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【備考打卡】同等學(xué)力每日一學(xué)(3月26日)
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考試倒計(jì)時(shí):      距離2021年5月23日全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試僅有56天!
公告:
2021年同等學(xué)力考試季,今起轉(zhuǎn)入大量閱讀理解與完形(含短文完成)的學(xué)習(xí)階段,希望立志于2021年通過英語(yǔ)考試的同學(xué)緊跟節(jié)奏,展開為期48天的強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)!
本階段學(xué)習(xí)精髓:認(rèn)真吃透一套真題比糊弄吞棗的做N年真題管用,關(guān)鍵是在“透”字上下功夫。
備考2021工商
某種產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)實(shí)購(gòu)買者與潛在購(gòu)買者需求的總和是指(   )。
A、市場(chǎng)
B、 欲望
C、需求
D、 需要
【答案提示】:A。解析:市場(chǎng),是指具有特定需要和欲望,而且愿意并能夠通過交換來滿足這種需要或欲望的全部潛在顧客。因此,在這里,市場(chǎng)是指某種產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)實(shí)購(gòu)買者與潛在購(gòu)買者需求的總和。具體指引詳見考綱《市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷》第1章第1節(jié)P300頁(yè)。
備考2021經(jīng)濟(jì)
以下各項(xiàng)中,(     )不是影響財(cái)政支出規(guī)模的因素。
A、經(jīng)濟(jì)性因素
B、政治性因素
C、社會(huì)性因素
D、技術(shù)性因素
【答案提示】D。解析:影響財(cái)政支出規(guī)模的因素:經(jīng)濟(jì)性因素、政治性因素、社會(huì)性因素。具體指引詳見考綱《財(cái)政學(xué)》第2章第2節(jié)P450頁(yè)。
備考2021心理學(xué)
對(duì)問題和資料進(jìn)行深入的探索和思考屬于創(chuàng)造性思維的()期。
A、準(zhǔn)備
B、醞釀
C、豁朗
D、驗(yàn)證
【答案提示】B。解析:創(chuàng)造性思維的過程:分為準(zhǔn)備期、醞釀期、豁朗期和驗(yàn)證期。 具體指引詳見考綱《普通心理學(xué)》第7章第4節(jié)。
備考2021公共管理
簡(jiǎn)述衛(wèi)生事業(yè)管理的內(nèi)容
【答案提示】①公共衛(wèi)生監(jiān)測(cè)和分析;②突發(fā)公共衛(wèi)生事件處理;③實(shí)施疾病預(yù)防與控制;④提供基本醫(yī)療保障 。具體指引詳見考綱《公共管理基礎(chǔ)》第3章第3節(jié)P48頁(yè)。
備考2021法學(xué)
下列那種情形體現(xiàn)罪責(zé)刑相適應(yīng)原則(       )。
A、對(duì)累犯從重處罰
B、對(duì)自首、立功的從寬處罰
B、對(duì)中止犯處罰寬大于未遂犯、預(yù)備犯
D、對(duì)不滿18周歲的人犯罪,應(yīng)當(dāng)從輕或者減輕處罰。
【答案提示】:A。解析:《刑法》第五條規(guī)定,“刑罰的輕重,應(yīng)當(dāng)與犯罪分子所犯罪行和承擔(dān)的刑事責(zé)任相適應(yīng)”。具體指引詳見考綱《刑法》第2章第3節(jié)P433--434頁(yè)。
管理科學(xué)與工程
簡(jiǎn)答組織變革的目標(biāo)和動(dòng)因
【答案提示】組織的一般目標(biāo)包括:改善激勵(lì),提高工作績(jī)效;加強(qiáng)協(xié)作,明確溝通渠道;降低缺勤率和人員流動(dòng)率;減少矛盾與沖突;降低成本。組織變革的動(dòng)因包括原發(fā)性(組織自身技術(shù)、規(guī)模、人員素質(zhì)、變化等變革的要求)和繼發(fā)性。具體指引詳見考綱《管理理學(xué)》第5章第4節(jié)。
備考2021西醫(yī)綜合
下列術(shù)后引流管的處理方法中,錯(cuò)誤的是(     )。
A、各種引流管注意無堵塞、扭曲、脫出
B、注意記錄引流液的色澤和量
C、置于膽道的T型管引流一律在術(shù)后一周拔除
D、胃腸減壓管在胃腸功能劇恢復(fù)后拔除
E、乳膠片引流多在手術(shù)后24-48小時(shí)拔除
【答案提示】:C。題解:T管引流常 應(yīng)在術(shù)后兩周經(jīng)T管造 影后,病情允許時(shí)才拔除,若病情不允許還可放置更久,甚至可長(zhǎng)達(dá)半年左右。
備考2021英語(yǔ)
閱讀理解
For centuries, in the countries of south and Southeast Asia the elephant has been an intimate part of the culture, economy and religion, and nowhere more so than in Thailand. Unlike its African cousin, the Asian elephant is easily domesticated (馴化). The rare so-called white elephants have actually lent the authority of kingship to its rulers and until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background. To the early Western visitors the country's romantic name was “Land of the White Elephant”.
