2014新版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第1-----第10單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
一、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
1. What’ s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？
【解析】matter/ ' m?t?(r)) /n.問(wèn)題；事情
What’ s the matter with you?= What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you? 你怎么了？
【注】： matter 和trouble 為名詞， 其前可加the 或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong 是adj. 不能加the
【用法】用于詢問(wèn)某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題其后跟詢問(wèn)對(duì)象時(shí)， 與介詞with連用。即：
What’s the matter with sb.? = What’s your trouble? = What’s up? = What happens to sb.?
— What’s the matter with you ? — I have a bad cold.
2. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒
have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache頭疼
3. 身體部位+ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復(fù)合詞
stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛
4. much too+ 形容詞，意為 太...... ，too much+名詞，意為 很多，大量 。
5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足夠好，enough money=much money
6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過(guò)去式lay；lie說(shuō)謊，過(guò)去式lied
7. maybe ―或許‖，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.
may be，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為―可能，也許‖，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。He may be angry.
sound like+名詞代詞和從句：It sounds like you don’t know the truth.
It sounds like a good idea. sound+形容詞，―聽(tīng)起來(lái)，好像‖，The music sounds nice.
9. need 需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need+名詞，需要某物；
need to do sth.需要做某事，主語(yǔ)通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：You need to listen carefully during class.
need doing sth.主語(yǔ)通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：Your dirty clothes need washing.
10. get off (the bus) 下（公交車） get on 上車
11. agree 同意，贊同；
agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意見(jiàn) 如：I agree to LiLei.
12. trouble問(wèn)題，麻煩 ；be in trouble遇到麻煩，make trouble 制造麻煩 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have difficulties (in) doing sth做......有麻煩。
13. right away=right now=at once，意為 馬上 。
14. advice [不可數(shù)名詞]勸告，建議，向…征求意見(jiàn)， give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議； advise [動(dòng)詞] advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事
advise sb. doing sth.
【復(fù)習(xí)】exercise 練習(xí)、鍛煉
當(dāng)exercise意為―練習(xí)‖時(shí)，為可數(shù)名詞 即可加s
當(dāng)exercise意為―鍛煉‖時(shí)，為不可數(shù)名詞 即不加s
16. hurt 及物動(dòng)詞，使……疼痛，……受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising.
不及物動(dòng)詞，……（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.
clean 【動(dòng)詞】打掃，clean the classroom打掃教室，【形容詞】 干凈的 ，cleaner意為 清潔工 。
18. hit （用手或器具）打；擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.
hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；
hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。
習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)了……、做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；His grandpa was used to country life.
Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.
get/ become used to sth./ doing sth. ―變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng)……‖強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程、動(dòng)作：
It’s difficult for one to get used to another country’s habit.
20. 【復(fù)習(xí)】free [形容詞]空閑的free time；免費(fèi)的the drink is for free；自由的I want to become a free bird.
free【動(dòng)詞】使……解脫，得到自由：He could not free his arm.
run out用完，用盡 When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
物sth. run out. 某物用盡了。
人sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.
22. risk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險(xiǎn)
23. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性
We students should know the importance of (learning) English.
importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的
decision 【名詞】決定；抉擇； make a decision 做決定 ;
make a decision to do sth.= decide to do sth. 。
25. be in the control of …掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.
be out of control無(wú)法控制，無(wú)法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中
26. 【復(fù)習(xí)】mind意為 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事 ,
Would you mind my opening the window?
27. give up (doing) sth. 放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；
give up后可接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)詞ing形式，也可不接，如: Never give up easily.
二、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
【反身代詞】英語(yǔ)中共有八個(gè)反身代詞，在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意和它所指的相應(yīng)的對(duì)象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。
【用法】
1. 可用作賓語(yǔ)，指的是賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well.
2. 可用作表語(yǔ)，指的是表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)表示同一個(gè)或同一些人或事物。 如： She isn’t quite herself today.
3. 可用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，常用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week.
4. 用在某些固定短語(yǔ)當(dāng)中。
look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach say to oneself自言自語(yǔ)
oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學(xué) leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨(dú)留下
enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過(guò)得愉快 buy oneself sth.給自己買(mǎi)……東西
help oneself to sth 請(qǐng)自用……（隨便吃/喝些……）. introduce oneself 介紹……自己
hurt oneself摔傷自己
【提醒】
1. 反身代詞不能單獨(dú)做主語(yǔ)，但可以做主語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。
（誤）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.
