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如何：對 JSON 數(shù)據(jù)進行序列化和反序列化

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How to: Serialize and Deserialize JSON Data

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is an efficient data encoding format that enables fast exchanges of small amounts of data between client browsers and AJAX-enabled Web services.

This topic demonstrates how to serialize .NET type objects into JSON-encoded data and then deserialize data in the JSON format back into instances of .NET types using theDataContractJsonSerializer. This example uses a data contract to demonstrate serialization and deserialization of a user-definedPersontype.

Normally, JSON serialization and deserialization is handled automatically by Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) when you use data contract types in service operations that are exposed over AJAX-enabled endpoints. However, in some cases you may need to work with JSON data directly - this is the scenario that this topic demonstrates.

Note
If an error occurs during serialization of an outgoing reply on the server or the reply operation throws an exception for some other reason, it may not get returned to the client as a fault.

This topic is based on the JSON Serialization sample.

To define the data contract for a Person

Define the data contract forPersonby attaching the DataContractAttribute to the class andDataMemberAttribute attribute to the members you want to serialize. For more information about data contracts, seeDesigning Service Contracts.
```
[DataContract]
    internal class Person
    {
        [DataMember]
        internal string name;

        [DataMember]
        internal int age;
    }
```

To serialize an instance of type Person to JSON

Create an instance of thePersontype.

Person p = new Person();
p.name = "John";
p.age = 42;

Serialize thePersonobject to a memory stream using theDataContractJsonSerializer.

MemoryStream stream1 = new MemoryStream();
DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Person));

Use the WriteObject method to write JSON data to the stream.
```
ser.WriteObject(stream1, p);
```

Show the JSON output.

stream1.Position = 0;
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream1);
Console.Write("JSON form of Person object: ");
Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());

To deserialize an instance of type Person from JSON

Deserialize the JSON-encoded data into a new instance ofPersonby using the ReadObject method of theDataContractJsonSerializer.
```
stream1.Position = 0;
Person p2 = (Person)ser.ReadObject(stream1);
```

Show the results.

Console.Write("Deserialized back, got name=");
Console.Write(p2.name);
Console.Write(", age=");
Console.WriteLine(p2.age);

The JSON serializer throws a serialization exception for data contracts that have multiple members with the same name, as shown in the following sample code.

Concepts

Stand-Alone JSON Serialization

Support for JSON and Other Data Transfer Formats

如何：對 JSON 數(shù)據(jù)進行序列化和反序列化

JSON（JavaScript 對象符號）是一種高效的數(shù)據(jù)編碼格式，可用于在客戶端瀏覽器和支持 AJAX 的 Web 服務(wù)之間快速交換少量數(shù)據(jù)。

本主題演示如何使用 DataContractJsonSerializer 將 .NET 類型對象序列化為 JSON 編碼數(shù)據(jù)，然后將 JSON 格式的數(shù)據(jù)反序列化回 .NET 類型的實例。本示例使用數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定來演示用戶定義的Person類型的序列化和反序列化。

通常，當在通過支持 AJAX 的終結(jié)點公開的服務(wù)操作中使用數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定類型時，Windows Communication Foundation (WCF) 會自動處理 JSON 序列化和反序列化。但是，在某些情況下您可能需要直接處理 JSON 數(shù)據(jù)，這正是本主題演示的方案。

說明
如果在服務(wù)器上序列化傳出答復(fù)期間出現(xiàn)錯誤，或者答復(fù)操作由于某個其他原因引發(fā)異常，則可能不會將其作為錯誤返回到客戶端。

本主題基于 JSON 序列化示例。

定義 Person 的數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定

通過將 DataContractAttribute 附加到類并將DataMemberAttribute 特性附加到要序列化的成員，為Person定義數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定。有關(guān)以下內(nèi)容的詳細信息數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定的更多信息，請參見設(shè)計服務(wù)協(xié)定。
```
[DataContract]
    internal class Person
    {
        [DataMember]
        internal string name;

        [DataMember]
        internal int age;
    }
```

將 Person 類型的實例序列化為 JSON

創(chuàng)建Person類型的實例。

Person p = new Person();
p.name = "John";
p.age = 42;

使用 DataContractJsonSerializer 將Person對象序列化為內(nèi)存流。

MemoryStream stream1 = new MemoryStream();
DataContractJsonSerializer ser = new DataContractJsonSerializer(typeof(Person));

使用 WriteObject 方法將 JSON 數(shù)據(jù)寫入到流中。
```
ser.WriteObject(stream1, p);
```

顯示 JSON 輸出。

stream1.Position = 0;
StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(stream1);
Console.Write("JSON form of Person object: ");
Console.WriteLine(sr.ReadToEnd());

從 JSON 反序列化 Person 類型的實例

通過使用 DataContractJsonSerializer 的 ReadObject 方法，將 JSON 編碼數(shù)據(jù)反序列化為一個新的Person實例。
```
stream1.Position = 0;
Person p2 = (Person)ser.ReadObject(stream1);
```

顯示結(jié)果。

Console.Write("Deserialized back, got name=");
Console.Write(p2.name);
Console.Write(", age=");
Console.WriteLine(p2.age);

對于包含多個具有相同名稱的成員的數(shù)據(jù)協(xié)定，JSON 序列化程序?qū)⒁l(fā)一個序列化異常，如以下示例代碼中所示。

請參見

概念

獨立 JSON 序列化

對 JSON 和其他數(shù)據(jù)傳輸格式的支持

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