動詞時態(tài)是中考英語的考查熱點之一。本文以近幾年全國部分省市的中考試題為例,對??疾榈膭釉~時態(tài)作一歸納,希望能對同學們的學習有所幫助。
[考點一] 一般現(xiàn)在時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性的動作,表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或特征,還表示普遍真理或客觀事實。(2) 與之連用的時間狀語有always,often,usually,sometimes,every day,once a week等。(3) 適用的動詞種類有:系動詞;行為動詞。(4) 注意:如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,其謂語動詞末尾要加-s或-es;在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中,可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。例如:
1. Every year many foreigners________to China to learn Chinese.
A. have come B. comes
C. came D. come
[答案與簡析] 答案為D。every year通常與一般現(xiàn)在時連用。主語many foreigners含復數(shù)意義,故謂語動詞為復數(shù)形式。
2. Your teacher will be unhappy if you________to school late.
A. come B. will come
C. are coming D. came
[答案與簡析] 答案為A。主句中will be表示將來時間,在if引導的條件狀語從句中,謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。
3. —Is your father a doctor?
—Yes,he is. He________in Town Hospital.
A. has worked B. had worked
C. works D. worked
[答案與簡析] 答案為C。由答語“Yes,he is.” 我們可知,接下來的句子中應該用一般現(xiàn)在時。
4. A large number of students in this school________from the country. They work very hard.
A. come B. comes C. came D. coming
[答案與簡析] 答案為A。后一句“They work very hard”說明動作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在時間,那么前一句也應指現(xiàn)在時間。主語a large number of students意為“許多學生”,含復數(shù)意義,故謂語動詞應為come。
5. Tom is strong and he________to school every day.
A. walked B. walks
C. will walk D. has walked
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。前一分句中的謂語動詞是is,后一分句的時間狀語是every day,由此我們可以判斷,此句中的謂語動詞應為一般現(xiàn)在時,空白處填walks。
[考點二] 一般過去時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),還表示過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性的動作或行為。(2) 與之連用的時間狀語有yesterday,last week,... ago,just now,in 1998等。(3) 適用的動詞形式:系動詞和行為動詞的過去式。注意:動詞過去式的不規(guī)則變化。例如:
1. —How was your weekend?
—Great! We________a picnic by the lake.
A. have B. are having
C. had D. will have
[答案與簡析] 答案為C。根據(jù)常識,若別人問你“周末過得怎么樣?”,那一定是在問你已經(jīng)過去的那個周末。再看問句中的was,說明答句中要用一般過去時。
2. —Excuse me. You can’t take photos here. Look at the sign! It says “NO PHOTOS”.
—Sorry,I________it.
A. don’t see B. didn’t see
C. won’t see D. haven’t seen
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。本句中雖沒有明顯的時間狀語,但從句意理解,顯然答話人沒看到“禁止拍照”的標志是剛才發(fā)生的事,故空白處的行為動詞應為一般過去時的否定式。
3. —Where’s the cake I made this morning?
—We________it,mom. Can you make another one for us?
A. ate B. eat
C. will eat D. were eating
[答案與簡析] 答案為A。媽媽問:“我今天早上做的蛋糕在哪里?”孩子答道:“媽媽,我們把它吃了。你能給我們再做一個嗎?”可見,吃蛋糕的事是過去發(fā)生的,空白處應填ate。
[考點三] 一般將來時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及打算、計劃或準備做某事。(2) 與之連用的時間狀語有tomorrow,next week,in two hours,soon等。(3) 適用的動詞形式為“will/shall + 動詞原形”;“be going to + 動詞原形”。(4) 注意:come,go,arrive,leave,start等動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時形式可以表示將要發(fā)生的動作。例如:
1. —Jim,can you help me to wash the dishes?
—Sorry,Dad. I________to the shop.
A. go B. went
C. am going D. have been
[答案與簡析] 答案為C。爸爸問:“吉姆,你能幫我洗盤子嗎?”兒子答道:“對不起,爸爸,我要去商店?!庇纱丝芍?,“我要去商店”是將要發(fā)生的動作。
2. Frank________a film if he’s free next Saturday.
A. see B. saw
C. has seen D. will see
[答案與簡析] 答案為D。if從句中的時間狀語next Saturday是將來時間。依照邏輯推斷,主句中的謂語動詞應為一般將來時。
3. —Do you know when Dr White________for dinner this evening?
—No,but I think he________when he is free.
A. will come;comes B. will come;will come
C. comes;comes D. comes;will come
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。問句中when引導的是賓語從句,this evening指將來時間;答句中when引導的是時間狀語從句,其中的is free是一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間,據(jù)此,空白處應填will come。
[考點四] 現(xiàn)在進行時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時正在發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2) 與之連用的時間狀語有now,these days,at this moment等。(3) 適用的動詞形式為“助動詞be (am,is,are) + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。(4) 注意:現(xiàn)在進行時常與look或listen等提示詞連用,也可以通過上下文的情景來確定。例如:
1. —What’s your brother doing in his room now?
—He________a kite.
