(wú)聲 .
Keep in silence . 保持沉默.
silent 形容詞, 沉默的, 寂靜的
The old house was quite silent . 這所老房子寂靜無(wú)聲.
The cat moved on silent feet . 那只貓無(wú)聲地走動(dòng)著.
11． hear 聽(tīng)到 Can you hear someone knocking at the door ?
(1) hear of 聽(tīng)說(shuō) , 后接表示人或物的詞
I have never heard of him before . 我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他.
( 2 ) hear about 聽(tīng)說(shuō), 后接表示事件的名詞
I’ve just heard about his illness .我剛剛聽(tīng)說(shuō)他生病的事.
Have you heard about the accident ? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)了那場(chǎng)事故嗎?
(3 ) hear from 收到某人的來(lái)信
I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday .
我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來(lái)信.
12. 主語(yǔ) + be + one of the + 形容詞最高級(jí) + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + in \ of 短語(yǔ) .
…… 是……中最……的……之一.
This was one of the most important events in modern American history .
這是美國(guó)歷史上最重要的事件之一.
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in china .
13. experience (1)名詞 經(jīng)驗(yàn), 不可數(shù)名詞 ; 經(jīng)歷, 體驗(yàn), 可數(shù)名詞
Have you had any experience of fishing ? 你有釣魚(yú)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎?
Could you tell us about your experiences in
你能給我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷嗎?
(2) 動(dòng)詞 經(jīng)歷, 感覺(jué)
The children experienced many difficulties this time .
這次孩子們經(jīng)歷了許多 困難.
experienced 形容詞 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
be experienced in \at doing sth. == have much experience in \ at doing sth.
做某事很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).
She is an experienced teacher .他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師.
He is very experienced in \at repairing cars . 他修車(chē)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).
14. as … as … 和…… 一樣… . 兩個(gè)as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形.
He works as carefully as she . 他和她一樣工作認(rèn)真.
She is as tall as her mother . 她和母親一樣高.
not as … as…. 不如某人…
he isn’t as \ so old as he looks . 他不像看起來(lái)那么老.
She doesn’t run as \ so fast as her brother .她不如她哥哥跑得那么快.
15. have fun == have a good\ great\ wonderful time ==enjoy oneself玩得開(kāi)心,過(guò)得愉快
Did you have fun at the party ?
== Did you have a good\ great \ wonderful time ?
== Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth.開(kāi)心做某事 I’m just having fun playing the guitar .
16． accident 事故, 意外遭遇 He was killed in an accident .他死于一起意外事故.
traffic accident 交通事故 Many people die in traffic accidents every year .
by accident 偶然, 意外地 We met at the airport by accident .
17． scared 恐懼的, 害怕的
afraid恐懼的, 害怕的 I’m very scared \ afraid . 我很害怕.
be scared \ afraid of sth 害怕某物 Are you scared \ afraid of snakes ?
be scared \ afraid to do sth害怕做某事
He is scared \ afraid to go out at night .
be scared \ afraid of doing sth害怕做某事
He is scared \ afraid of going out at night .
18. think about 考慮 (某個(gè)計(jì)劃 ) They are thinking about moving to Beijing .
think of 認(rèn)為 What do you think of the movie ?
=== how do you like the movie ?
你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣?
think over 仔細(xì)思考 We need a few days to think over this matter .
二. 感嘆句.
1. what 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
(1) What a beautiful girl (she is ) ! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
(2) What a clever boy ( he is ) ! 多么聰明的男孩呀 !
(3) What interesting pictures ( they are ) ! 多么美的圖片呀 !
(4) What tall buildings ( they are ) ! 多么高的樓呀 !
(5) What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
(6) What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么壞的天氣呀 !
規(guī)律: what + ( a\ an ) + 形容詞 + 名詞 ( + 主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)) + !
名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí), 形容詞前面不能有a\ an .
2. how 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句
(7) How heavy the box is ! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs ! 他跑得多快呀!
(8) How careful the girl is ! 多么細(xì)心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano ! 她的鋼琴?gòu)椀枚嗪醚?/span>!
如果說(shuō)明的是人或物, 兩種感嘆句可替換. ( 以上(1) 到(8) 句 )
三.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):
1．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：
（1）過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
What were you doing at 8:30 this morning ?
When I called him , he was having dinner .
(2) 過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday ?
I was reading the whole morning yesterday .
(3) when \ while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的使用：
----- when \ while 當(dāng)……的時(shí)候
While引導(dǎo)的從句中, 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)或表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
when引導(dǎo)的從句中, 動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式
Mary was having dinner when I saw her .
While we were swimming , someone stole our clothes .
The weather was fine while we were in
While were talking , the teacher came into the classroom .
--------while 然而, 可是
He likes reading while I like dancing . 他喜歡看書(shū)而我喜歡跳舞.
Tom is very confident while Mary is shy and quiet .
Tom很自信可是Mary既靦腆又文靜.
2．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：
（1）肯定句：主語(yǔ) + was \ were +動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
（2）否定句：主語(yǔ) + was \ were + not + 動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
(3) 疑問(wèn)句：was \ were + 主語(yǔ) + 動(dòng)詞ing形式 + 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) ？
肯定回答：Yes , 主語(yǔ) + was \ were . 否定回答：No, 主語(yǔ) + was \ were + not .
3. 根據(jù)例子， 和詞組提示，構(gòu)成類(lèi)似對(duì)話(huà)。
What were you doing last night ? I was working in the office .
Were you working in the office last night ?
Yes, I was . No , I wasn’t .
(1) Mr Zhang , make a model plane
(2) Wei Hua , play the piano , at 8:00 this morning
(3) the twins , play computer games , last night
(4) the smiths, watch TV , at noon yesterday
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