動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。
1.常跟不定式作賓語的動詞有want(想、要)，love(喜歡)，begin(開始)，need(需)，learn(學(xué)會)，agree(同意)，decide(決定)，hope(希望)，start(開始)，refuse(拒絕)等。
I’m learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上學(xué)滑冰。
[特別提醒]
(1)不定式短語作賓語時(shí)，如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，通常用it作形式賓語，而被不定式短語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后。
He found it very difficult to get to sleep. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)難以入睡。
(2)begin(開始)，start(開始)，like(喜歡)，hate(憎恨)，love(喜愛)可以接動詞不定式或-ing形式作賓語，意思一般沒有區(qū)別。但like后接-ing形式指經(jīng)常性的動作; 接不定式，指一時(shí)間、一次性的動作。
I like having a twin sister. 我喜歡有個孿生姐妹。
I like to have a twin sister. 我現(xiàn)在想有個孿生姐妹。
(3)stop(停止)，forget(忘記)，remember(記得)，try(試)，go on(繼續(xù))等動詞接不定式和-ing形式意義有區(qū)別。試比較：
stop to do sth.停下來去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止(正在)做某事
forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還未做)
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(已經(jīng)做)
remember to do sth.記住去做某事(還未做)
remember doing sth.記住曾做過某事
try to do sth.試圖要做某事
try doing sth.試著做某事
go on to do sth.接著做另一件事(已做完一件)
go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做(原來未做完的)某件事
She stopped crying and listened to the music. = She stopped to listen to the music. 她停止哭鬧，聽音樂了。
Don’t forget to tell him about it. = Remember to tell him about it. 別忘了(記住)告訴他這件事。
I’ll try not to be late again. 我將爭取不再遲到。
She didn’t pull the door and tried pushing it. 她沒有拉開門，便試著推一下。
2.動詞不定式常用作目的狀語。
He came to give us a talk yesterday. 他昨天來給我們作了個報(bào)告。
Mrs Brown went to see her doctor. 布朗夫人去看她的醫(yī)生。
in order to 作“為了”解，用作目的狀語。
In order to pass the exam, he worked very hard. 為了通過這次考試，他學(xué)習(xí)非常刻苦。
不定式短語可以在一些作表語的形容詞后作狀語，表示原因或結(jié)果。
I’m sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉打擾你了。(原因)
Some of the apples are hard to reach. 有些蘋果難以夠著。(結(jié)果)
3.動詞tell (叫，讓)，ask (請求)， want(希望)，order(命令)，get(使)，wish(希望)，warn(警告)，teach(教)，invite(邀請)等動詞后常跟不定式作賓語的補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成tell/ask. sb. to do sth. “叫/請……某人做某事”句型。
Could you ask him to call me, please? 請你讓他給我打個電話，好嗎？
[特別提醒] 使役動詞let(讓)，make(使)，have(使)等; 感官動詞see(看見)，hear(聽見)，feel(感到)，watch(觀看)，notice(注意到)，look at(看)，listen to(聽)等跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
What makes you think I’m a farmer? 你憑什么說我是農(nóng)民？
A woman saw it happen when she was walking past. 一位婦女路過時(shí)看到(它掉下)的。
We often heard her sing in the next room. 我們時(shí)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。
help后面的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，可以帶to也可以不帶to。
She helped her parents clean the house. 她幫助父母打掃房屋。
We can also use satellites to help us make telephone calls to foreign countries.
