西洋樂器英文名稱及簡介 ：
Violin 小提琴：A stringed instrument played with a bow, having four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics. 用弓演奏的一種弦樂器，四根弦,按五度音程調(diào)音,指板無品，形體較古提琴淺，音域、音色和強弱相當(dāng)靈活。
Viola 中提琴：A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a deeper, more sonorous tone. 提琴家族中的一種弦樂器，稍大于小提琴，調(diào)音比小提琴低五度，聲音更為深沉、洪亮。
Cello 大提琴：A four-stringed instrument of the violin family, pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass. 一種提琴類四弦樂器，音調(diào)比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。
Double bass 低音提琴或大貝司：The largest bowed stringed instrument in the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles, especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves below middle C. 尤用于撥奏的現(xiàn)代管弦樂隊的最大弓弦樂器，也常用于爵士樂合奏。低音提琴通常被算作提琴類，定弦為四度，頸部傾斜和背平是低音提琴的特點。它有始于中央C音以下三個八度的深度范圍。
flute 長笛：A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on the side and an opening near the closed end across which the breath is blown. 由一根一端封閉的纖細管子組成的高音木管樂器，側(cè)邊有按鍵和指孔，靠近封閉端有一個使氣流進入的開口。
piccolo 短笛：A small flute pitched an octave above a regular flute. 一種音調(diào)比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。
clarinet 單簧管：A woodwind instrument having a straight, cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys. 單簧管，黑管一種管樂器，有直的圓筒形管身和一個外敞的管口及一個單簧吹口，以指孔和鍵的方式演奏。
oboe 雙簧管：A slender woodwind instrument with a conical bore and a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and a penetrating, poignant sound. 帶有一個圓錐形孔和雙簧管吹口的細小的木管樂器，具有三個八度音域和穿透力強而尖利的聲音。
English horn 英國管：A double-reed woodwind instrument similar to but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth. 一種雙簧的木制管樂器，類似于雙簧管，但音高比雙簧管低五度。
bassoon或fogotto 大管：A low-pitched woodwind instrument with a double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a U-shaped lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the oboe. 巴松管，低音管一種低調(diào)的有雙簧的木管樂器，有長的木質(zhì)管身并與通向吹口的側(cè)面管身相連，這種樂器的音域范圍比雙簧管明顯的低兩個八音度。
double bassoon 低音大管：The largest and lowest pitched of the double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the bassoon. 雙簧管系管樂器中音高最低的也是最大的樂器，比低音管的音高低一個八度。
horn或French horn 圓號或法國圓號：A valved brass wind instrument that produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled in a circle before ending in a flaring bell. 一種有活瓣的銅管樂器，從漩渦形且端部有喇叭口的又長又細的管子里發(fā)出圓潤的樂音。
trumpet 小號：A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the modern type being equipped with three valves for producing variations in pitch. 一種高音銅管樂器，由一根從前為環(huán)狀的金屬管和呈喇叭口得末端構(gòu)成，現(xiàn)代小號上裝有三個活瓣以制造不同的音高。
cornet 短號：A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having three valves operated by pistons. 號類的一種管樂器，有三個用活塞控制的栓塞。
trombone 長號：A brass instrument consisting of a long cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for producing different pitches. 一種銅管樂器，由彎曲兩次的長圓筒形金屬管構(gòu)成，尾部有喇叭形口，有一個可滑動的U 形拉管，可發(fā)出不同音高的音。
tuba 大號：A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass pitch. 大型帶活塞的低音銅管樂器。
harp 豎琴：An instrument consisting of an upright, open triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths played by plucking with the fingers. 一種有一個通常系有四十六根長短不一的琴弦的直立的開放三角架、彈奏時用手指撥動琴弦的樂器。
piano 鋼琴：An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be softened or sustained by means of pedals. 一種樂器，用手操作鍵盤驅(qū)動打擊鋼絲線產(chǎn)生聲音，可以通過踏瓣的方式調(diào)輕聲音或使之持續(xù)不斷。
