現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法異同歷來是學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)和高考測試的重點(diǎn)。眾所周知，兩種分詞的區(qū)別很多，但它們之間的根本區(qū)別是：過去分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于被動(dòng)；而現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于主動(dòng)。這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下：
分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞 doing和過去分詞 done。
分詞動(dòng)詞具有動(dòng)詞的特征：
可以帶賓語和狀語構(gòu)成短語。如：waiting there（動(dòng)狀關(guān)系）。
本專題必須掌握：
① 動(dòng)詞分詞的基本形式――時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，比如一般式、完成式、被動(dòng)式等。
②它們在句中的功能――充當(dāng)什么成分，特別是在某些特定結(jié)構(gòu)中應(yīng)用哪一種動(dòng)詞分詞。
動(dòng)詞分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)
分詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)形式
(l)現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式與完成式，及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)，不及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。過去分詞只有一種形式。
主動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
現(xiàn)在分詞
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
過去分詞
done
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞主要表示①主動(dòng) ②動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞主要表示 ①被動(dòng) ②動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，但是不及
物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞只表示動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)，沒有被動(dòng)的意思。
The man standing there is our group leader.
正站在那邊的人是我們的組長．(主動(dòng)，進(jìn)行)
This is the house built by my father last year. (被動(dòng)，完成)
區(qū)別boiling water 正在開的水 boiled water 開水 （開過了） 注：boil vi 沸騰
試譯：China is a developing country while the United States is a developed country.
falling leaves和fallen leaves, the rising sun和the risen sun.
(3)現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式常表示與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)也可以先于或后于謂語
動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。
The man talking with our teacher is his father. (與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)
Sitting in an armchair, he told me he would go abroad. (在謂語動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生)
坐在扶手椅上他對我說他將出國。
He told me he would stand by the roadside, watching the parade.
他告訴我他將站在路邊，觀看游行．（與被修飾的從句謂語動(dòng)詞would stand同時(shí)發(fā)生，
都表示過去將來時(shí)間）
The man rose from the ground, beating the dust off his clothes.
那個(gè)男子從地上站了起來，拍掉衣服上的塵土。（分詞動(dòng)作后于謂語動(dòng)作）
(4)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示動(dòng)作先于謂語的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，常用作時(shí)間狀語和原因狀語。
Having finished my homework, I went to bed. 我做完作業(yè)以后，就上床睡覺了。
Having met with an accident，he couldn’t go to school． 由于遇到意外事故，他不能上學(xué)．
注：現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作時(shí)，一般用它的完成式表示。
Not having seen her before, he did not know she was his daughter.
由于他從前從未見過她，他不知道她是他的女兒。
Having missed the bus, we had to walk home.由于誤了公共汽車，我們只得走回家。
相對于過去分詞來講，動(dòng)詞的-ing形式形式多樣，結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，內(nèi)涵豐富，功能較多，最能體現(xiàn)英語獨(dú)特的形式特征，又極易給考生帶來麻煩，因此，命題人熱衷于使用它們作為考查工具就不足為怪了（每年平均有2-3個(gè)題目）。
不容置疑，高考將繼續(xù)加強(qiáng)對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現(xiàn)出“情景化”和“設(shè)問角度的多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度將會(huì)有所控制。
經(jīng)典解析：
The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _______at the end of last March.
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
【正確思路】B 去年三月發(fā)射的，和謂語動(dòng)詞有明顯的前后差異，動(dòng)作在前，故用分詞完成式，所以選B。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能及比較
非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能如下表：
主語
賓語
表語
定語
狀語
賓補(bǔ)
分詞
×
×
√
√
√
√
說明：分詞具有形容詞和副詞的特征。
作表語
現(xiàn)在分詞（分詞短語不能作表語）作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征，過去分詞作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)。
The basketball match was exciting. 令人興奮的
We are excited at the good news. (人)感到興奮的
The book is interesting. I’m interested in it.
