定語從句

定語從句是高中英語學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)，在閱讀，完型中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。在北京的單項(xiàng)選擇中考查頻率也很高。定語從句的考查點(diǎn)在于關(guān)系詞的選擇。考查的方式比較簡(jiǎn)單。

1.限定性定語從句與非限定定語從句的區(qū)別

限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，不可用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。非限定定語從句中，先行詞與定語從句往往由逗號(hào)隔開。

2.關(guān)系代詞的用法

1).限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法

Eg.: He is the man who/that lives next door. (作主語)

Eg.: We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主語)

Eg.: The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. (作賓語)

注：在非正式文體中，用于指人的關(guān)系代詞who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文體中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的關(guān)系代詞which和that 在非正式文體中也通常省略，但在正式文體中一般不省略。

Eg.: The book is not such as I expect. (as作定語)

Eg.: He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (作定語)

2).非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞的用法

Eg.: This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago.

Eg.: As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

3.關(guān)系副詞的用法

當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系副詞。

Eg.:I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Eg.:This is the hotel where they are staying.

Eg.: That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

【解題方法】判斷從句中是否缺主語、賓語，表語。(1)缺主語，賓語，表語中的任何一種。如果定語從句修飾的是人選who/that。如果修飾的是物，可選的有that/which。(2)如果主語，賓語，表語完整則根據(jù)句意可選when (指時(shí)間)，where (指地點(diǎn))，why (指原因，先行詞多為reason)。以及whose (誰的)。

【直擊真題】

1. (2016·四川高考) 單句改錯(cuò)

The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.

【答案】what→that/which或去掉what

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，dishes后面為定語從句，從句中缺少cooked的賓語，故可以使用that/which或省略。應(yīng)把what改為that/which或去掉what。

2. (2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 語法填空

But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

【答案】when

【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處所在的句子是定語從句。定語從句修飾前面的“the mid－1980s”，且從句缺少時(shí)間狀語，故用when引導(dǎo)該定語從句。

【重難點(diǎn)】

定語從句的關(guān)系詞判斷選擇以及限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句的辨析。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)】

when，where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別。

【題模精講】

單句改錯(cuò)

(1) The dishes what I cooked were Mom's favorite. ________

(2) And it is wise to have as many good friends that we can. ________

(3) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of that the sailing time was 226 days. ________

(4) Patience, without whom you can’t do the work well, is a kind of quality. ________

(5) The film brought the hours back to me who I was taken good care of in that far away village. ________

答案：

(1)what→that/which或去掉what

(2)that→as

(3) that→which

(4) whom→which

(5) who→when

解析：

(1)考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞為Thedishes，關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞cooked的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞也可以省略。

(2) as引導(dǎo)定語從句。

(3) nine months為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞of的賓語，而關(guān)系代詞that不可位于介詞之后，故that改為which。

(4) Patience為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞賓語，故whom改為which。

(5) hours為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句作時(shí)間狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞when作為引導(dǎo)詞。

語法填空

(1) A lot of language learning, _________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

(2) Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.

(3) It was in the small house _________ was built with stones by his father _________ he spent his childhood.

答案：

(1) as

(2) where

(3) which；that

解析：

(1)關(guān)系代詞指整個(gè)一句話A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正確答案應(yīng)該是as。

(2)句意：在本章的后一部分，將給讀者介紹一些案例，在這些案例中，消費(fèi)者的投訴已經(jīng)使法律做出了修改。根據(jù)句意判定cases為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，相當(dāng)于in these cases, in which＝where，即先行詞在從句中作狀語。

(3)句意：他是在他父親用石頭建造的那座小房子里度過了他的童年。前一空中which引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾前面的house；后一空是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。判斷句子是否為強(qiáng)調(diào)句，只要將強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的It is/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，這就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

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