短文改錯是對語言知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查,提高做短文改錯題的能力,除了要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)知識的積累、提高語篇的整體理解能力之外,還應(yīng)該對其錯項設(shè)置的基本情況有所了解,以便做到目標(biāo)明確,有的放矢,從而提高解題的正確率。小編從語法和邏輯的角度,用口訣的形式,為同學(xué)們整理了一些高考英語短文改錯中最常見的幾類錯誤。
短文改錯口訣:
動詞形,名詞數(shù);
注意形和副;
非謂動詞細(xì)辨別;
習(xí)慣用法要記住;
句子成分多分析;
邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注。
動詞形
PART 1
主要包括兩類錯誤:動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)錯誤,以及主、謂不一致的錯誤。
例如:My favorite sport is football. I was member of our school football team. (is)
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. (are)
上述兩例分別屬于時態(tài)錯誤和主謂不一致錯誤。找出此類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是樹立牢固的時態(tài)概念,注意短文內(nèi)容發(fā)生或存在的時間,保持時間概念的一致性。
名詞數(shù)
PART 2
指名詞單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)形式的用法錯誤。常表現(xiàn)為將名詞復(fù)數(shù)寫成單數(shù)。
例如:…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (subjects)
注意形副
PART 3
區(qū)分形容詞和副詞在句子中的作用和具體用法。這也是高考短文改錯的常考點(diǎn)。
例如:I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderful)
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunately)
需要注意的是,形容詞多用來做定、表、補(bǔ)語等,而副詞只能在句子中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。第一例中的wonderful作定語修飾time,第二句的Unfortunately作狀語修飾整個句子。
非謂動詞細(xì)辨別
PART4
這是考查最多的錯誤形式之一。主要有分詞和動名詞類錯誤,也包括不定式類錯誤。
例如:1. …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. (interested)
2. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … (playing)
3. My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… (to)
上述二、三例分別是動名詞作主語,和不定式作目的狀語。一般的,現(xiàn)在分詞有主動態(tài)和進(jìn)行時的含義,而過去分詞具有被動態(tài)和完成時的含義,不定式有將來時態(tài)的含義。
習(xí)慣用法要記住
PART5
主要考查習(xí)慣搭配方面的基礎(chǔ)知識。這也是歷年高考的??键c(diǎn),其錯誤表現(xiàn)形式主要有三種:多詞、少詞和搭配錯誤。例如:
1. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… (of)
2. We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. (of)
句子成分多分析
PART6
不同的句子成分要用不同的詞類;不同的語景要選擇不同的詞語。這些都有待我們對句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分作細(xì)致的分析,才能找出用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e誤。
例如:
1. They ∧eager to know everything about China and… (were)
2. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (which)
第一例漏掉了謂語動詞were,這是受寒于習(xí)慣的影響而導(dǎo)致的錯誤;第二例則是詞類與它在句子中的成分不相符,which(代“北京”, 在所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句中做主語) is the capital of China (系表結(jié)構(gòu))where是副詞,不能作主語。
邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注
PART7
與句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,屬于邏輯性錯誤。如稱謂上的張冠李戴,人名、地名、時間、方位等方面的錯誤,常是這類錯誤的考查對象。例如:
1. The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. (their)
2. First, let me tell you something more about myself. (去掉more)
3. … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set. Now someone at home reads instead. (everyone)
上述第一例中的主語是Smiths(史密斯夫婦倆),因此后面的his不合邏輯。第二例中的more在這兒表“再”的意思,才開始告訴別人,怎么能說“再告訴你一些事”?第三例講的是為了解決看電視時的爭端,“我們”把電視機(jī)賣了;晚上沒電視看了,所以與從前一樣,大家又都讀書了,所以該用everyone。
除了上述錯誤類型外,常考的錯誤形式還有:連詞but, and, or和so的用法錯誤(可以歸類為邏輯錯誤),以及冠詞的用法錯誤等。
例如:
1. She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
2. It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
3. We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows,it’s famous
76. _____
Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather
77. _____
was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of
78. _____
the mountain,the three of them were very excited. As we
79. _____
climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples
80. _____
and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture
81._____
since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly.
82. _____
Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top
83. _____
of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was
84. _____
good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my
85. _____
head touched the pillow.
76. famous前加上a.(名詞數(shù))此題考查冠詞的基本用法。mountain是可數(shù)名詞,這里是泛指,所以要加不定冠詞a。
77. 正確
78. we前面加when,引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。(句子成分多分析)It was about noon和we arrived at the foot of the mountain都是簡單句,必須用復(fù)合連詞when把它們連接起來,構(gòu)成時間狀語從句。
79. them→us (邏輯錯誤須關(guān)注)此題考查代詞的用法。這篇短文敘述了作者和他的父母親一起去旅游,這里指的是“我們”,而不是“他們”。
80. visiting→visited(非謂動詞細(xì)辨別)并列連詞and連接的是三個謂語:fed, visited和told。
81. picture→pictures(名詞數(shù))picture是可數(shù)名詞,從下文中since the scenery was so beautiful可以看出,作者拍了不止一張照片。所以要用復(fù)數(shù)。
82. passes→passed(動詞形)考查動詞時態(tài),作者和他父母親旅游的時間發(fā)生在過去(Last week),所以要用一般過去時。
83. 去掉down(習(xí)慣用法要記住)Evening came的意思是,到了夜晚。不能用came down。
84. and→but(but,and,or和so)此題考查連詞的基本用法。食物貴(The food was expensive)與服務(wù)好(the service was good)之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,不是并列關(guān)系。
85. 去掉at(句子成分多分析 / 習(xí)慣用法要記住)the moment(that)可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,意思是“一…就”,前面不用介詞at。在這個句子中,省略了that。
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