organ 風(fēng)琴：An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes. 一種由一定數(shù)量的靠輸送氣流發(fā)聲的管子和一個操縱機械裝置以使氣流通過管子的鍵盤構(gòu)成的樂器。
harpsichord 羽管鍵琴：A stringed instrument resembling a grand piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more strings for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings with plectra.一種臥式豎琴型或梯形的鍵盤樂器，類似三角鋼琴，但通常有兩層鍵盤（部分為一層，及其個別亦有三層）和兩套或更多的弦（每套發(fā)出不同音質(zhì)的音），通過羽管或皮制撥子（撥子連接一頂重器，一般為一根直立的木桿）撥弦，賴琴鍵內(nèi)端推動發(fā)聲。
glockenspiel 鐘琴：A percussion instrument with a series of metal bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light hammers. 按半音階調(diào)準(zhǔn)的分級金屬棒構(gòu)成的打擊樂器，用兩個輕槌擊奏。
xylophone 木琴：A percussion instrument consisting of a mounted row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic scale, played with two small mallets. 一種打擊樂器，由逐級加長的一排排鑲嵌的木棒組成，并發(fā)出半音音階，用兩個小木槌敲擊。
bass drum 大鼓：A large drum having a cylindrical body and two heads and producing a low, resonant sound. 一種大鼓，有個圓筒形鼓身和兩個面，并能發(fā)出低沉的、共鳴的聲音。
tambourine 鈴鼓：An instrument consisting of a small drumhead with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken with one hand and struck with the other. 小手鼓，一種由邊緣嵌有能叮當(dāng)作響的小金屬片的小鼓面構(gòu)成的一種樂器，演奏時人們一只手搖它而另一只手敲它。
lute 魯特琴（中文的琵琶也譯做lute)：A stringed instrument having a body shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs. 一種縱向削制的形狀如梨的撥弦樂器，琴頸上有定音檔的指板，通常彎曲于調(diào)音單軸之下。
mandolin 曼陀林：An instrument with a usually pear-shaped body and a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are stretched. 常是梨形琴身，在有格紋的琴頸上裝有幾組供挑撥的琴弦。
guitar 吉他：An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound box similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually six strings, played by strumming or plucking. 一種具有大而平的音箱的樂器，形狀與小提琴相似，琴頸長，通常有六根弦，為彈撥樂器。
erhu：二胡 Bowed, two-string fiddle from China, with its bow hairs fixed between the strings; rests on the leg while playing.
Fiddle：費德羅小提琴 English name for the Violin, originated from the Latin Vitula. The French words Vielle and later Viol are also from the same Latin root.
flute：長笛 The flute is a cylindrical metal tube closed at one end that is held horizontally and blown across the mouth hole.
Gu Zheng：古箏 Lonng Chinese zither, typically with 21 strings, also known simply as Zheng (Gu meaning ancient). Related to Japanese Koto.
Harmonica：口琴 the first of the modern European free reed instruments. a block of 10 or more double sided reeds, mouth blown.
Marimbas 馬琳吧木琴A modern commercially manufactured, fully resonated orchestral xylophone.
piano：鋼琴 Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger releases the key.
keyboard instrument：鍵盤樂器 Instrument sounded by means of a keyboard (a series of keys played with the fingers). The most commonly recognized keyboard instruments are the piano, organ, harpsichord and synthesizer, a recent invention.
organ：風(fēng)琴 Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more keyboards and a set of pedals.
string family：弦樂器類 The members of the string family include two types of instruments: bowed and plucked. The standard bowed string instruments, from highest to lowest, are violin, viola, cello and double bass. The harp and guitar are common plucked string instruments. String instruments often play special effects, including trill, pizzicato, harmonic and arpeggio. Also chordophone.