Today, however, the story is very different. Out of work and out of land, the Thai elephant struggles for survival in a nation that no longer needs it. The elephant has found itself more or less abandoned by previous owners who have moved on to a different economic world and a westernized society.  And while the elephant's problems began many years ago, now it rates a very low national priority.
How this reversal from national icon (圣像) to neglected animal came about is a tale of worsening environmental and the changing lives of the Thais themselves. According to Richard Lair, Thailand’s experts on the Asian elephant and author of the report Gone Astray, at the turn of the century there may well have been as many as 100,000 domestic elephants in the country.  In the north of Thailand alone it was estimated that more than 20,000 elephants were employed in transport, 1,000 of them alone on the road between the cities of Chiang Mai and Chiang Saen.  This was at a time when 90 per cent of Thailand was still forest—a habitat (棲息地) that not only supported the animals but also made them necessary to carry goods and people. Nothing ploughs through dense forest better than a massive but sure-footed elephant.
By 1950 the elephant population had dropped to a still substantial 13,397, but today there are probably no more than 3,800, with another 1,350 roaming free in the national parks. But now, Thailand’s forest covers only 20 per cent of the land. This deforestation (采伐森林) is the central point of the elephant's difficult situation, for it has effectively put the animals out of work. This century, as the road network grew, so the elephant's role as a beast of burden declined.
