1. Academic writing should be objective and impersonal; avoid phrases such as 'I think' instead use 'it is thought that' or ‘evidence has shown that '. If using the latter make sure you include the references.
1. 學(xué)術(shù)寫作應(yīng)該是客觀的、不摻雜主觀臆斷的;應(yīng)該避免使用類似于“我認(rèn)為”一類的詞語,而應(yīng)該使用“人們認(rèn)為”或者“證據(jù)表明”一類的詞語。如果使用了后者,要確保你有相應(yīng)的證據(jù)來證明。
2. Academic writing should be structured; it needs to follow a logical order. It should have an introduction, a main body and a conclusion. Academic writing needs to have coherent sentences and paragraphs that follow on clearly from each other.
2. 學(xué)術(shù)寫作應(yīng)該是結(jié)構(gòu)分明的,需要有邏輯順序。一篇學(xué)術(shù)文章應(yīng)該包含前言、文章主體和結(jié)論三部分。學(xué)術(shù)寫作需要語句通順且上下文連貫一致。
3. Use language or terms that are specific to your course or field of study, these are words or phrases that your lecturer would commonly use and that you will also come across frequently in your course texts. Referring to a dictionary of your particular course or field of study will help with this, an example being a dictionary of American history if you were studying American history.
3. 使用你所學(xué)學(xué)科或課程的專業(yè)術(shù)語,這些都是老師講課或者課本上經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的詞語。參考相關(guān)課程或者特定研究領(lǐng)域的字典將會(huì)更好地幫助你使用這些專業(yè)術(shù)語。例如,研究美國歷史的時(shí)候,就可以使用美國歷史字典。
4. Avoid using slang or contractions, examples of contractions are; it’s and that’s instead you would write it is or that is.
4. 避免使用俚語或者縮寫詞語,如應(yīng)避免使用“it’s”和“that’s”而應(yīng)該使用“it is”或者“that is”。
5. Academic reading will also enhance your academic writing. When reading journals or texts, pay attention not only to the content but also the style of writing.
5. 學(xué)術(shù)閱讀也將會(huì)有助于提高你的學(xué)術(shù)寫作能力。在閱讀期刊或者文章時(shí),不僅要專注于文章內(nèi)容,還要注意學(xué)習(xí)文章的寫作風(fēng)格。
6. Use linking words to help structure your work, examples of these are “therefore”, “consequently“, “furthermore“ and “however“.
6. 使用連接詞語來讓你的文章變得更加結(jié)構(gòu)化,例如“因此”、“所以”、“與此同時(shí)”、“然而”等。
7. Pay attention to spelling, you do get marked on this. Try and use a dictionary rather than relying on your computer’s spell check, they are much more reliable.
7. 在詞語拼寫上應(yīng)該多加注意,你需要對(duì)這一問題多加注意。應(yīng)該嘗試使用字典進(jìn)行校正而不是依賴于電腦的自動(dòng)拼寫檢查,因?yàn)樽值涓涌煽俊?/span>
8. A thesaurus will help you to avoid repeating the same words throughout your work; a thesaurus offers you a list of alternative words.
8. 在你寫作的過程中,同義詞詞典將會(huì)幫助你避免重復(fù)使用同一個(gè)詞的窘?jīng)r;同義詞詞典能夠提供給你一串可供替換的詞語。
9. Always reference your work, not just the quotations but the ideas as well. Make sure that you use the correct referencing system for your course. If in doubt, refer to your course or module handbook.
9. 注意要為你的文章做好參考標(biāo)記,不僅僅是你引用的文章內(nèi)容,引用的觀點(diǎn)也要注意進(jìn)行標(biāo)記。確保使用你專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)正確的參考格式。如果你對(duì)這個(gè)問題還存在疑問,可以參考課程或者模塊手冊(cè)。
10. Always proofread your work; try reading it out loud, mistakes are far easier to spot when you do this. Allow yourself plenty of time to make the corrections that you need.
10. 多次校正文章,試著把文章大聲讀出來,因?yàn)檫@樣更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中的錯(cuò)誤。要給自己留出足夠的時(shí)間來修改文章內(nèi)容。
文章來源:www.worcester.ac.uk/studyskills/documents/top_10_tips_AW_25.10.10.pdf
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