我們也能用衛(wèi)星幫助我們和外國通電話
[特別提醒] 在被動語態(tài)句子中，不定式前必須加to。
He was made to do it.他被迫做這件事。
She was often heard to sing in the next room. 經(jīng)常聽到她在隔壁唱歌。
4.不定式短語作定語須放在被修飾的詞語之后。
I have a lot of work to do. 我有許多事情要做。
The doctor said he could do nothing to help him. 醫(yī)生說他無能為力。
5.不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，真正的主語不定式短語放在后面。
It is right to give up smoking. 戒煙是有益的。
6.作表語
To him, the first important thing was to save lives. 對他來說，最重要的事情就是搶救生命。
His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是當(dāng)一名科學(xué)家。
7. 動詞不定式用在疑問詞how, when, where, what, which等之后，作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。
He taught us how to use a computer. 他教我們?nèi)绾问褂糜?jì)算機(jī)。
I don’t know where to go? 我不知道去哪里？
Could you tell me which to choose? 請告訴我選擇哪一個？
why或why not后常跟不帶to的不定式表示一種建議。
Why not have a cup of tea? 喝一杯茶，好嗎？
8. 常用不定式的句型
(1)It’s time to do sth. = It’s time for sth. “是做……的時(shí)候了”
It’s time to have supper. = It’s time for supper. 該吃晚飯了。
(2)There’s no (time ) to do sth. “沒有(時(shí)間)做某事”
There was no time to open it. 沒有時(shí)間去打開它。
(3)It takes sb. some time ( money ) to do sth. “某人花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間(金錢)做某事”
It took me half an hour to do the problem. 我花了半小時(shí)做這個題目。
(4)be +形容詞+enough + to do sth. “足夠……做某事”
The girl is old enough to go to school. 那小姑娘已夠上學(xué)年齡。
(5)be + too +形容詞 + to do sth. “太……不能做某事”
The boy was too frightened to move. 那孩子太害怕，不敢動一動。
(6)be ready + to do sth. “樂意做某事”
Lei Feng is always ready to help others. 雷鋒總是樂于助人。
(7)It’s + 形容詞+for sb. + to do sth.
It’s important for the twins to help each other. 孿生子互相幫助是很重要的。
(8)be afraid to do sth. “不敢做某事”
He is afraid to tell his father about it. 他不敢告訴他父親。
(9)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“寧愿……也不愿……”
I prefer to stay at home rather than go out. 我寧愿呆在家里也不愿出去。
(10)would like to do sth. 與would love to do sth.常用于口語中，表示 “喜歡……”
I’d like to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
I would love to go. 我想去。
(11) had better +不帶to的不定式表示“最好……”
You’d better put on your coat. It’s very cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣。外面很冷。
You’d better not go.你最好不要去。
(12)Will you please+不帶to的不定式，表示請求。
Will you please ask her to come to the teacher’s office? 請你叫她到老師辦公室去一下好嗎？
[特別提醒] enjoy(喜歡)，finish(完成)，keep (on ) (堅(jiān)持/一直……)，be busy(忙于……)，can’t help(情不自禁)等常跟-ing形式作賓語。
He enjoyed living there. 他喜歡住在那里。
Can you finish drawing a good horse in five minutes? 你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫出一匹好看的馬嗎？
I kept on thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我一直在考慮下午的比賽。
Keep passing the ball to each other, and you’ll be OK! 堅(jiān)持互相傳球，你們就會贏！
By the time the bell rang, every member of the class was busy reading. 鈴響以前，班上每個同學(xué)都忙著念書。
直擊中考
1. My mother often asks me ______ early. (2003北京)
A. get up B. got upC. getting upD. to get up
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是D。此題考查動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。ask sb. to do sth.意為“請某人做某事”。常帶動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有ask, tell, want, get, order, warn, wish, teach, invite等。
2. I’m sorry, I really don’t know ______ the clock. (2003天津)
A. to mendB. how should I mendC. what to mendD. how to mend
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是D。此題考查“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語的用法。動詞不定式用在疑問詞how, when, where, what, which等之后作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語。注意，why或why not后跟不帶to的不定式表示一種建議。
3. “Don’t always make Michael ______ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear, ” Mr. Bush said to his wife. (2003上海)
A. do B. to doC. doesD. did
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是A。此題考查使役動詞make后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。這種動詞有make, let, have; 還有感官動詞see, hear, feel ,watch, notice等。
4. “Mr. Zhu, you’d better ______ too much meat. You are already over weight. ” said the doctor. (2003上海)
A. not to eatB. to eatC. not eatD. eat
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是C。此題考查had better (not)do sth.句型的用法。had better do表示“建議”，后跟不帶to的動詞不定式。這種用法的句型還有would rather do...; Why not do...?; Will you please do...?等。had better do的否定式是had better not do。
5. Tracy can’t play the match now. Please ______ instead. (2003杭州)
A. have Lily do itB. have Lily to do it
C. make Lily to do itD. let Lily to do it
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是A。have sb. do sth.意為“使某人做某事”。have后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
6. —Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party? (2003安徽)
—______.