A. make B. is making
C. made D. will make
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。提問者說:“你弟弟正在房間里干什么?”回答者說:“他在做風箏。”根據(jù)此句意我們可以推斷,答句中應該用現(xiàn)在進行時。
2. —Shall we go shopping now?
—Sorry,I can’t. I________my shirts.
A. wash B. washes
C. washed D. am washing
[答案與簡析] 答案為D。問話者說:“我們?nèi)ベ徫锖脝?”回答者說:“對不起,我不能去。我正在洗襯衫。”根據(jù)句意我們可以推斷,空白處應填am washing。
[考點五] 過去進行時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示在過去某一時刻或某一階段內(nèi)正在進行的動作。(2) 與之連用的時間狀語有at that time,at this time yesterday,from 8 to 10 last night等及由when等引導的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語從句等。(3) 適用的動詞形式為“was/were + 動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞”。例如:
1. I________my homework while my parents________TV last night.
A. did;have watched B. was doing;were watching
C. had done;were watching D. would do;were watching
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。從句意看,while引導的時間狀語從句中的動作和主句中的動作是同時進行的,從時間狀語last night我們可以推斷,主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用過去進行時。
2. My sister________her book in the classroom when her teacher came in.
A. read B. reads
C. was reading D. is reading
[答案與簡析] 答案為C。從句意看,when從句中的動作是發(fā)生在主句動作進行的過程中。從句中用一般過去時,主句應該用過去進行時。
3. I was too excited to fall asleep that night as I________of seeing Yang Liwei,the first Chinese astronaut.
A. am thinking B. thought
C. was thinking D. think
[答案與簡析] 答案為C。主句用一般過去時,要表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在發(fā)生的事情,從句中就應該用過去進行時。
[考點六] 現(xiàn)在完成時
[點撥] (1) 概念及時間狀語:表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,此時常與already,before,just,yet等副詞連用;表示開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),此時常與“for + 段時間”或“since + 點時間或從句”連用。(2) 適用的動詞形式:“have/has + 動詞的過去分詞”。(3) 注意:短暫性動詞不能與“for + 段時間”或since引出的時間狀語連用,但有時也能根據(jù)意思上的需要將這些短暫性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成相應的延續(xù)性動詞。此時,也能與這些時間狀語連用。例如:
1. —Kitty,will you go to see the film Cold Mountain this evening?
—No,I won’t. I________it already.
A. saw B. have seen
C. see D. will see
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。根據(jù)答句句末的副詞already判斷,句子的謂語動詞應用現(xiàn)在完成時。
2. Gone with the Wind is a well-known novel. She________it twice.
A. read B. is reading
C. reads D. has read
[答案與簡析] 答案為D。該句意為“《飄》是一部非常著名的小說,她已經(jīng)看過兩遍了”。根據(jù)后面的twice可以判斷,句子的謂語動詞應用現(xiàn)在完成時。
3. —Haven’t I told you to do your homework as carefully as you can?
—Yes,but I________fewer mistakes than I usually do.
A. was making B. have made
C. will make D. had made
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。問話者說:“難道我沒有告訴你做作業(yè)時要盡可能地細心?”答話者說:“你說過,但我出的錯誤已經(jīng)比平時少多了?!贝司鋫?cè)重于目前的情況,故空白處應填have made。
4. —Has the match started?
—Started? Finished! Guo Yue________the match.
A. is winning B. wins
C. will win D. has won
[答案與簡析] 答案為D。問話者說:“比賽開始了嗎?”答話者說:“開始?已經(jīng)結(jié)束了!郭躍贏了?!闭f明比賽發(fā)生在過去,現(xiàn)在郭躍已贏過球了。故此處應用現(xiàn)在完成時。
5. The life we were used to________greatly since 1992.
A. change B. has changed
C. changing D. have changed
[答案與簡析] 答案為B。since引導的短語通常與動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時連用。The life為句子的主語,謂語動詞應為單數(shù)形式has changed。we were used to是定語從句,修飾The life。
[考點七] 過去將來時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示從過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。(2) 適用的動詞形式為“would + 動詞原形”或“was/were going to + 動詞原形”。(3) 與之連用的時間狀語有the next day,the following month等。例如:
—The train is leaving right now,but David hasn’t arrived yet.
—Well,he said he________here on time.
A. came B. will be
C. would come D. can be
[答案與簡析] 答案為C。答語是一個含有賓語從句的復合句,這是從主句he said表示過去的角度來描述他將要按時到這兒來。
[考點八] 過去完成時
[點撥] (1) 概念:表示過去某一時間以前發(fā)生的動作或行為,或表示過去某動作之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或行為,即指“過去的過去”。(2) 與之連用的時間狀語有by the end of last year (week,month...)等介詞短語或before,when等引導的表示一般過去時的時間狀語從句。(3) 適用的動詞形式為“had + 動詞過去分詞”。例如:
—Why didn’t you go to the movie yesterday?
—Because I________it before.
A. had watched B. have seen
C. have watched D. had seen
[答案與簡析] 答案為D?!翱措娪啊敝械目?,用see表示。see這一動作發(fā)生在went to the movie這一動作之前,故用過去完成時。
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