★考點(diǎn)：區(qū)別由現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來的形容詞。
注：excited vt. 使……興奮 move vt. 感動(dòng) frighten vt. 使……害怕
tire vt. 使疲勞, 使厭煩 surprise vt. 使……吃驚 astonish vt. 使……驚訝，驚愕
satisfy vt. 使……滿意 disappoint vt. 使……失望 interest vt使……發(fā)生興趣
please vt. 使……高興 inspire vt. 鼓舞
小結(jié)：修飾人的表情，眼神，眼淚，聲音時(shí)，卻要用-ed形式。
經(jīng)典解析：
Please remain _________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
【正確思路】D seat，坐下。當(dāng)它表示形容詞概念時(shí)，只有seated一種形式，故選D。若用現(xiàn)在分詞形式和不定式形式，則需要用動(dòng)詞sit。
作定語（非謂語動(dòng)詞都能作定語）
(1) 區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞做定語
牢記：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，現(xiàn)在分詞表示①主動(dòng)②進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示①被動(dòng)②完成，但Vi的過去分詞，只表示完成，不表示被動(dòng)（即表示主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）。
(2)
注：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以作定語，它們的區(qū)別主要體現(xiàn)在時(shí)間上：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。本例中這三種形式與（所修飾的名詞）會(huì)議存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。它們都可以改成一個(gè)相應(yīng)的限制性定語從句。即
經(jīng)典解析：
The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.
A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
【正確思路】D 過去分詞在此作定語，表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選C。
作狀語
(1) __________ (see) from the top of the hill, we could see a beautiful city.
__________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looked beautiful.
Key: Seeing; Seen
牢記：分詞（短語）作狀語時(shí)，常位于句首（也可位于句末），并用逗號隔開。用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞一要看分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系。二要看分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作之間的時(shí)間先后關(guān)系。
口訣：主動(dòng)用-ing, 被動(dòng)用-ed;
但被動(dòng)如為完成或進(jìn)行時(shí)，要用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)形式別忘記。
(2)分詞短語作狀語表示伴隨狀況或方式時(shí)(分詞動(dòng)作對謂語動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明)，可以改成一個(gè)并列謂語。
We stood there, watching the football match.
=We stood there and watched the football match.
The glass fell to the ground, broken to pieces. 玻璃杯掉到地上碎了。
Her husband died, leaving her three children. 他的丈夫死了，給她留下三個(gè)孩子。
經(jīng)典解析：
As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B moving C. to move D. being moved
【正確思路】B 本句里stood和asked是由and連接的并列謂語，而空是由兩個(gè)逗號格開的，形式上看不是并列謂語，只能作狀語，和主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。
作賓補(bǔ)
(1)
(有時(shí)) He had his horse running all day. 他讓他的馬整天跑。 （主動(dòng)，持續(xù)）
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞都可以用在“Vt.+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓補(bǔ)。這時(shí)我們要分析賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間的關(guān)系。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示兩者存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（有時(shí)表示動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)，常帶段時(shí)間狀語）；用過去分詞表示存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞常見的有see，hear，watch，notice，find, feel, smell以及keep，set，leave等。 （現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或一直持續(xù)）
We saw him coming. 我看見他正過來。
They had their lights burning all night long. 他們讓燈整夜亮著。
Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 別讓她在外面雨中等著。(使……處于什么狀態(tài))
(2) 以下對非謂語動(dòng)詞作使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語列表歸納總結(jié)：
注：“√”為賓補(bǔ)范圍；表格中非謂語形式序號即為說明中序號。
①
②
③
④
說 明
do
done
doing
to do
使用②作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語為賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者，其余作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，賓語為賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者
let
√
較少使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即使用，賓補(bǔ)也不帶to
make
√
√
變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，①要加to, ②的形式不變
see, watch, noticeobserve, look at,hear, listen to etc.