A. Yes, I wouldB. Yes, I’d love toC. No, I wouldn’tD. No, I don’t go
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是B。此題考查含不定式的簡略答語。在需用不定式簡略式作答語時(shí)，不能省略不定式符號to。常用的這類結(jié)構(gòu)有I’m glad to; I’d love to; I’d like to等。
7. I hear someone ________ at the door. Please go and see who ________ is. (2003黑龍江)
A. knock; itB. knocking; itC. knocking; heD. knock; he
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是B。此題考查動詞hear等后跟v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at, listen to等后面常跟v-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。構(gòu)成see/hear...sb. doing sth.句型。另外，it指上文提到的人或說話者心目中的人。
8. If you don’t feel well, you may just ______.(2003河北)
A. stopped reading B. stop readingC. stopped to readD. stop to read
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是 B。stop doing sth.意思是“停止做某事”；stop to do sth意思是“停下來正在做的事去做另一件事”，不定式實(shí)際上作目的狀語。
9. Lily finished ______ the book yesterday. (2003北京)
A. readB. readingC. to readD. reads
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是B。 此題考查動詞后跟-ing形式作賓語的用法。動詞enjoy, finish, keep(on), prefer...to..., feel like，can’t help 及短語be busy等后面只能跟動詞的-ing形式作賓語。
10. —How about going hiking this weekend?
—Sorry. I prefer______ rather than______. (2003湖北黃岡)
A. to stay at home, go out B. to go out, stay at home
C. staying at home, go out D. going out, stay at home
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是A?？疾閜refer to do sth. rather than do sth.句型表示“喜歡做……而不喜歡做……”；“寧愿做……也不做”的用法。根據(jù)對話情景，應(yīng)該選A, B與題意不符。
11.Yesterday afternoon Mrs Green told the boys ______ football in the classroom. (2003廣州)
A. didn’t playB. to not playC. not playD. not to play
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是D。tell sb. not to do sth.是tell sb. to do sth.的否定式，意思是“叫某人不要做某事”，固定搭配。適用這種用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞還有want, ask, get, order, like等。
12. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from ______ the earth away. (2003甘肅)
A. blow B. blowing C. blew D, to blew
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是B。stop ... from doing sth.(阻止……做……)，是慣用短語。類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有keep sb. doing sth.; be worth doing; be busy doing sth.等。
13. I’ll be sorry______ Kunming. I’ve enjoyed living here. (2003昆明)
A. to leave B. to live in C. to stay in D. to visit
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是A。 考查“be +形容詞+不定式” 句型。不定式用來說明形容詞所表示的情緒產(chǎn)生的原因。根據(jù)后一句I’ve enjoyed living here.(我已經(jīng)喜歡住在這里)可知,“離開這里我將很難過”。
14. The artist said that he hoped ______ drawing the picture soon. (2003呼和浩特)
A. his son to finish B. to finish C. finishing D. his son will finish
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是B。 hope后跟不定式作賓語。此題易誤選A。注意，hope后不能跟不定式做賓語補(bǔ)足語，即不能說hope sb. to do sth. , 所以A錯。
15. It’s very kind of you ______ and see us. (2003廣西)
A. come B. came C. to come D. coming
[點(diǎn)撥] 答案是C。 It is + adj.+ of sb. + to do sth.是一種常用句型。其中的形容詞說明的是某人的情況。注意，It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.句型中的形容詞說明的是不定式所表明的情況。
專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練
1. The teacher told her students ______ in public.
A. not to shout B. didn’t shout C. not shout D. to not shout
2. I have finished ______ this book. You can take it away.
A. to readB. readC. readingD. reads
3. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ______ .
