為了幫助記住不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在把教材中出現(xiàn)的不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞分為幾個(gè)類型,每個(gè)類型中又分若干組,盡量找出每組中各詞變化形式的共同點(diǎn),以幫助記憶。
1. A---A---A型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞同形)
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
cost | cost | cost | 花費(fèi) |
cut | cut | cut | 割,切 |
hit | hit | hit | 打 |
let | let | let | 讓 |
put | put | put | 放下 |
read | read | read | 讀 |
hurt | hurt | hurt | 傷 |
2. A---A---B型(現(xiàn)在式和過去式同形)
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
beat | beat | beaten | 打 |
3. A---B---A型(現(xiàn)在式和過去分詞同形)
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
come | came | come | 來 |
become | became | become | 變 |
run | ran | run | 跑 |
4. A ---B ---B型
(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d或t構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
burn | burnt | burnt | 燃燒 |
learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt | 學(xué)習(xí) |
mean | meant | meant | 意思 |
hear | heard | heard | 聽見 |
(2)把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t” 構(gòu)成過去式或過去分詞。
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
build | built | built | 建筑 |
lend | lent | lent | 借給 |
lose | lost | lost | 失去 |
send | sent | sent | 送 |
spend | spent | spent | 花費(fèi) |
(3)其他
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
pay | paid | paid | 付 |
lay | laid | laid | 下蛋 |
say | said | said | 說 |
bring | brought | brought | 帶來 |
buy | bought | bought | 買 |
think | thought | thought | 想 |
sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
sweep | swept | swept | 掃 |
stand | stood | stood | 站 |
understand | understood | understood | 明白 |
win | won | won | 得勝 |
shine | shone/shined | shone/shined | 發(fā)光 |
catch | caught | caught | 抓住 |
teach | taught | taught | 教 |
feel | felt | felt | 覺得 |
fight | fought | fought | 戰(zhàn)斗 |
find | found | found | 發(fā)現(xiàn) |
get | got | got | 得到 |
hang | hanged | hanged | 絞死 |
hung | hung | 掛 | |
have | had | had | 有 |
hold | held | held | 盛,握 |
leave | left | left | 離開 |
make | made | made | 制造 |
meet | met | met | 遇見 |
sell | sold | sold | 賣 |
shoot | shot | shot | 射擊 |
tell | told | told | 告訴 |
smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | 嗅,聞 |
sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
dig | dug | dug | 挖 |
5. A---B---C型(現(xiàn)在式、過去式和過去分詞都不相同)
(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
steal | stole | stolen | 偷 |
give | gave | given | 給 |
freeze | froze | frozen | 凍結(jié) |
take | took | taken | 拿 |
see | saw | seen | 看見 |
write | wrote | written | 寫 |
ride | rode | ridden | 騎 |
drive | drove | driven | 駕駛 |
throw | threw | thrown | 拋,扔 |
blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
grow | grew | grown | 生長(zhǎng) |
know | knew | known | 知道 |
fly | flew | flown | 飛 |
draw | drew | drawn | 拉,繪畫 |
show | showed | shown | 展示 |
(2)過去式加-n或-en構(gòu)成過去分詞。
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
speak | spoke | spoken | 說話 |
break | broke | broken | 破碎,折斷 |
wake | waked/ woke | waked/ waken | 醒 |
choose | chose | chosen | 選擇 |
forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘記 |
(3)變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”(過去式)和“u”(過去分詞)。
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
begin | began | begun | 開始 |
ring | rang | rung | 按鈴 |
sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
sink | sank | sunk | 沉 |
swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
drink | drank | drunk | 飲 |
(4)其他不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化。
動(dòng)詞原形(現(xiàn)在式) | 過去式 | 過去分詞 | 含義 |
be(am, is) | was | been | 是 |
be(are) | were | ||
do | did | done | 做 |
go | went | gone | 去 |
lie | lay | lain | 躺 |
wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
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