√
√
√
1.變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，①要加to；②③的形式不變。
2. ①③的區(qū)別在于：①強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的全過程③強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行
have
√
√
√
無被動(dòng)語態(tài)
1. 使用①時(shí)，have與make同義。
2. ①③的區(qū)別：③強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)
feel
√
√
√
√
1. 使用④時(shí)，常為“to be ”
get
√
√
√
1. 使用②時(shí),get與have同義。
2. ③意為“使……開始動(dòng)作。”
3．④意為“勸服而使……”
Mr. Smith had me find a taxi for him．
史密斯先生叫我給他找一輛出租車。
He made me work long hours.他讓我長時(shí)間做工。
改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)： I was made to work long hours．
He had us laughing all through the programme．
他在節(jié)目中，讓我們自始至終笑個(gè)不停。
He had his bike repaired yesterday．
昨天他請人修好了自行車。（表示讓別人做某事）
She had her wallet stolen on the bus.
在公共汽車上，她的錢包被偷了。（表示遭遇）
經(jīng)典解析：
After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
【正確思路】A 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)，和前面的his mother’s voice（賓語），存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系，不定式表示將來的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，主動(dòng)含義；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成的動(dòng)作。由句意“孩子聽到媽媽叫他……”，可知表示主動(dòng)含義， 故選A。
其它考點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞分詞的否定式：一律在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not.
Not having received his letter, I decided to write a letter to him again. (現(xiàn)在分詞)
動(dòng)詞分詞的邏輯主語
1.分詞短語作狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語。
Led by the Party，the task was finished．（錯(cuò)）
可改為：Led by the Party, we finished the task.
注1: 如果分詞短語的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致，那么我們往往采用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即在分詞前加上它的邏輯主語（名詞或主格代詞）。
Time permitting, I’ll come to help you. (=If time permits, I’ll come to help you.)
It being very hot, we decided to go swimming. 由于天氣太熱，我們決定去游泳．
=As it is very hot, we decided to go swimming.
Night falling, we hurried home. (=As night fell, we hurried home.) 天黑了，我們匆忙回家。
小結(jié)：獨(dú)立主格=名/代+doing /done / to do / adj. / adv. / 介詞短詞。
它在語法上不是句子，通常在句中作狀語，要用逗號與句子主體部分隔開。
注2: He often sleeps with the window open. 他常常開著窗戶睡覺。
with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)=with+賓+賓補(bǔ)（現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞）
注意：介詞with后的賓語與賓補(bǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
①with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以作伴隨方式狀語、原因狀語、時(shí)間狀語等。
看下面例子，注意看賓補(bǔ)，以及with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?div style="height:15px;">
He fell asleep with the machine running. 機(jī)器開著，他就睡著了。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 他鎖著門工作了一下午。
②with結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有著密切聯(lián)系。如果將表示原因、時(shí)間、條件的with結(jié)構(gòu)中的with去掉，就可以變?yōu)楠?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.
=My mother being ill, I won’t be able to go on holiday.
注3: 某些分詞短語作獨(dú)立成分時(shí)，用來解釋整個(gè)句子可以不受上面所講的限制。它們已經(jīng)形成固定表達(dá)，如generally speaking, considering everything, supposing, judging from等。
如：Generally speaking, boys are bolder thin girls. 一般說來男孩比女孩膽子大些．
Supposing we lose, what shall we do? 萬一我們輸了，我們該怎么辦？
Judging from his accent, he must be from the south. 從他的口音來判斷，他一定是南方人。
經(jīng)典解析：
---Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
---Sorry. With so much work _________my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
【正確思路】B 太多工作填充我的大腦，主(so much work)謂(fill)之間，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B。
如何用獨(dú)立主格或分詞短語改寫狀語從句？ （口訣兩則）
復(fù)習(xí)1：獨(dú)立主格和分詞短語都可以作狀語，相當(dāng)于狀語從句，因此狀語從句和獨(dú)立主格或分詞短語一般可以互相轉(zhuǎn)換。
Time permitting, I’ll come to help you. (=If time permits, I’ll come to help you.)