A. don’t go nowB. stay here when it stops
C. not leave until it stopsD. not to leave at once
4. Let him ______ a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk.
A. have B. getsC. to takeD. has
5. There is no difference between the two words. I really don’t know ______.
A. what to chooseB. which to chooseC. to choose whichD. to choose what
6. —Could you give me a hand, please?
—Sure. What would you like me ______?
A. doB. to doC. doingD. does
7. Can you show me ______ an e-mail?
A. sendB. how to sendC. what to sendD. to send
8. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to ______ her.
A. believeB. controlC. noticeD. visit
9. Mother makes me ______ my homework every day before I can play video games.
A. finishB. finishedC. finishingD. to finish
10.—______ have dinner with me and my wife sometime next week?
—Yes, I’d like to. Thank you.
A. Would you likeB. Do you likeC. Would youD. Do you
11. She asked them ______ things about.
A. not to litterB. don’t litter C. not litter D. no litter
12. — Would you like to have a try?
—Yes, very much. It ______ to be exciting.
A. seem B. is looking C. seems D. will look
13. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer less for this one.
A. to paying B. to payC. not to pay D. rather than pay
14. —I saw Betty go to Grandpa Zhang’s home just now.
—Yes, she is often seen ______ the old man with his housework.
A. help B. to help C. helps D. helped
15. Listen! Can you hear a baby ______?
A. cryB. to cryC. crying D. cries
16. On Sunday I often stay at home and do some ______.
A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read
17. —Hello! Would you like to go to the concert with me tonight?
—I’m sorry I can’t . Mother won’t ______me to go out in the evening.
A. let B. allow C. offer D. ask
18. —What are on show in the museum?
—Some photos ______ by African children.
A. are taken B. were taken C. taken D. have been taken
19. Our teacher did what she could ______ us with English.
A. helpB. helpedC. helpingD. to help
20. Excuse me. Would you please tell me ______ buy a digital camera?
A. what toB. where toC. what I can D. where can I
21. —What are you busy ______ these days?
—Nothing much.
A. do B. doing C. to do D. done
22. Mary prefers ______.
A. sing and dance B. singing to dancing
C. to sing to dance D. to sing than dancing
23. —Do you want to eat something?
—______, thanks. I am feeling sick now. I don’t feel like ______.
A. Yes; eating something B. No; to eat anything
C. Yes; to eat anything D. No; eating anything
24. Sorry. I can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ______ your e-mail address? I’ll write it down.
A. reviewB. reciteC. reportD. repeat
25. No matter how hard it is, we’ll keep ______ until we make it.
A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying
26. The boy was too busy his father last term.
A. to hear from B. to write to C. hearing from D. write to
27. —It’s too hot. Would you mind ______ the door?
—______. Please do it now.
A. to open, OKB. opening, Certainly not
C. opening, Of courseD. to open, Good idea
28. The young lady watched her daughter ______ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon.
A. to play withB. playing withC. to playD. plays
29. Do you enjoy ______ football? I hear there will be a football match tomorrow.
A. playing B. play C. played D. to play
30. —There is a ticket on the floor, is it yours?
—Oh, yes, it’s mine.
—Let me ______ for you.