2. 反身代詞表示―某人自己‖不能表示―某人的東西‖，因?yàn)樗鼪](méi)有所有格的形式。表達(dá)―某人自己的（東西）‖時(shí)，須要用one’s own.
如：我用我自己的蠟筆畫(huà)畫(huà)。（誤）I’m drawing with myself crayons. (正) I’m drawing with my own crayons.
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks
一、基本知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語(yǔ)Mary could not come because she is sick.
也可作定語(yǔ)a sick child
【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語(yǔ)，不做定語(yǔ)。Mary could not come because she is ill.
2. cheer (sb.) up（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來(lái)The good news cheered up everyone in our class.
3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)，相當(dāng)于hand out，The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers.
give sth. out to sb. 意為 把某物分發(fā)給某人 。
4. volunteer 【名詞】志愿者 【動(dòng)詞】義務(wù)做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ，
The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.
5. used to do sth.過(guò)去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。
There used to be a cinema here. 這里曾有一個(gè)照相機(jī)。
They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過(guò)去的故事。
6. alone 【形容詞】獨(dú)自一人的，無(wú)感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself.
lonely （感到）孤獨(dú)寂寞的，帶有很強(qiáng)的感情色彩，可做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。The lonely boy is not lonely now.
7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料……
care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心take care of=look after →【動(dòng)詞】care about sb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事
→【形容詞】careful 仔細(xì)的 / careless 粗心的 →【副詞】carefully 仔細(xì)地
8. such ―這樣的，這種，如此‖，用于修飾名詞 such+ a/ an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比賽 such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞：such important decisions 多么重要的建議 such delicious food 多么美味
如果名詞前被many, much, few, little修飾時(shí)，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time
9. try out for…參加…選拔，爭(zhēng)取成為…Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year.
try out試用，試驗(yàn)
10. journey 【名詞】（尤指長(zhǎng)途）旅行，行程；trip【名詞】多指短途旅行；
travel【名詞、動(dòng)詞】travel around the world →【名詞】traveler旅行者
11.【復(fù)習(xí)】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情
12.【復(fù)習(xí)】try doing sth. 試著去做某事 try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 try one’s best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事
13.【復(fù)習(xí)】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 擔(dān)心某人、某事
14. raise money集資，籌錢(qián)；raise money for…為……籌錢(qián)
raise【動(dòng)詞】舉起；提高；募集
15. keep【動(dòng)詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持
16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。
make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能，
You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.
make it +形容詞(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成為…；
think/find it +形容詞to do sth.
18. make a difference to…對(duì)……有影響；對(duì)……有作用，difference前可以用no, any, some, much等修飾，如
The rain made no difference to the game.
Hard-working makes much difference to study.
19. difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的―困難‖時(shí)為不可數(shù)；表示具體的―難題、難事‖時(shí)為可數(shù)；
have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難
20. train【動(dòng)詞】訓(xùn)練，trained為過(guò)去分詞，可做定語(yǔ)，意為―受過(guò)訓(xùn)練的‖a trained dog
21. be excited about sth. 對(duì)某事感到興奮 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.
【復(fù)習(xí)】excited意為 興奮的，修飾人；exciting意為 令人興奮/激動(dòng)的，修飾物。
22. order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動(dòng)詞】訂購(gòu)；點(diǎn)（菜）follow the order。
23. change【動(dòng)詞】變化，改變It’s hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名詞】變化；零錢(qián)
change A for B用A換成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.
repair 【動(dòng)詞】修理，修補(bǔ)； fix【動(dòng)詞】安裝；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】
Unit3 Could you please clean your room?
Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了嗎？
Could you please do sth ?請(qǐng)你（做）......好嗎？ 用于提出請(qǐng)求，希望得到對(duì)方的肯定回答，說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣比較客氣委婉。 Could 不是can的過(guò)去式，是委婉、禮貌的說(shuō)法?；卮鹩胏an.
