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主謂結(jié)構(gòu),I study.
主謂賓:I like banana.
主系表:I am a student.
主謂雙賓:I give a pencil to him.
主謂符合賓語:I make him happy.
1. 主語+謂語(不及物動(dòng)詞) [S + V]
如：The children are playing happily.
孩子們正在高興地玩.
2. 主語+謂語(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語 [S+V+O]
如：The Greens enjoy living in China.
格林一家喜歡住在中國.
3. 主語+謂語+表語 [S+V+P]
該句型謂語動(dòng)詞為連系動(dòng)詞.常見的系動(dòng)詞有：be(是)； get(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來), feel(感到), smell(聞起來), taste(嘗起來), sound(聽起來), seem(似乎) 等.如：
① He became a famous doctor.
他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生.
② The apple pie tastes really delicious.
蘋果派吃起來真是好吃.
4. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語 [S+V+InO+DO]
這種句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語,既指人的間接賓語和指物的直接賓語.也可以把間接賓語放在直接賓語之后,但要加介詞for或to.如：
① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨買給我一臺(tái)電腦.
② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him.
我把鹽遞給他.
5. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 [S+V+O+OC]
如：We must keep our school clean.
我們必須保持我們的學(xué)校清潔.
1. Subject (主語) ＋ Verb (謂語)
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞大多是不及物動(dòng)詞,這些動(dòng)詞常見的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等.如：
The students work very hard.學(xué)生們學(xué)習(xí)很努力.
She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉.
The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的.
2. Subject (主語) ＋ Link. V(系動(dòng)詞) ＋ Predicate(表語)
這種句型中的系動(dòng)詞一般可分為下列兩類：
(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞.這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等.如：
Several players lay flat on the playground.幾個(gè)隊(duì)員平躺在操場上.
We should remain modest and prudent any time.我們?cè)谌魏螘r(shí)候都應(yīng)該保持謙虛謹(jǐn)慎.
This kind of food tastes terrible.這種食物吃起來很糟糕.
The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.這幅畫在一定的距離看更漂亮一些.
(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動(dòng)詞.這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等.如：
Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天氣變得越來越暖和.
Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那種食物,已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了.
The facts prove true.事實(shí)證明是正確的.
3. Subject(主語) ＋ Verb (謂語) ＋ Object (賓語)
這種句型中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為及物動(dòng)詞或者可以后接賓語的動(dòng)詞短語.同時(shí),句子中有時(shí)含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語.作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句.如：
You can put the books in your bag.你可以把書放在書包里.
Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我們這里的農(nóng)民種很多種蔬菜.
She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞臺(tái)上露面的機(jī)會(huì).
I prefer to make web pages.我更喜歡做網(wǎng)頁.
4. Subject(主語)＋Verb(謂語)＋ Indirect object(間接賓語)＋Direct object (直接賓語)
這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人”,直接賓語常常指“物”.如：
Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物.
The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在給孩子們講長征中的故事.
這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：1)動(dòng)詞 ＋ 賓語 ＋ for sb.； 2)動(dòng)詞 ＋ 賓語＋to sb..如：
Please show me your picture.
－Please show your picture to me.
請(qǐng)把你的畫給我看一下.
I'll offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart.
—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.
只要你不失去信心,我會(huì)給你提供機(jī)會(huì)的.
5. Subject(主語)＋Verb (動(dòng)詞)＋Object (賓語)＋Complement(補(bǔ)語)
這種句型中的賓語＋ 補(bǔ)語可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”.擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動(dòng)詞不定式等.如：
Keep the children quiet, please. 請(qǐng)讓孩子們安靜下來.
He painted the wall white. 他把墻漆成白色.
We found him an honest person.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人.
His mother told him not to play on the street.他母親告訴他不要在街上玩.
注意：動(dòng)詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不帶to.如：
The boss made him do the work all day.老板讓他整天做那項(xiàng)工作.
1． 主語+ 不及物動(dòng)詞
例：It is raining heavily.
My tooth aches.
2． 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語
例：They enjoy the play.
I met John in the street yesterday.
3． 主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語
例：He is out.
Jenny is fine.
It looks like rain, soon.
4 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 雙賓語
例：He bought her a watch.
The sun gives us light.
注意：雙賓語一個(gè)指人（即間接賓語）,另一個(gè)指物（即直接賓語）.一般間接賓語位于直接賓語的前面,有時(shí)它們也可交換位置,這是需要在間接賓語的前面加上介詞to 或for .
常見的雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)：bring sb. sth (bring sth to sb). give sb. sth (give sth to sb.)
hand sb. sth (hand sth to sb.) leave sb. sth (leave sth.to sb)
lend sb. sth (lend sth to sb) pass sb sth (pass sth to sb)
return sb. sth (return sth to sb) send sb sth (send sth to sb)
show sb sth (show sth. to sb.) tell sb sth (tell sth to sb )
write sb sth (write sth to sb ) buy sb sth (buy sth for sb )
do sb sth (do sth for sb ) get sb sth (get sth for sb )
make sb. sth (make sth for sb) pay sb. sth (pay sth for sb)
sing sb sth (sing sth for sb )
5． 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 補(bǔ)足語
例：She found him a very clever student.
I make it a rule to get up early in the morning.
（S＋V＋P）
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二種 主語＋不及物動(dòng)詞 （S＋V）
He swims.
第三種 主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語 （S＋V＋O）
Children often sing this song.
第四種 主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語 （S＋V＋I(xiàn)O＋DO）
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五種 主語＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語 （S＋V＋O＋C）