A. to pick up it B. to pick it up C. pick up it D. pick it up
答案與分析
1. A. tell sb. not to do sth.意為“叫某人不要干某事”，固定搭配。
2. C. finish doing sth.意為“完成做某事”，是固定搭配。enjoy, finish, keep, feel like等后跟-ing形式作賓語。
3. C. not...until...意為“直到……再/才”；had better的否定式是had better not do。
4. A. let sb. do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”。have a rest(休息)是固定詞組。
5. B. which指在某一定范圍內(nèi)選擇；what則沒有選擇范圍。
6. B. would like to do sth.意為“想要做某事”，是固定句型。
7. B. how to send an e-mail意為“怎樣發(fā)電子郵件”。“疑問詞+不定式”作賓語補(bǔ)足語。what to send(發(fā)送什么)，與題意不符。
8. B. 由句意判斷。“戴奇形怪狀的帽子是想讓人們注意她”。
9. A. make后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
10. C. 用排除法。由would you like to do...; do you like to do... 可知A、B兩項(xiàng)缺少小品詞to。D項(xiàng)Do you不用I’d like to回答。
11. A. ask sb. not to do sth.意思是“請某人不要做某事”。“她請他們不要亂丟東西”。
12. C. seem to be作“似乎……；好像……”。look后不能跟不定式。
13. D. prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“寧愿……而不……”是一固定句型。注意，rather than后跟不帶to的不定式。
14. B. see, hear等后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在被動語態(tài)中，see, hear等要跟帶to的不定式作主語的補(bǔ)足語。
15. C. hear, see等動詞后可跟不帶to的不定式或-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。跟不定式表示動作發(fā)生的全過程；跟-ing形式表示動作正在發(fā)生。由Listen!可知“嬰兒正在哭”。
16. C. do some reading(閱讀)是固定搭配。又如do some cleaning, do some shopping, do some washing等。
17. B. allow sb. to do sth.作“允許某人做某事”解，allow后跟不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。ask也有這種用法，但在這里不符合語境。
18. C. 過去分詞作后置定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句which are taken by African boys。此題易誤選A、B或D。三項(xiàng)均為被動語態(tài)。
19. D. 不定式作目的狀語。此題易受情態(tài)動詞could的影響而誤選A。題意是“我們的老師盡力(做她能夠做到的)幫助我們學(xué)英語”。
20. B. “疑問詞+不定式”作賓語補(bǔ)足語。題意是“請告訴我哪里能夠買到數(shù)碼相機(jī)好嗎？”
21. B. be busy doing sth.= be busy with sth.意為“忙于做某事”。
22. B. prefer sth. / doing sth ...to sth. / doing sth.(喜歡……而不喜歡……；更喜歡)，表示兩者中的比較。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.也是常用句型之一。
23. D. feel like后跟動詞-ing形式作賓語，表示“想要做某事”。由I am feeling sick now.(我現(xiàn)在感覺不舒服)可知，“現(xiàn)在我不想吃東西”。
24. D. repeat(重復(fù)；再說)；review(回顧；復(fù)習(xí))；recite(背誦)；report(匯報(bào))。由I can’t hear you clearly(我聽不清楚你的話)可知是要請你“再說一遍”。
25. D. keep doing sth.(一直做某事)。題意是“不管有多大困難，我一直堅(jiān)持試驗(yàn)到成功”。failing符合語法，但不符合句意。
26. B. “too + adj. + to do sth.”表示“太……不能……”。題意是“上個學(xué)期那孩子太忙，沒能給她父親寫信”。此題易受be busy doing sth.的影響而誤選C。
27. B. Would/will mind doing ...?意為“請你……好嗎(介意嗎)？” 表示“不介意”一般說Of course not.或Certainly not.如果“介意”，則說Yes, I do.
28. B. watch等動詞后跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生。
29. A. enjoy后跟動詞的-ing形式作賓語。
30. D. “動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，如賓語是代詞，則放在動詞和副詞之間；如賓語是名詞，則放在兩者之間或副詞之后均可。
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