【常用答語(yǔ)】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I can’t
2、take out 取出（v+ adv）
【注】: 跟代詞做賓語(yǔ)，代詞放中間；跟名詞做賓語(yǔ)，可放在中間，也可放在后邊
His teeth hurt badly. The dentist take them out .
【短語(yǔ)】take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走，取走
take back 收回 take place 發(fā)生 take off 脫下； 起飛
3. Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盤(pán)子嗎？
do the dishes 洗碗
【結(jié)構(gòu)1】do the +名詞： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服
【結(jié)構(gòu)2】do the +動(dòng)詞-ing do the cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生
【結(jié)構(gòu)3】do one’s + 名詞 do one’s housework/ homework 做家務(wù)/家庭作業(yè)
【結(jié)構(gòu)4】do some +動(dòng)詞-ing do some reading/ shopping 讀寫(xiě)書(shū)/購(gòu)物
Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少讓我看完這個(gè)節(jié)目可以嗎？
1】Could I do a sth? 我可以做......嗎？
用于表達(dá)請(qǐng)求，語(yǔ)氣比較委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?
2】at least 至少，多指數(shù)量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超過(guò)
Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.
3】finish v 結(jié)束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事
— Can you finish __reading__ these books before 10 o'clock? — Yes, I can.
5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我覺(jué)得你看兩個(gè)小時(shí)的電視已經(jīng)足夠了。
1】two hours of TV 表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常被視作整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 How time is flies! Three years __is_____(be) really a short time.
足夠的，充分的（在句中作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)）
【解析2】
The river is deep enough for swimming.
【記】
【注意】enough 修飾名詞時(shí)，置于名詞前；修飾形容詞時(shí)，置于形容詞之后。
6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?
你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎？
【解析】take out 拿出；取出
take 的用法：
It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.
【拓展】take 構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)：
take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顧 take off 脫下；起飛 take up 占據(jù) take down 拿下 take one’s time 不急；慢慢來(lái) take one’s temperature 量體溫
7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over .
我剛坐在電視機(jī)前面，我媽媽就過(guò)來(lái)了。
【解析1】the minute = as soon as ―一...... 就......‖ Please write to me the minute you get there.
【解析2】 in front of
指在物體外部的前面
There is a bike in front of the classroom.
指在物體內(nèi)部的前面
【記】 The driver sat _____in the front of___________ the car. The policeman stood ___in front of________ the car.
【注意】有the無(wú)the區(qū)別大：
at table 吃飯；進(jìn)餐 in hospital 住院
at the tabel 在桌邊 在醫(yī)院（不一定看?。?/p>
【解析3】come over 過(guò)來(lái)
【拓展】 come 短語(yǔ)：
come across（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn) come back 回來(lái) come up with想出
come true實(shí)現(xiàn) come down下來(lái) come from=be from來(lái)自,出生于
come in/into進(jìn)入,進(jìn)來(lái) come on趕快,加油 come along走吧,過(guò)來(lái),快點(diǎn)
come and go來(lái)來(lái)去去 come up上來(lái) come out出來(lái)，(花)開(kāi)，(照片)沖洗出來(lái)
7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務(wù)！
all the time = always 一直；總是
8. I’m just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累！ 【解析】as...as ... 和......一樣......
9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的時(shí)間，她不做任何家務(wù)，我也不做。
【解析】neither +助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) ―某人（主語(yǔ)） 也不‖
⑴ neither兩者都不
neither …nor… 既不…也不…,連接兩個(gè)詞做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由后一個(gè)主語(yǔ)確定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student ⑵ 表達(dá)―…也不……‖ 則用 ―Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主‖
—The first one wasn’t bad. — Neither was the second.
10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.
第二天，媽媽下班回到家后發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很干凈、整潔。
【解析】find +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
【注】find → found →found v尋找
(1) find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事
(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很……
◆find it difficult/ hard to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難 She found _it__ hard to finish the work by herself.
11. She asked in surprise.她吃驚地問(wèn)道。
【解析】in surprise 驚奇地；吃驚地
surprise v 使吃驚→surprising adj. 令人吃驚的 →surprised adj. 吃驚的
to one’s surprise 使某人吃驚的是 in surprise 吃驚地 be surprised at 對(duì)……感到吃驚
To my surprise_(使我吃驚的是），he got the first prize in the exam.
12. ― I’m do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.‖ I replied.
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