本帖最后由 泓海教育 于 2011-7-20 17:18 編輯
Smart kids tend on balance to do well in school. That may seem obvious, but there are a lot of exceptions to that rule. Some kids with high IQs don't ever become academic superstars, while less gifted kids often shine. Why would this be?
聰明的孩子通常在學(xué)校的各方面表現(xiàn)良好。那些看起來(lái)似乎是顯而易見(jiàn)的，但對(duì)于這個(gè)規(guī)律有許多例外。一些智商高的的孩子從來(lái)沒(méi)成為過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)尖子生，然而不那么有天賦的孩子卻經(jīng)常出色。為什么出現(xiàn)這種情況呢？
Psychologists have focused on things like self-esteem and confidence--how good kids think they are--to explain these outcomes. And the assumption has always been that such psychological traits are shaped mostly by parenting--by parents' beliefs and expectations and modeling. But surprisingly this idea had never been scientifically tested.
心理學(xué)家曾經(jīng)著重于研究自尊和自信，通過(guò)孩子覺(jué)得他們?cè)趺礃拥膯?wèn)題來(lái)解釋這些結(jié)果。而且這個(gè)假設(shè)總是：這種心理上的性狀大多是由家庭教育，由家長(zhǎng)的信仰,期望和樹立的榜樣的影響而形成的。但令人吃驚的是這個(gè)想法從未被科學(xué)的證實(shí)過(guò)。
Until now. Behavioral geneticist Corina Greven of King's College London and her colleagues decided to do the first rigorous analysis of the heritability of confidence--and its relationship to IQ and performance.
直到現(xiàn)在，倫敦大學(xué)國(guó)王學(xué)院的行為遺傳學(xué)家Corina Greven和她的的同事們決定做第一個(gè)嚴(yán)格的遺傳信心的分析，以及它和智商，成績(jī)的關(guān)系。
To do so, they studied more than 3700 pairs of twins, both identical and fraternal twins, from age seven to ten. Comparing genetically identical twins to non-identical siblings allows scientists to sort out the relative contributions of genes and environment, and when they did this they came up with surprising but unmistakable findings.
為了做這些，他們研究了超過(guò)3700對(duì)雙胞胎，清一色的兄弟雙胞胎，年齡在7到10歲之間。通過(guò)比較基因完全相同的雙胞胎與不相同的兄弟姐妹，科學(xué)家理清了基因的作用和環(huán)境的關(guān)系，當(dāng)他們做這些時(shí)，他們想出了令人吃驚但無(wú)誤的研究結(jié)果。
Contrary of accepted wisdom, the researchers found (and report in the June issue of Psychological Science) that kids' confidence is heavily influenced by heredity--at least as much as IQ is. Indeed, as-yet-unidentified confidence genes appear to influence school performance independent of IQ genes, with shared environment having only a negligible influence.
同公認(rèn)的智慧相反，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)（并且發(fā)表在六月的心理科學(xué)雜志上）孩子的信心至少和智商一樣嚴(yán)重的被遺傳所影響，實(shí)際上，還未被識(shí)別的自信基因看起來(lái)對(duì)成績(jī)的影響?yīng)毩⒂谥橇?，共同的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境只有微不足道的影響。
The fact that confidence is heritable does not mean it is unchanging, of course. Siblings share a lot of influences living in basically the same home and community, but there are always worldly influences pulling them apart. A genetic legacy of self-confidence merely opens up many possible futures.
信心是遺傳的這個(gè)事實(shí)并不意味著它是不可改變的，當(dāng)然，兄弟姐妹住在基本上同一個(gè)家同一個(gè)社區(qū)，受許多同樣的影響，但有些世俗的影響會(huì)把他們區(qū)分開。自信基因的傳承只是開辟了許多可能的未來(lái)。 |
