4. 同位語(yǔ)從句
同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：
The news that we won the game is exciting. 我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。
I have no idea when he will come back home.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。
The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。
同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：
that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。
試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:
I had no idea that you werehere．（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）
Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancientGreece？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）
三、高考熱點(diǎn)透視
1. ___ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internationallanguage. (NMET 1995)
A. There B. This C. That D. It
答案D。當(dāng)名詞從句在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)置于句首，而將真正的主語(yǔ)從句放在句尾。此時(shí)it只起先行引導(dǎo)作用，本身無(wú)實(shí)義。此句也可以改寫(xiě)為：ThatEnglish is being accepted as an international language is afact.
2．A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it todo．（NMET2001）
A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C．what D．when
答案C。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子的空白處應(yīng)該填引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞，做主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)該連接詞還是從句中的do的賓語(yǔ)，因此，此處的連接詞應(yīng)該用what。
3. He asked ____ for a violin．（MET1992）
A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid
答案：D。賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。
4. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from theserious disease soon．（上海2001年春季招生）
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案C。這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)doubt一詞可知，所懷疑的應(yīng)是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。這句話的意思是“醫(yī)生真的懷疑我媽媽是否能很快從重病中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)?！?br>5．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____he or shewants. (NMET1997)
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever
答案B。根據(jù)句意“一般認(rèn)為孩子要什么就給什么是不好的?！笨梢钥闯龊竺娴膹木鋺?yīng)是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中wants缺少賓語(yǔ)，A.however 和D.whenever是不能作賓語(yǔ)的；排除A和D，whichever表示“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)，無(wú)論哪些”，應(yīng)表示一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物，此處沒(méi)有涉及事物的范圍，所以應(yīng)選B．whatever，表示“無(wú)論什么”。
6. ______leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
答案C。本題句子的意思是：無(wú)論誰(shuí)最后離開(kāi)房間一定要把燈關(guān)掉。本題考查連接代詞whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，連接代詞whoever可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于anyperson who或The person who, 意為“一切……的人”。而anyone和theperson均非連詞，不能引導(dǎo)從句，況who leaves the roomlast意為“某個(gè)最后離開(kāi)房間的人”，與題意不符，如果要選A. Anyone或B.Theperson，都必須在它們后面再加上引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞who。如果要選D.Who就體現(xiàn)不出“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”的含義了。
7. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
答案為C。本題句子的意思是：Sarah希望跟自己有共同愛(ài)好的人交朋友。疑問(wèn)詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別是：前者既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；后者只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。首先排除A和D，從句中需要的是主語(yǔ)，所以whomever也不行。
8. ---- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
---- Is that ______ you had a few days off ? ( NMET1999)
A. why B. what C. when D. where
答案A。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，甲說(shuō)上周驅(qū)車(chē)去珠海觀看航模展覽。乙據(jù)此來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)甲這是否是請(qǐng)幾天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C,D均與該題語(yǔ)境不符。根據(jù)上句提供的語(yǔ)境，下句應(yīng)該問(wèn)“那就是你為什么離開(kāi)幾天的原因嗎？”
9. I still remember ______ this used to be a quiet village. (NMET1993)
A. when B. how C. where D. what
答案A。根據(jù)從句中缺少的句子成分是狀語(yǔ)，排除D．what，而答案C,D均與題意不符，所以應(yīng)選A．when。used tobe表示一種過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)，本句的意思是“我仍然記得這里在什么時(shí)候是個(gè)寧?kù)o的地方?！?br>10．I read about it in some book or other，does it matter ____ itwas？（2001春季招生）
A．where B．what C．how D．which
答案D。這是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句。主語(yǔ)從句中缺少表語(yǔ)。從上句的意思分析，應(yīng)是哪本書(shū)，所以要填which，這句話的意思是“我在某本書(shū)中讀到過(guò)有關(guān)這方面的內(nèi)容，是哪一本書(shū)重要嗎？”。
11. Information has been put forward ____ more middle schoolgraduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C when D. as (2001年上海)
答案B。該題考查that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，接在fact,news, promise, possibility, information, doubt,message名詞后，用來(lái)解釋或說(shuō)明名詞的內(nèi)容。
12. —I think it is going to be a big problem.
—Yes, it could be.
—I wonder ______ we can do about it. (北京 2002春季)
A、if B、how C、what D、that
答案C。本題考察名詞性從句的連接詞的用法。wonder后面應(yīng)跟賓語(yǔ)從句，而從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞do是及物動(dòng)詞，可見(jiàn)從句缺少一個(gè)代替賓語(yǔ)的成分，我們可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)的how，答案是C，句子的意思是“我們能就此做些什么”。
四、專(zhuān)項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)
1. ________that they found an unusual plant in the forest.
A. It is said B. They are said C. It said D. It says
2. _____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
3. It worried Mary a lot _____ she would pass the college entranceexamination.
A. whether B. if C. that D. how
4. Shanghai has taken on a new look. It isn’t like _____ it usedto be .
A .what B. how C. that D. which
5. ____ is no possibility ______ Bob will win the first prize inthe match.
A. There, that B. It, that C. There, whether D. It, whether
6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ____ he haddone the day before.
A .that B. how C .what D. where
7. The old man smiled when he saw how pretty _____ up to be duringthe past few years.
A. had his daughter grown B. would his daughter grow
C. his daughter would grow D. his daughter had grown
8. Have you seen Mary lately? My boss wants to know _______.
A. how she is getting along B. how is she getting along
C. what she is getting along D. what is she getting along
9. ____surprised me most was _____such a little girl of seven couldplay the violin so well.
A. That; what B. What; that C. That; that D. What; what
10. These wild flowers are so special I would do ______ I can tosave them.
A. whatever B. which C. that D. whichever
11. _____ helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. The person
12. Eat _____ you like and leave the others for _____ comes inlate.
A. any; who B. every; whoever C. whichever; whoever D. either;whoever
13. ____ she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewerstudents showed interest in her lessons.
A. What; why B. That; why C. What; because D. Why; that
14. It was ____ he said ___ disappointed me.
A. What; that B. That; that C. What; what D. That;what
15. It was ordered that all the soldiers _______to the front.
A. should send B. must be sent C. should be sent D. must go
16. The true value of life is not in ______, but _______.
A. which we get; what give we B. what we get; what we give
C. which do we get; what do we give D. how we get; that wegive
17. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _______.
A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be putoff
18. Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it．
A. where B. there C. here where D. where there
19. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ______ shares herinterests.
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
20. You can’t imagine ______ when they received these niceChristmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were how excited
Keys: 1---5 A A ABA 6---10 CDABA 11----15 CCAA C 16---20BAACB
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