Given more time, I can do the job better. (=If I am given more time, I can do the job better.)
復(fù)習(xí)2：在狀語從句中，當(dāng)從句的主語與主句的主語相同時(shí)，可以省略從句的連詞，主語和be，余下部分主動(dòng)用-ing, 被動(dòng)-ed。當(dāng)從句是if it is possible這種結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以省去it is構(gòu)成if possible，意思依然清楚。
When you cross the street, you must be careful.
過街時(shí)，你要小心。
= (When) crossing the street, you must be careful.
When it is heated, ice will turn into water.
加熱時(shí)，冰會(huì)變成水。
= (When) heated, ice will turn into water.
注意：從句的連詞也可保留，從句的意思顯得更加清楚。
I’ll do the work by myself if (it is) possible. 如果可能，我要親自做這個(gè)工作。
※ ?。ˋ）
主從主語皆相同，分詞短語作狀語，連詞從主應(yīng)省去。
主從主語如不同，獨(dú)立主格作狀語，從主不省要牢記。
（B）
主動(dòng)用-ing, 被動(dòng)用-ed;
但被動(dòng)如為完成或進(jìn)行，用現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)形式忽忘記。
區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞
二者形式完全相同，都是由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成。但是它們之間有根本的區(qū)別，它們除了都具有動(dòng)詞特征以外, 現(xiàn)在分詞還具有形容詞和副詞特征，而動(dòng)名詞則具有名詞特征。這種區(qū)別表現(xiàn)為句法功能的不同?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中可充當(dāng)定語、表語、補(bǔ)語（賓語補(bǔ)足語或主語補(bǔ)足語）、狀語；動(dòng)名詞在句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、同位語、表語、定語。因此，現(xiàn)在分詞與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別方法如下：
1.如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)狀語和補(bǔ)語，那么它一定是現(xiàn)在分詞。
如：Hearing the news, he got very excited. 他得知這消息后非常興奮。(hearing 作時(shí)間狀語)
I saw him going upstairs. 我看到他上樓的。 (going作賓語補(bǔ)足語)
2.如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語或同位語，那么它一定是動(dòng)名詞。
如：Studying English is our task. 學(xué)習(xí)英語是我們的任務(wù)。 (studying作主語)
He likes playing football. 他喜歡踢足球。 (playing作賓語)
His ambition, conquering the whole world, was never fulfilled.
他征服全世界的野心從來沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。 (conquering作同位語，是動(dòng)名詞。)
3.如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)表語，-ing形式可能是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可能是動(dòng)名詞。區(qū)分方法是：如果-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞，與主語處于同等地位，可以與主語交換位置，那么它就是動(dòng)名詞；如果-ing形式相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征，不可以與主語交換位置，那么它就是現(xiàn)在分詞。
如：His work is repairing bikes.=Repairing bikes is his work. repairing.
(repairing為動(dòng)名詞)
The novel is interesting. (該句的表語與主語不能交換位置，interesting為現(xiàn)在分詞。)
4.如果-ing形式在句中充當(dāng)定語，那么它可能是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可能是動(dòng)名詞。區(qū)分辦法是：如果被修飾的名詞與-ing形式之間有邏輯主謂關(guān)系，那么-ing形式就是現(xiàn)在分詞；否則，-ing形式是動(dòng)名詞。
如：a sleeping car=a car for sleeping 一節(jié)臥車 (sleep與car沒有邏輯主謂關(guān)系)
a sleeping boy= a boy who is sleeping 一個(gè)正在睡覺的男孩。(sleep與boy有邏輯主謂關(guān)系)
高考鏈接
1. The message is very important, so it is supposed _________as soon as
possible.