violin：小提琴 The violin's four strings are set in vibration (usually one at a time) by drawing a bow across them with the right hand while the fingers of the left hand stop the strings, changing its vibrate length and thus the pitch.
vibraphone：顫音琴 A percussion instrument with metal bars and electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz.
常用樂器英中對照表
一、Woodwinds: 木管樂器
1.Piccolo 短笛
2.Flute 長笛
3.Soprano Recorder 高音豎笛
4.Oboe 雙簧管
5.English Horn 英國管
6.Bassoon 大管
7.Contrabassoon 低音巴松
8.Clarinet in Eb 降E調(diào)單簧管(小黑管)
9.Clarinet in A A調(diào)單簧管
10.Clarinet in Bb 降B調(diào)單簧管
11.Bass Clarinet 低音單簧管
12.Soprano Saxophone 高音薩克斯
13.ALto Saxophone 中音薩克斯
14.Tenor Saxophone 次中音薩克斯
15.Baritone Saxophone 上低音薩克斯
16.Alto Flute 中音長笛*
17.Bass Flute 低音長笛
18.Oboe d' Amore 雙簧管的一種
19.Piccolo Clarinet 高音單簧管*
20.Alto Clarinet 中音單簧管(Eb調(diào)的，屬于低音單簧管）
21.Contrabass Clarinet 倍低音單簧管
22.Descant Recorder 高音豎笛
23.Alto Recorder 中音豎笛
24.Tenor Recorder 次中音豎笛
25.Bass Recorder 低音豎笛
26.Bagpipes 風(fēng)笛
27.Basset Horn 巴賽管（單簧管）
28.Panpipes 排蕭
二、Brass: 銅管樂器
1.Cornet 短號
2.Trumpet in Bb 降B調(diào)小號
3.Trumpet in C C調(diào)小號
4.Flugelhorn 夫呂號（行進樂隊常用）
5.Horn in F F調(diào)圓號
6.Trombone 長號
7.Tenor Trombone 次中音長號
8.Bass Tromone 低音長號
9.Baritone(T.C.) 次中音號
10.Baritone 次中音
11.Euphonium 小低音號
12.Tuba 大號
13.Bass Tuba 低音大號
14.Piccolo Cornet 高音短號
15.Piccolo Trumpet in A A調(diào)高音小號
16.Bass Trumpet in C C調(diào)低音小號
17.Alto Trombone 中音長號
18.Contrabass Trombone 倍低音長號
三、Pitched Percussion： 有音高打擊樂器
1.Timpani 定音鼓
2.Bells 排鐘
3.Glockenspiel 鋼片琴
4.Crystal Glasses
5.Xylophone 木琴
6.Vibraphone 顫音琴
7.Marimba 馬林巴琴
8.Bass Marimba 低音馬林巴琴
9.Tubular Bells 管鐘
10.Chimes 鐘琴
11.Steel Drums 鋼鼓
12.Mallets 三角木琴
四、Percussion: 小打擊樂器
1.Percussion 小打擊樂器組
2.Wind Chimes
3.Bell Tree 音樹
4.Triangle 三角鐵
5.Crotales 響板
6.Finger Cymbals 手指小镲
7.Sleigh Bells 馬鈴
8.Cymbals 大镲
9.Cowbell 牛鈴
10.Agogo Bells （由兩個錐型鐵筒組成，比牛玲音高）
11.Flexatone
12.Musical Saw 樂鋸
13.Brake Drum 閘鼓
14.Tam Tam 大鑼
15.Gong 鑼
16.Claves 響棒
17.Slapstick 擊板
18.VibraSlap
19.Sand Block 沙輪
20.Ratchet 齒輪剮響器
21.Guiro （木制，用鐵棍剮）
22.Cuica （發(fā)出的聲音象狗叫的拉丁樂器）
23.Maracas 沙槌
24.Castanets 響板
25.Wood Blocks 盒棒
26.Temple Blocks 木魚
27.Log Drum 木鼓
28.Tambourine 鈴鼓
29.Whistle 哨
30.Siren 汽笛
31.Jawbone
32.Anvil 樂鉆
五、Drums: 鼓
1.Drum Set 架子鼓
2.Bongo Drums 邦加鼓（用手指敲的小鼓，夾在兩腿間）
3.Timbales 蒂姆巴爾鼓
4.Conga Drums 康加鼓（橄欖型）
5.Snare Drum 小軍鼓
6.Quad Toms 4組鼓筒鼓
7.Quint Toms 五組筒鼓
8.Tenor Drum 次高音鼓
9.Tom Toms 筒鼓
10.Roto Toms 輪鼓
11.Bass Drum 低音鼓
六、Plucked Strings: 彈撥樂
1.Harp 豎琴
2.Guitar 吉他
3.Scoustic Guitar
4.electric Guitar 電吉他
5.Banjo 班卓
6.Bass 貝司
7.Acoustic Bass 非電貝斯
8.Electric Bass 電貝司
9.String Bass 弦貝司
10.Mandolin 曼陀林
11.Lute 琉特琴
12.Ukulele 夏威夷四弦琴
13.Zither 齊特爾琴
14.Sitar 錫塔爾琴
七、Keybords: 鍵盤
1.Piano 鋼琴
2.Organ 管風(fēng)琴
3.Harpsichord 大鍵琴
4.Celesta 鋼片琴
5.Accordion 手風(fēng)琴
6.Clavichord 古鋼琴
7.Harmonium 腳踏式風(fēng)琴
8.Synthesizer 電子合成器
八、Chorus: 合唱
1.Soprano 女高
2.Soprano Ⅰ 女高1
3.Soprano Ⅱ 女高2
4.Mezzo-Soprano 女次高
5.Contralto 女低
6.Alto 女低
7.Counter-Tenor
8.Tenor 男高
9.Tenor Ⅰ 男高1
10.Tenor Ⅱ 男高2
11.Baritone 男中
12.Bass 男低
13.Bass Ⅰ 男低1
14.Bass Ⅱ 男低2
15.Voice 人聲
16.Vocals 元音
九、Strings: 弦樂
1.Violin 小提琴
2.Violin Ⅰ 小提琴1
3.Violin Ⅱ 小提琴2
4.Viola 中提琴
5.Cello 大提琴
6.Violoncello 低音提琴
7.Contrabass 低音提琴
8.Double Bass 倍低音提琴
9.Solo Violin 獨奏小提琴
10.Solo VIola 獨奏中提琴
11.Solo Cello 獨奏大提琴
12.Solo Bass 獨奏低音提琴
13.Viola d' Amore
十、Handbells: 手鈴
1.Handbells 手鈴
2.Handbells(T.C) 手鈴（中音）
