賓語從句知識梳理及練習(xí)
一、賓語從句的連接詞
1．連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。
eg. He knew （that） he should work hard.
2．連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。 eg. Tom don't know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3．連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how，
它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。 eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1．由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents. ==> I don't know how to do with the presents.
2．要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.
二、賓語從句的語序：賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Can you tell me who（m） do we have to see?（╳） Can you tell me who（m） we have to see?（
√）
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.（思考: what在從句中的成分）
陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.”
→ She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. → I asked him where the tickets are.
三、賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）eg. I thought （that） you are free today. （╳）
I thought （that） you would be free today. （
√）
【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
eg. The teacher told us （that） the earth moves around the sun.
四．其他需要說明的問題 1．標(biāo)點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。 eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2．要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
▲五．賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分 eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
2） I don't know if the train has arrived.
句1）中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2）中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動詞don't know的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否到達(dá)。
判斷方法： 1．可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。
2．從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，相當(dāng)于whether，
詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，意為“當(dāng)……的時候”。
3．從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時，引導(dǎo)條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
一單項選擇
( ) 1 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3 The students want to know whether they___ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are
( ) 4 She asked Linda if___ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5 Linda said the moon___ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled
( ) 6. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty? A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 7. I don't know ___ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where
( ) 8. I hardly understand.___ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who
( )9. She didn't know___ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( )10. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
( )11. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening? A. what B when C why D how
( )12. He asked me _____told me the accident. A whom B which C who D whose
( )13..They don't know ______their parents are. A that B what C why D which
( )14..Please tell me ______what last year. A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) 15.15.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( )16.. You must remember ________. A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 17. Did you know ____? A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after
( ) 18. Could you tell me ___? A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when did they leave Beijing
19．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book． A．that B．how C．what D．if
20．—I don't know _____ Mr．Green will come to see us．
—He will help us with our English． A．why B．when C．how D．where
21．—We never know _____ the old m an is．
—They say he is a teacher.
A．what B．who C．which D．where
22．I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers．
A．that how B．how that C．when that D．that when
23．—Do you know _____ ？I'm going to see him．
—Sorry，I don't know．
A．where does Mr．Li live B．where did Mr．Li live C．where Mr．Li lives D．where Mr．Li lived
24.．—W here do you think _____ he _____ the computer？
—Sorry，I have no idea． A．／；bought B．has；bought C．did；buy D．does；buy
25．I don't feel very well．Mum asked me _____this morning．
A. what the matter is B．what is wrong C．what the matter was D．what wrong was
26—Where is Jack？
—He is away to spend his holiday．He's gone either to Hangzhou or to Wuhan，but I'm not sure _____ ． A．that B．which C．where D．there
二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換。
1).How does he get on with his new classmates? Could you tell me? (改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句) Could you tell me how ______ _____ on with his new classmates?
2).What is he doing there? Mother didn't know. (改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句
Mother didn't know what _______ ______doing there.
3).You'd better ask your mother whether is it cheap enough before you try it on.(改錯)
4)What's his name? I asked him.（改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句）
I asked him what _______ _______ _______.
5)Why didn't he look happy? Could you tell me?(改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句)
Could you tell me why _______ ______ look happy?
6)Does he still live in that street? I don't know(改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句)
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
7)Whose children is the old woman looking after?Did you find out? （改為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句） Did you find out whose children the old woman ______ _______ after?
8)The moon moves round the earth. My sister told me.（同上）
My sister told me ______ the moon_______ round the earth.
9) I think it is not going to snow tomorrow.（改錯）
10). "Do you want to try something new。" Tom's mother asked him.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
Tom's mother asked him________ ________ ________to try something new.
11. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改為簡單句）
→
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