A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending
2. T_________around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s
Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show
3. Please remain ______; the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A. seating B. seated C. to seat D. to be seated
4. ________in the queue for half an hour ,the old man suddenly realized he
had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
5. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _____him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
[解析]
1. A 此題考點(diǎn)有兩個(gè)，第一suppose to do sth 第二被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以答案選擇A。
2. A 考點(diǎn)是非謂語動(dòng)詞， we 是非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語，和show 關(guān)系是主動(dòng)，把B，C 排除，having
shown 表示動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，to show 表示動(dòng)作沒發(fā)生，根據(jù)句意答案選擇A。
3. B seated就坐,形容詞, remain seated保持坐著,故選B.
4. C 在排隊(duì)等了半小時(shí)之后,老人突然意識到他把支票落在車?yán)锪?排隊(duì)在意識這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前,故選現(xiàn)在
分詞的完成式.
5. A 媽媽叫他的聲音,聲音和叫這個(gè)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選現(xiàn)在分詞。
鞏固練習(xí)：
1. Prices of daily goods _______ through a computer can be
lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
2. ______ the little boy, the brave soldier kicked off his shoes
and jumped into the water.
A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved
3. --- How do you like my new car?
--- I like it, but would you please _________it on the road?
A．not park B．not to park C．don’t park D．not parking
4. Compared to _______ in the office, Kate found it more exciting
to work as a teacher.
A. work B. having worked C. working D. be working
5. The time he has devoted in the past ten years ________ the
disabled is now considered ______ of great value.
A．to help; being B．to helping; to be C．help; to be D．helping; being
6. A driver is asked to keep his safety belt _____ while driving on
the freeway.
A．fasten B．fastening C．to fasten D．fastened
7. Unfortunately, it was too late _____ any taxi, so we have to
walk home.
A. to be B. to have been C. for there to be D. for it to be
8. Some people against toll booths (收費(fèi)站) argue that roads,
once _____, should be free.
A．building B．built C．having built D．being built
9. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______.
A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on
10. Generally speaking, the electric-bike is not dangerous as
_________, if _________according to the instructions.
A．reported; ridden B．reported; riding
C．report; to ride D．reporting; to be ridden
11. He suddenly found the wallet he had just put in the bag ______.
A．missing B．missed C．to miss D．being missed
12. --Can the project be finished as planned?
--Sure. _________it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.
A．To have got B．To get C．Getting D．Having got
13. A 3G mobile phone, _________ to be most useful and fashionable,
is popular with some teenagers.
A. consider B. considering C. considered D .to be considered
14. Sir, do you have anything_________this afternoon? If there is
nothing to do, I wonder if I can ask for a leave.
A．typing B．typed C．to type D．to be typed
15. _________to hospital in time, the patient infected with bird
flu was saved at last.
A．Taking B．Having taken C．Being taken D．Having been taken
16. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice____ him.
A calling B called C being called D to call
17. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ___ and asked
myself what I was going to do.
A moved B moving C to move D being moved
18. The Town Hall___ in the 1880s was the most distinguished building at the
time.
A to be completed B having been completed C completed D being completed
19. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them
_____his lectures.
A interested B interesting C interest D to interest
20. Whenever he was asked why he was late for school, he would answer
carelessly, always ____the same thing.