1. What can we know about African elephants from the passage?
A. It is easy to tame them.
B. It is hard to tame them.
C. They are living a better life than Asian elephants.
D. Their fate is quite similar to that of Asian elephants.
2. Thailand was once called “Land of the White Elephant” because_______.
A. white elephant is rarely seen and thus very special
B. white elephant was a national symbol until the 1920s
C. white elephant has helped kings to gain the ruling authority
D. this name was so romantic that it was popular among visitors
3. Why is the Thai elephant “out of work”, according to the author?
A. Because the elephants are no longer useful to their owners.
B. Because their owners are westernized and neglect them.
C. Because the government pays little attention to the problem.
D. Because there are too many elephants and too few jobs.
4. Which of the following statements is true about the elephant population at various times?
A. There were 100,000 tamed elephants at the turn of the century.
B. 20,000 elephants were employed in transport in Thailand at the turn of the century.
C. By 1950 the elephant population in Thailand has been quite small.
D. Today the elephant population is estimated at 5,150.
5. The passage is most probably from_______.
A. a travel magazine
B. a history book
C. a research report
D. an official announcement
【翻譯】:
幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來,在南亞和東南亞國(guó)家,大象一直是文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和宗教的重要組成部分,在泰國(guó)尤其如此。與它的非洲表親不同,亞洲象很容易馴化.罕見的所謂白象實(shí)際上把王權(quán)的權(quán)威借給了它的統(tǒng)治者,直到20世紀(jì)20年代,國(guó)旗還是紅色背景上的白象。對(duì)早期的西方游客來說,這個(gè)國(guó)家浪漫的名字是“白象之地”。
然而今天,情況大不相同。沒有工作,沒有土地,泰國(guó)大象在一個(gè)不再需要它的國(guó)家里為生存而掙扎。這頭大象發(fā)現(xiàn)自己或多或少被以前的主人拋棄了,他們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向了一個(gè)不同的經(jīng)濟(jì)世界和一個(gè)西方化的社會(huì)。雖然大象的問題在很多年前就開始了,但現(xiàn)在它被列為一個(gè)非常低的國(guó)家優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。
這種逆轉(zhuǎn)是如何從國(guó)家圖標(biāo)圣像,《被忽視的動(dòng)物》講述了環(huán)境惡化和泰國(guó)人自身生活變化的故事。根據(jù)泰國(guó)亞洲象專家、《誤入歧途》報(bào)告的作者理查德·萊爾的說法,在世紀(jì)之交,泰國(guó)很可能有多達(dá)10萬(wàn)頭家養(yǎng)大象。僅在泰國(guó)北部,估計(jì)就有20,000多頭大象被用于運(yùn)輸,其中1,000頭在清邁和清桑之間的公路上。當(dāng)時(shí)泰國(guó)90%的土地仍然是森林——一個(gè)棲息地(棲息地)這不僅支撐了動(dòng)物,也使它們成為運(yùn)送貨物和人的必要工具。沒有什么比一只巨大但腳步穩(wěn)健的大象更能穿越密林了。
到1950年,大象的數(shù)量已經(jīng)下降到13,397頭,但今天可能不超過3,800頭,另有1,350頭在國(guó)家公園里自由漫步。但現(xiàn)在,泰國(guó)的森林只覆蓋了20%的土地。這種毀林是大象困境的中心點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗行У厥箘?dòng)物失業(yè)。本世紀(jì),隨著公路網(wǎng)的發(fā)展,大象作為負(fù)擔(dān)的動(dòng)物的角色下降了。
【答案】:
1.[B]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。本題考查對(duì)比處。根據(jù)文章第l段第3句:和非洲象不同,亞洲象容易馴養(yǎng),言下之意就是:非洲象不易馴養(yǎng)。答案中用tame替代原文的domesticate,意思相同。選項(xiàng)A與原文意思正好相反;選項(xiàng)C,D原文根本未提到。
2.[B]推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第l段第4句中的“until the 1920s the national flag was a white elephant on a red background.”可知當(dāng)時(shí)白象是泰國(guó)的國(guó)家象征,因此B為正確選項(xiàng)。本題最具干擾性的是選項(xiàng)D,在形式上,選項(xiàng)D與第1段最后一句極為相似,但是,游客這樣稱呼泰國(guó),原因也是因?yàn)榘紫笫翘﹪?guó)的象征,而不只是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)名字浪漫,因此,選項(xiàng)D是對(duì)原文的曲解;選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C雖然也來自文章,但不是原因,不能回答所提問題。
3.[A]推理判斷題。文章有幾處解釋了大象失業(yè)的原因,如第2段的第2句“a nation that no longer needs it (Thai elephant)”及最后一段的最后一句“the elephant’s role as a beast of burden declined”等。選項(xiàng)A是對(duì)這些解釋的一個(gè)基本概括。選項(xiàng)B中westernized和neglect雖在文章中出現(xiàn),但選項(xiàng)B只是對(duì)想像的描述,不能解釋大象“失業(yè)”的原因。選項(xiàng)C來自第2段最后一句話,但這句話只能說明大象不再受重視,不能作為大象“失業(yè)”的理由。選項(xiàng)D原文未提及,而且,從第3、4段可以看出:大象的數(shù)量急劇下降,談不上“太多”。
4.[D]事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。此題考查的是大象數(shù)量變化的情況。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的數(shù)字惟有選項(xiàng)D沒有直接出現(xiàn),但根據(jù)第4段第l句很容易推算出來。選項(xiàng)A和B雖用了原文的數(shù)據(jù),但選項(xiàng)A忽略了may這個(gè)詞,而且未點(diǎn)明泰國(guó),故不妥。B則忽略了in the north of Thailand及more than這兩處。選項(xiàng)C中的small與原文substantial(大量的)沖突,也不對(duì)。
5.[C]主旨大意題。從本文所用的大量客觀的數(shù)據(jù)和數(shù)字可以推斷這是一篇研究報(bào)告。本文趣味性不足,因此不能選A。選項(xiàng)B不能選,是因?yàn)闅v史書不可能如此大篇幅的描述大象的問題。選項(xiàng)D也不是正確答案,因?yàn)檎嫱ǔJ且恍┮?guī)定,而不是客觀的陳述。
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