A saying B said C to say D having said
參考答案：
1. B 句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞can be，而且本句是個(gè)簡單句，故本題只能選用非謂語動(dòng)詞，如果看不出句
子結(jié)構(gòu)的話，則容易誤選A。句意為“通過電腦買的日常用品的價(jià)格比商店的低。”動(dòng)詞buy和
daily goods之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，看不出動(dòng)詞與名詞之間的關(guān)系，則會(huì)誤選D。過去分詞本身就可以
表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不再需要been，不懂得過去分詞得用法和結(jié)構(gòu)，則會(huì)誤選C。
2. A 句中save這個(gè)動(dòng)作和kicked off his shoes and jumped in to the water這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作相比，
save在后，表示目的，不清楚動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序，則會(huì)誤選C或D。救孩子是士兵的主動(dòng)行為，
不清楚二者之間得關(guān)系，則會(huì)誤選B。
3. A would please后接不定式，并不了解詞組的用法，會(huì)誤選C或D。而且would please后接省略不定
式符號to的不定式，沒掌握這個(gè)用法，則會(huì)誤選B。
4. C 本句里的比較是work as a teacher和work in the office，是動(dòng)詞的比較，沒看出這種比較的
話，則會(huì)誤選A。
5. B devote to doing, 其中to 是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，沒掌握該詞組的用法，則會(huì)誤選
A或C。consider doing sth,考慮作某事，但是consider后接be動(dòng)詞，則采用consider to be的形
式，沒有分清consider的這兩個(gè)用法，則會(huì)誤選D。
6. D 沒弄清belt和fasten之間的關(guān)系，誤以為是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，容易誤選B；如果認(rèn)為是將來的動(dòng)作，容易
誤選C；誤以為是省略to的不定式，容易誤選A。
7. C 本句使用了for…to do/ be以及there be句型，如果沒看懂句式，則容易誤選A和D；從句意看，
出來完，然后找不到出租車，動(dòng)作有先后，找車在后，如果辨別不清先后動(dòng)作順序，會(huì)誤選B。
8. B 句中that roads, once____, should be free. that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，once是從屬連詞應(yīng)該引導(dǎo)狀
語， roads和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，如果沒看出這一點(diǎn)，容易誤選A；從句意看，路還沒建起
來，如果動(dòng)作時(shí)間性沒看出來，容易誤選C和D。
9. A 聲音繼續(xù)下去，是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，如果不理解這種關(guān)系，容易誤選D； with結(jié)構(gòu)里只能是非謂語動(dòng)
詞，沒有掌握這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，則會(huì)誤選B和C。
10. A if條件狀語從句是省略句，as (electric-bike is reported)和if (electric-bike is)
ridden,都是被動(dòng)的，如果不動(dòng)狀語從句的省略方式，看不出被動(dòng)含義，容易誤選B，C，D。
11. A 這里主要有一個(gè)定語從句的影響，去掉定語從句，成了found the wallet ___. 如果看不出這個(gè)
結(jié)構(gòu)，會(huì)影響選擇；the wallet和miss之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，錢包丟了?？床怀鲞@個(gè)關(guān)系，會(huì)誤選
B，C，D。
2011全國高考英語 非謂語動(dòng)詞
12. B 從主句時(shí)態(tài)看是一般將來時(shí)，看來工程還未完成，所以從句動(dòng)作及時(shí)完成，也表示將來，如果分
析不出時(shí)間關(guān)系，則會(huì)誤選A，C，D。
13. C consider和mobile phone之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系?？床怀龆哧P(guān)系，則容易誤選A，B，D。
14. D anything和type之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,沒看出來是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，容易誤選A和C從句中時(shí)間狀語this
afternoon，看應(yīng)該是將來的動(dòng)作，忽視時(shí)間狀語，則容易誤選B。
15. D 意為“由于及時(shí)被送到醫(yī)院，感染禽流感的病人最終獲救”，從事件上看，動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后，不
比較時(shí)間先后，會(huì)誤選A和C；而且take和主語病人之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，不注意這個(gè)關(guān)系，會(huì)誤選
B。
16. A 本題考查非謂語。Hear sb doing sth .此處是動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞作hear的賓語補(bǔ)足語。選A。
17. B moving是現(xiàn)在分詞，做的是伴隨狀語。選B。
18. C 本題考查過去分詞。Completed 做后置定語，表示被動(dòng)。選C。
19. A make 此處是使役動(dòng)詞，過去分詞interested做賓語補(bǔ)足語。選A。
20. A 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表示主動(dòng)。選A。
